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通过模拟煅烧试验制取水泥熟料,参照JGJ 55-2000(《普通混凝土配比设计规程》)制取混凝土样品,参考SR003.1和NEN 7375浸出试验,分别研究液固比对粒状及块状混凝土样品中重金属(Cr、Ni和As)释放的影响。结果表明,在不同液固比条件下粒状混凝土中的重金属浸出浓度为Cr>Ni>As,Cr、As浸出浓度基本保持不变,分别为2 500 μg/L左右和5~6 μg/L,Ni在液固比(L∶S)<6时,浸出浓度随着液固比的增加而降低,在L∶S>6时,浸出浓度较稳定,为35.7~41.5 μg/L;浸出量均随着液固比的增加而增大。液固比(L∶S)<10时,块状混凝土中重金属累积释放量及扩散系数均随液固比的增加而增大,当L∶S>10时两者基本保持不变。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2015,(9)
为了评价2%、5%、10%水泥固封镉污染土的处理效果,采用污染物释放实验、低温氮气吸附实验、热重-差热分析实验,检测水泥固封体的Cd2+浸出浓度、孔隙结构、物质组成与相变规律。未经水泥固封处理的镉污染土,其浸出液中Cd2+浓度高达9.72 mg/L;当水泥掺量5%后,水泥固封体的Cd2+浸出浓度低于国家标准1 mg/L,说明经水泥固封处理后的镉污染土对污染物的释放具有较好的密封效果。水泥固封镉污染土吸附脱附等温线属于IV型,且存在H3型滞回环。随着水泥掺量的增加,孔径为8~12 nm的孔隙数量增多;总孔容表现出先减少后增大的趋势,且水泥含量为10%时,总孔容达到最大值,其值为0.151 cm3/g。未经水泥固封处理的镉污染土,温度达到1 000℃时,质量损失为12.82%,且存在一个吸热谷;而经水泥固封处理后,水泥固封体的质量损失达到18.6%~31.3%,且在200~450℃之间存在明显放热峰。 相似文献
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硫酸铅可以在柠檬酸钠-乙酸体系中脱硫转化生成柠檬酸铅.考察了柠檬酸钠投加量、反应时间、固液比以及反应温度对PbSO4浸出转化的影响.实验结果表明,PbSO4的转化率随着柠檬酸钠投加量和反应时间的增加而增大,固液比和反应温度对浸出过程影响不大.溶液中溶解的铅含量随着柠檬酸钠投加量的增大而增大,其他条件对其影响不明显.最佳浸出工艺条件是:柠檬酸钠与PbSO4的物质的量之比为2:1,固液比为1/5~ 1/3,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2h,此时PbSO4的转化率可达到99%左右,溶液中的铅含量为总铅的3.8%左右.PbSO4浸出得到[Pb3(C6H5O7)2]·3H2O,它在350℃左右可完全分解,得到PbO/Pb粉末. 相似文献
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煤矸石动态循环淋溶液的特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《环境工程学报》2017,(2)
为评价煤矸石回填塌陷区后对水体影响,采用自行设计的新型淋溶装置进行连续168 h的淋溶实验。通过采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和p H测试仪等相关分析仪器研究了煤矸石中重金属在淋溶过程中的溶出规律,并对淋溶液的COD、BOD、TON、NH3-N和p H值进行测试分析。结果显示,淋溶反应时间1~24 h时,淋溶液的COD和BOD分别从28.001 1和4.400 0 mg·L-1升至36.437 29和6.191 525 mg·L-1,超过地表水环境质量五类标准限值。在24~168 h的淋溶时间内,TON的值先降低至2.983 4 mg·L-1而后升高至8.494 6 mg·L-1,而在72~168 h内,淋溶液中TON呈线性趋势大幅度增加。铬元素溶出浓度的峰值主要发生在淋溶初期;铅离子在24~72 h淋溶时间内,析出速度明显加快;锌离子溶解初期为慢速释放,中期为快速释放,末期为慢速释放;铜离子在淋溶反应开始时溶出较少,而随着淋溶反应时间的延长,溶出速度增大。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(5)
通过"硫酸-硝酸法"浸出实验,以砷的浸出浓度为控制指标,选用Fe Cl2为稳定药剂,对矿区砷渣进行药剂稳定化研究。考察Fe/As摩尔比、p H值、粒度、温度及稳定时间对砷浸出浓度的影响,通过研究稳定化前后砷形态的变化,探讨重金属迁移转化规律。结果表明:砷浸出浓度随Fe Cl2投加量增加而降低,当Fe/As摩尔比为1,p H=6.5~7.5时,常温下稳定化1 h后,砷浸出浓度低于2.5 mg/L且基本达到稳定,达到《危险废物填埋污染控制标准》(GB 18598-2001)的入场要求;随反应温度升高,砷浸出浓度略有升高;矿渣稳定化处理后,砷从生物有效性高和毒性大的形态逐渐转化为毒性小、稳定性强的形态,但矿物组成和化学组成不同,砷形态的迁移转化也略有不同。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(9)
