重大危险源监控系统发展历程

从重大危险源安全监管的现实需求出发，对重大危险源监控系统进行全面系统地研究，及时掌握重大危险源监控技术的发展进程，是安全科研工作的必需．本文对重大危险源监控系统的发展历程进行研究与总结，指出各类监控系统的优缺点，便于科研人员及时了解与掌握重大危险源监控技术的最新进展，为重大危险源安全监管提供重要的科技支撑。     

重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室

正由中国安全生产科学研究院建设运行的重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室,围绕重大危险源监控预警及事故应急救援的重大需求,聚焦于化学品危险性鉴定评价理论与技术研究、重大危险源监控及仪表功能安全理论与技术研究、重大危险源事故模拟及应急救援理论与技术研究等,通过理论研究、模拟实验、技术与装备研发、高层次人才培养,实现我国重大危险源监测预警、事故预防、应急救援与处置理论的突破,为我国重大危险源安全监管、监控理论和技术研究提供一流的基础设施条件和全方位的技     

重大危险源安全监控系统运行模式分析与探讨

依据《安全生产法》和《国务院关于进一步加强安全生产工作的决定》对重大危险源监控工作要求，结合监控的概念，分析了重大危险源安全监控的内涵。通过分析生产经营单位与安全生产监管部门在重大危险源监控系统中的地位和职责，提出了重大危险源安全监控系统的架构，分析了企业端和政府端重大危险源安全监控系统的功能。     

GIS应用于城市重大危险源监控的综述

系统地总结出GIS在重大危险源监控方面的应用现状,简要介绍了地理信息系统的概念及其在重大危险源监控方面的作用。重点论述利用GIS的基本功能强化重大危险源安全管理;利用WebGIS技术对整个地区的重大危险源进行监控,实现信息共享;利用基于GIS的监控预警技术,降低事故率;利用GIS和GPS结合的方法,减少事故引发的损失;利用GIS决策支持技术,指导监控及应急救援。经过分析论证得出的结论是:研究GIS空间分析、模型分析和基础数据的获取技术是今后努力的方向。提出GIS在重大危险源监控方面的应用的发展趋势,为GIS技术在我国重大危险源监控方面的应用发展提供借鉴。     

氮肥企业重大危险源安全监控系统设计

安全监控系统是重大危险源企业预防和控制生产事故的重要技术措施.以氮肥厂为案例,分析了其运营过程中存在的主要危险因素和建立重大危险源安全监控系统的技术需求,在此基础上设计了重大危险源安全监控系统,建立了基于空间信息技术的重大危险源多模式安全监控平台.该平台可以通过网络联入城市或国家重大危险源安全监控系统,有利于政府和行业部门对重大危险源的监管.借助于这样的数字化动态管理系统,可以及时获得相关参数与信息,实现早期预警,降低重大危险源企业的事故风险.     

重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室

正由中国安全生产科学研究院建设运行的重大危险源监控与事故应急技术国家安全监管总局安全生产重点实验室,围绕重大危险源监控预警及事故应急救援的重大需求,聚焦于化学品危险性鉴定评价理论与技术研究、重大危险源监控及仪表功能安全理论与技术研究、重大危险源事故模拟及应急救援理论与技术研究等,通过理论研究、模拟实验、技术与装备研发、高层次人才培养,实现我国重大危险源监测预警、事故预防、应急救援     

中国安全生产科学研究院重大危险源监控与事故调查分析鉴定技术中心

中国安全生产科学研究院重大危险源监控与事故调查分析鉴定技术中心负责重大危险源安全管理、重大工业事故预防与控制技术研究及成果推广应用;重大危险源辨识、评价、监控、监管、事故应急救援等相关软硬件系统研发与推广应用;安全监控系统、安全监控产品功能的安全检测与认证;重大危险源监控与监管相关法规、技术标准及规范的起草;开展全国重大危险源辨识与评价等技术基础工作,为建立各级重大危险     

有效监控 转“危”为“安”——“重大危险源监控与监管关键技术及装备研发”介绍

中国安科院＂重大危险源监控与监管关键技术及装备研发＂项目研究,提出的重大危险源区域定量风险评价技术和方法,可有效预防项目由于在化工园区选址和平面布局、工业区安全规划等方面存在问题引发的各类事故,为进行重大危险源安全监控和安全规划提供了技术方法。     

