共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 277 毫秒
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采用田间模拟施药与气相色谱法研究了7种拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园生态环境中的降解动态,茶叶加工过程中的降解和泡茶过程的浸出率及其主要影响因子。根据实验结果推算出通过饮茶进入人体的农药量,结合农药的毒理特性,对拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园生态环境中应用的安全性进行了综合评价。结果表明,拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园中应用的安全性显著高于有机磷农药,在拟除虫菊酯农药之间,其安全性也有较大差异。本研究不仅为茶园使用农药的选择提供了依据,而且首次提出了一种农药对人体安全性的定量评价体系。 相似文献
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介绍了10种农药在14种作物上的消解动态,结果表明,不同类型农药的消解速度是有差异的。其消解速度,有机磷>拟除虫菊酯>有机氯,百菌清与DDT相近。同一农药在不同作物上的消解速度也有明显差异,主要与作物比表面积、生长系数等因素有关。农药在设施作物上的消解速度较露地作物缓慢,且残留浓度呈先上升后下降的动态变化。农药在贮藏作物上的消解速度相当慢,这与其特殊的环境条件有关。 相似文献
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《环境科学文摘》1994,(2)
X592 9401001农药在作物卜的消解速度/张晓红…(L海农学院)//土海环境科学/_仁海市环保局一1993,12(7)一13一17环情X一100 介绍了10种农药在14种作物L的消解动态,结果表明,不同类型农药的消解速度是有差异的,其消解速度,有机磷>拟除虫菊醋>有机氯,百菌清与DDT相近。同一种农药在不同作物上的消解速度也有明显差异,主要与作物比表面积、生长系数等因素有关。农药在设施作物卜的消解速度较露地作物缓慢,且残留浓度呈先上升后下降的动态变化。农药在贮藏作物上的消解速度相当慢,这与其特殊的环境条件有关。表9参3X592 9401002农作物农药污… 相似文献
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昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗性研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
拟除虫菊酯是继有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯之后具有生物活性优异、环境相容性较好的一大类杀虫剂,在防治卫生害虫和农作物害虫中占有重要地位。然而随着拟除虫菊酯农药的广泛使用,害虫普遍对其产生了不同程度的抗药性。文章就此综述了昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗药性现状、抗药性产生的原因及机制,以及昆虫对拟除虫菊酯农药与其他农药的交互抗性、昆虫的抗药性遗传和对昆虫抗药性进行监测的现行方法等国内外的研究进展。并对如何科学合理的使用拟除虫菊酯农药,及如何减缓昆虫对其产生抗性的措施进行了扼要的阐述,最后探讨了受农药影响所导致的昆虫基因多样性及生物多样性受损等问题。 相似文献
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建立了水中6种拟除虫菊酯类农药的超高压液相色谱/质谱联用分析方法.对液相色谱和质谱两方面条件进行优化,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式分析,各组分在0.005~0.1 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)均大于0.998;6种拟除虫菊酯类农药的最低检出限为0.000 5 ~0.002 mg/L,其中,溴氰菊酯的方法检出限满足《地表水环境质量标准》限值要求;各组分的加标回收率在92.8%~103%;相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%(n=6).该方法简单、快捷,可用于实际水样的直接测定. 相似文献
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化学农药工业废水处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一、概述化学农药在保护农作物、防治病虫草害、改善人类生存环境、控制疾病、提供高质量食物等方面发挥着极其重要的作用。我国现有农药产品为:杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂、植物生长调节剂等110多种,年生产原药能力25万t。产品结构仍以有机磷类为基本品种,有机磷农药产量占农药总产量的70%,近年来氨基甲酸酯类以及拟除虫菊酯类农药也都有较大幅度增长。 相似文献
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Yao Jianren Wang Zhengguo Jiao Shuzhen Zheng Yongquan Zhao Jing Gao Xiwu T. T. Liang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1992,4(1):106-116
A complete set of procedure for determination of multiresidue of pesticides in vegetables was presented in this paper.The complete set of procedure included three steps:bioassay,cholinesterase inhibition and GLC analysis.The samples could be identified to be contaminated with pesticides if 5% of house flies was knocked down in 50 tested house flies. Those samples contaminated with pesticides needed to be detected by AChE inhibition method.The qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out by GLC.Recoveries ranged from 83.7% in Chinese cabbages to 105.6% in tomatoes for pyrethroids,and 84.0% in tomatoes to 102.7% in sweetbell redpeppes for organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to organophosphorus compounds.Coefficients of variations ranged from 0.59% to 7.87% for pyrethroids. and 0.33% to 9.88% for organophosphorus compounds with vegetables. The complete set of procedure has been used successfully to analyze 7000 samples collected in Beijing. About 1% of the samp 相似文献
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利用多物种净水监测仪在线监测水体抗生素药物及有机磷农药 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