通过静态吸附实验,研究了Al2(SO4)3、Al Cl3、Al(NO3)33种铝盐对凹凸棒石的复合改性及其除氟效果。复合改性的最优条件为Al2(SO4)3浓度0.05 mol·L-1、浸泡时间2 h、固液比1∶3,Al Cl3浓度0.4 mol·L-1、浸泡时间5 h、固液比1∶2,Al(NO3)3浓度0.2 mol·L-1、浸泡时间6 h、固液比1∶2。复合改性的凹凸棒石吸附容量达到1.317 mg·g-1,是改性前的13.9倍,吸附容量显著提高。复合改性的凹凸棒石对水中氟的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线更符合Langmuir等温吸附规律。吸附最佳p H为7,改性后的凹凸棒石表面更疏松粗糙,孔穴和孔道增多增大,但晶体结构未变。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(6)
采用静态实验方法研究了白云石对水溶液中Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附特性,通过批实验考察了反应时间、溶液初始浓度、p H值、离子强度、温度以及固液比等因素对吸附的影响,探讨了白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学、热力学规律及其反应机制。实验结果显示:白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附在24 h达到平衡,对Pb~(2+)的吸附量大于Cu~(2+),伪二级和双常数动力学方程分别能较好地拟合白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附;在一定条件下,白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的去除率与溶液初始浓度呈反比,与固液比呈正比;吸附等温方程符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附;溶液p H值对吸附行为影响显著,在溶液p H=6~7时,吸附效果最好,离子强度对吸附影响甚微;白云石对Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的吸附属于吸热反应,反应自发进行,高温促进白云石的吸附行为。 相似文献
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Hong-Wen Gao Jing Lin Wei-Ying Li Zhang-Jun Hu Ya-Lei Zhang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):78-83
Purpose
Owing to the present complexity and difficulty of concentrated dye wastewater treatment, this work aimed to synthesize a reproducible waste-sorbing material for the treatment of wastewater by forming the dye-conjugating complex hybrid.Methods
The inorganic/organic hybridization was applied to prepare the objective material by immobilizing waster dye-Mordant blue 9 (MB) with barium sulfate (BaSO4). The composition and pattern of the formed material were determined by spectrometry and characterized by SEM and XRD, and their formation process was clarified. The adsorption of cationic dye-basic blue BO (BB) and copper ion was investigated..Results
The hybrid of MB alone into growing BaSO4 formed the pineapple-like particles while that of the MB/BB-conjugating complex was the rhombus material. The adsorption of BB on the MB–BaSO4 hybrid was probably attributed to ion-pair equilibrium and that of Cu2+ may result from the complexation. The treatment of dye and heavy metal wastewaters indicated that the MB hybrid material removed 99.8% BB and 97% Cu2+ and the dye-conjugating hybrid with growing BaSO4 100% MB, 99.5% BB, and 44% Cu2+.Conclusion
The waste MB–BaSO4 hybrid material is efficient to treat cationic dye and Cu2+ wastewater. The dye-conjugating hybridization method is the first to be advanced for in situ wastewater treatment, and it showed a combined effect for the removal of both organic dyes and heavy metals. 相似文献13.