中国安全生产科学研究院危险化学品安全技术研究所 重大危险源监控与事故调查分析鉴定技术中心

危险化学品安全技术研究所、重大危险源监控与事故调查分析鉴定技术中心，主要从事危险化学品重大事故预防与控制、重大危险源辨识评价与监控、安全规划、定量风险评价、应急管理和危险化学品道路运输安全监控等领域的研究工作，先后完成了国家“八五”、“九五”和“十五”科技攻关课题，     

重大危险源普查与建立重大事故预防控制体系

本简要介绍了重大危险源普查技术方法和北京、上海等6城市重大危险源普查结果。论述了重大事故预防控制体系要素，包括重大危险源普查(辨识)、评价、安全管理、应急计划、安全规划、安全监察，GIS网络监控系统等。     

液氨储罐泄漏扩散模型的改进研究

针对液氨储罐孔洞泄漏的实际工况,综合考虑泄漏及由于泄漏导致液氨闪蒸造成 的罐压变化,以及储罐的许用压力,对其连续泄漏过程进行了分析,以此改进现有的泄漏扩 散后果分析模型,获得较忽略这些因素更为严重的后果.最后针对灾难性事故发生前连续泄 漏最大持续时间的影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,环境温度与初始罐压对其影响较大,是决定...     

Accident consequence calculation of ammonia dispersion in factory area

With the widespread use of ammonia in the process industry, more and more accidents were caused by ammonia leakage and dispersion. The dispersion of ammonia is determined by its physical properties, release source conditions and atmospheric environment. Full-scale numerical simulation based on CFD theory was carried out to study the dispersion law of ammonia in a food factory. It was found that ammonia concentrated on the symmetric plane and showed an upward movement near the source. Moreover, the effect of pressure on the dispersion of ammonia was explored showing that the concentration of ammonia near the source increased with the increase of pressure, while the dispersion of ammonia far from the source is mainly influenced by wind field. Last but not the least, the dangerous area completely covers the obstacle region according to the harmful concentration, but the lethal concentration range and explosion range both only existed near the release source. Correspondingly, the concentration of ammonia in the region far from the symmetric plane can be regarded as a safe area. When the accident happens, one should stay away from the release source and evacuate towards the sides in a timely manner. We hope that this work can provide an effective method in predicting the impact of ammonia dispersion and can arouse concerns over the public safety.     

不同液气比条件下氨法脱碳工艺影响因素试验研究

基于氨法脱碳工艺,对不同液气比下各工艺参数对CO_2脱除率的影响开展了试验研究。结果表明,氨水浓度和烟气停留时间的提升能够有效提高CO_2的脱除率,而反应温度、CO_2体积分数及CO_2负载量的提高不利于CO_2的脱除。通过调整液气比可以缓解各工艺参数对CO_2脱除率的影响,维持系统稳定。综合对比试验结果,认为液气比合适的应用范围为6~8 L/m3。     

Determining a realistic ranking of the most dangerous process equipment of the ammonia production process: A practical approach

OCI Nitrogen seeks to gain knowledge of (leading) indicators regarding the process safety performance of their ammonia production process. The current research determines the most dangerous process equipment by calculating their effects resulting from a loss of containment using DNV GL's Phast™ dispersion model. In this paper, flammable and toxic effects from a release from the main equipment of an ammonia plant have been calculated. Such an encompassing approach, which can be carried out for an entire plant, is innovative and has never been conducted before. By using this model, it has been demonstrated that the effects arising from an event of failure are the largest in process equipment containing pressurized synthesis gas and ‘warm’ liquid ammonia, meaning the ammonia buffer tanks, ammonia product pumps, and the ammonia separator. Most importantly, this document substantiates that it is possible to rank the most hazardous process equipment of the ammonia production process based on an adverse impact on humans using the calculated effect distance as a starting point for a chance of death of at least 95%. The results from the effect calculations can be used for risk mapping of an entire chemical plant or be employed and applied in a layer of protection analysis (LOPA) to establish risk mitigation measures.     