通过多物种净水监测仪(Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor,MFB)监测斑马鱼在抗生素药物(恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶)和有机磷农药(乐果、马拉磷硫)暴露下的行为强度变化,以验证其作为监测水体环境中抗生素类药物和有机磷农药生物指标的可行性.结果表明,恩诺沙星、磺胺嘧啶对斑马鱼没有急性毒性,乐果、马拉硫磷对斑马鱼的LC50-96值(96h半致死浓度)分别是61、5.4mg.L?1.斑马鱼对环境变化的行为反应快速且敏感,随着药物浓度的增加,斑马鱼行为变化的强度增大,反应时间缩短,且行为强度的变化符合环境压力模型(Stepwise Stress Model,SSM).斑马鱼行为的改变与一般急性毒性实验结果有相关性,可以作为对抗生素和有机磷农药污染水质早期预警的生物在线监测指标. 相似文献
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WANG Li-gang JIANG Xin WANG Fang BIAN Yong-rong Stephan Forster Dieter Martensx 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(2):268-271
A silicagel fractionation procedure for environmental sample extracts, which separates chlorinated hydrocarbons(CHCs) and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides into two groups for subsequent instrumental analysis, was developed in this study. This method was achieved by optimizing the fraction cut-off volume of elution and different solvents. Using fully activated silica gel and cut-off CHCs collection after 10ml 10% dichloromethane (DCM) in n-hexane passing through the column resulted in satisfactory separation of CHCs and organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides. This procedure had a higher reliability for CHCs than for organophosphorus, pyrethroid pesticides, because there is a relatively reliable recovery for CHCs. This approach is less expensive due to reducing sample pre-treatment time and solvent consumption. 相似文献
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固相萃取法测定土茯苓中4种有机磷农药残留量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章研究了固相萃取法测定土苻苓中4种有机磷农药(敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷、对硫磷)的可行性。对影响实验结果的提取剂、洗脱剂、洗脱剂用量进行了条件优化。在优化后的实验条件下,该方法除了对乐果的线性范围在3.55~20μg/mL之间,其余三种有机磷农药线性范围均在2.5~20μg/mL之间,相关系数R为0.9991~0.9997,回收率为79.0%~109%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~8.9%。检出限分别为:敌敌畏0.25μg/mL;乐果2.85μg/mL;甲基对硫磷0.20μg/mL;对硫磷0.15μg/mL。实验结果表明,该方法操作简便省时,灵敏准确,适用于多种有机磷农药的同时分析测定。 相似文献
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LIU Ting-feng SUN Cheng TA N HONG Jun YANG Shao-gui CHEN Chuan-xiang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1235-1238
The influence of coexisting copper (Cu) ion on the degradation of pesticides pyrethroid cypermethrin and cyhalothrin in soil and photodegradation in water system were studied.Serial concentrations of the pesticides with the addition of copper ion were spiked in the soil and incubated for a regular period of time,the analysis of the extracts from the soil was carried out using gas chromatography (GC).The photodegradation of pyrethroids in water system was conducted under UV irradiation.The effect of Cu~(2 ) on the pesticides degradation was measured with half life (t_(0.5)) of degradation.It was found that a negative correlation between the degradation of the pyrethroid pesticides in soil and Cu addition was observed.But Cu~(2 ) could accelerate photodegradation of the pyrethroids in water.The t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin extended from 6.7 to 6.8 d while for cypermethrin extended from 8.1 to 10.9 d with the presence of copper ion in soil.As for photodegradation,t_(0.5) for cyhalothrin reduced from 173.3 to 115.5 rain and for cypermethrin from 115.5 to 99.0 min.The results suggested that copper influenced the degradation of the pesticides in soil by affecting the activity of microorganisms.However, it had catalyst tendency for photodegradation in water system.The difference for the degradation efficiency of pyrethroid isomers in soil was also observed.Copper could obviously accelerate the degradation of some special isomers. 相似文献
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