Two assays were designed to obtain information about the influence of redox potential variations on barium mobility and bioavailability in soil. One assay was undertaken in leaching columns, and the other was conducted in pots cultivated with rice (Oryza sativa) using soil samples collected from the surface of Gleysol in both assays. Three doses of barium (100,300 mg kg−1 and 3000 mg kg−1-soil dry weight) and two redox potential values (oxidizing and reducing) were evaluated. During the incubation period, the redox potential (Eh) was monitored in columns and pots until values of −250 mV were reached. After the incubation period, geochemical partitioning was conducted on the barium using the European Communities Bureau of Reference (BCR) method. Rainfall of 200 mm d−1 was simulated in the columns and in the planting of rice seedlings in the pots. The results of the geochemical partitioning demonstrated that the condition of reduction favors increased barium concentrations in the more labile chemical forms and decreased levels in the chemical forms related to oxides. The highest barium concentrations in leached extracts (3.36 mg L−1) were observed at the highest dose and condition of reduction at approximately five times above the drinking water standard. The high concentrations of barium in the soil did not affect plant dry matter production. The highest levels and accumulation of barium in roots, leaves, and grains of rice were found at the highest dose and condition of reduction. These results demonstrate that reduction leads to solubilization of barium sulfate, thereby favoring greater mobility and bioavailability of this element. 相似文献
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Comparison of the adsorption of lead,cadmium, copper,zinc and barium to freshwater surface coatings 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Measurements were made regarding the adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and barium to freshwater surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals), which were collected in Nanhu Lake in Jilin Province, PR China, in order to investigate the variability of adsorption capacities of these heavy metals mentioned in the above surface coatings. The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals to the biofilms was observed to decrease in the following order: copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and barium. Generally, the values of Gamma(max) (the maximum adsorption, micromol/m(2)) increased with the standard electrode potential of metal elements used and were recorded as 166.7, 40.0, 29.4, 10.8, and 1.8 for copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and barium, respectively. The values of 1/Gamma(max) increased linearly with the decrease in values of the standard electrode potential of metal elements with a significant correlation (n=5, p=0.01) and increased linearly with the increase in values of covalent radius of metal elements with a significant correlation (n=5, p=0.05). This indicates that standard electrode potential and covalent radius were two of the principal characteristics of metals employed, causing the variation of lead and other heavy metal adsorption to the surface coatings. 相似文献
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Mirosław Mleczek Marek Siwulski Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Krzysztof Sobieralski Zuzanna Magdziak Piotr Goliński 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):308-317
The aim of the study was to compare accumulation efficiency of Al, Ba and nutritional elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na) exhibited by six edible mushrooms collected in particular regions of Poland during the last 20 years. The studied mushroom species were Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Lactarius deliciosus, Leccinum aurantiacum, Suillus luteus and Xerocomus badius. The highest and the lowest concentrations of the elements in tested mushroom species were 11 – 410, 34 – 337, 16785 – 34600, 140 – 607, 12 – 75 and 16 – 143 mg kg?1d.m., respectively. The highest average concentrations of Al, Mg and Mn were observed in Suillus luteus fruiting bodies, while for Ba, Ca, K and Na it was in Lactarius deliciosus. BCF >1 was found for K and Mg in all tested mushroom species and additionally for the highest Ca and Na concentrations of all tested mushroom species except for C. cibarius and S. luteus, respectively. For the other tested elements (Al, Ba, Fe and Mn) BCF values < 1 were recorded. 相似文献
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JAE-HONG PARK IL-HYOUNG CHO SOON-WOONG CHANG 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):109-120
In this study, the photochemical degradation of livestock wastewater was carried out by the Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes. The effects of pH, reaction time, the molar ratio of Fe2 +/H2O2, and the Fe2 + dose were studied. The optimal conditions for the Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes were found to be at a pH of 4 and 5, an Fe2 + dose of 0.066 M and 0.01 M, a concentration of hydrogen peroxide of 0.2 M and 0.1 M, and a molar ratio (Fe2 +/H2O2) of 0.33 and 0.1, respectively. The optimal reaction times in the Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes were 60 min and 80 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions of the Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and fecal coliform removal efficiencies were approximately 70–79, 70–85 and 96.0–99.4%, respectively. 相似文献
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炼油厂轻污染水回用试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对某炼油厂轻污染废水水质情况,选用了BAF(生物曝气滤池)工艺+SF(砂滤)工艺对该废水进行净化处理。通过试验研究,得到了BAF工艺合适的运行参数,取得了满意的试验结果。经BAF工艺处理后,出水COD和油平均浓度分别为9.78mg/L和0.24mg/L,再经SF工艺进一步去除SS后,出水SS平均浓度为3.8mg/L,系统处理出水完全达到工业回用水水质要求。试验证明:BAF工艺是一种高效的处理方法,适合炼油厂轻污染水的净化处理。 相似文献