I-Risk: development of an integrated technical and management risk methodology for chemical installations

This paper presents an integrated quantitative risk assessment method for hazardous installations, taking into account management as well as technical design and producing risk level measures. The key components of the I-Risk methodology are the technical model, the management model and their interface. The technical model consists of developing a master logic diagram (MLD) delineating the major immediate causes of loss of containment (LOC) and associated quantitative models for assessing their frequency. The management model consists of the tasks, which must be carried out systematically in the primary business functions (such as operations, emergency operations, maintenance and modifications). A management audit quantifies the quality of these management tasks. The management–technical interface modifies certain parameters of the technical model on the basis of the quality of the safety management system of the specific installation. The methodology is exemplified through its application to the risk assessment of an ammonia storage facility. A detailed technical model simulating the response of the system to various initiating events is developed along with a detailed management model simulating the influence of the plant-specific management and organisational practices. The overall effect is quantified through the frequency of release of ammonia as a result of a loss of containment in a storage tank and in a pipeline.     

基于微分动态逻辑的数字化反应堆控制系统建模与验证方法

核电数字化仪系统既涉及反应堆随时间变化的物理动态演化过程,又涉及计算机的离散控制过程,属于典型的实时混成系统。微分动态逻辑是近年在混成系统验证领域的新方法。提出以微分动态逻辑为基础的构建反应堆控制系统安全验证模型方法,验证反应堆控制系统中离散化的逻辑控制与反应堆连续性的物理连续变化过程之间的相互作用能否保证反应堆安全需求,从而提高数字化反应堆控制系统设计的安全性。     

普通活性污泥系统数学模型的建立及应用

以简化的生物反应动力学模型和二沉池沉淀模型为基础,建立了普通活性污泥系统数学模型.其中的生物反应动力学模型主要描述了碳氧化和硝化过程,模型组分、反应过程和参数的数量都少于国际水质协会推出的活性污泥1号模型(ASM1);二沉池沉淀模型以固体通量理论为基础,结合了Takacs沉淀速率方程,通过测定模型组分、化学计量系数和动力学参数,为模型的应用提供了重要的前提和基础.最后利用活性污泥系统数学模型对城市污水处理厂的运行进行了动态模拟,模拟结果良好,验证了模型的实用性和有效性,并且也验证了模拟程序的准确性.     

液氨储罐事故性泄漏扩散过程模拟分析

液氨是化工企业常用的原料，而每年因为液氨储罐的泄漏造成的事故也十分频繁，液氨属于高度危险性物质，一旦泄漏极可能造成灾难性后果。本文探讨了描述液氨储罐事故性泄漏及扩散过程的数学模型，并用所建模型针对某市化学园区某化工公司液氨储罐工程建设项目进行模拟分析。从模拟结果来看，采用数学模型的方法对事故后果进行预测和分析具有一定程度的可靠性，对于救灾、重大危险源编制应急事故预案以及对新建项目进行危险性预评价都具有一定程度的指导意义。     

氨制冷系统压力管道安装及实验的要点

近年来,液氨管道事故的不断发生,引起了人们对氨制冷管道系统工程的高度重视.首先介绍了氨的性质,然后介绍了氨制冷管道安装及实验应该注意的一些要点,希望能对氨制冷工程的管道安装质量起到一些作用.     

A modified steady-state model for evaluation of ammonia concentrations behind a water curtain

Water curtain system has been proved an effective mitigation measurement for ammonia spill dispersion. Calculating of ammonia cloud concentration with water curtain was less studied. This paper presents a steady-state calculation model to calculate open and forced ammonia spill dispersion. The formula of ammonia absorption was built and integrated into the calculation model. The calculated downwind ammonia concentrations for open and forced spill dispersion were reproduced and compared with literature using a statistical method. In addition, the relationship between ammonia concentration in water droplet and the droplet diameter was studied. The results display that the formula of ammonia absorption is suitable for calculating mass transfer process between the ammonia cloud and the water curtain. The calculation model presents good performances for open and forced ammonia spill dispersion. This study indicates that the calculation model can be satisfactory in determining the impact of open and forced ammonia spill dispersion and the design of water curtain mitigation system.