云南怒江流域可持续发展对策研究

论述了云南怒江流域可持续发展的战略意义，分析了该区域生态经济格局与资源环境特征，并提出了怒江流域可持续发展的对策建议。     

洮儿河流域农业生态地质环境研究

系统分析了吉林西部洮儿河流域的农业生态地质环境特征,揭示了流域内影响农业可持续发展的五大农业生态地质环境问题;按照地质、地貌、自然资源状况、生态环境灾害、环境质量等综合要素对流域进行了环境分区;最后论述了流域内农业生态地质环境的演化过程和影响因素。     

流域水生态功能区划及其关键问题

作为流域生态系统管理和水资源保护的重要手段,如何科学合理地开展流域水生态功能区划,已成为世界各国可持续发展所面临的关键挑战之一.本文立足我国流域综合管理的特点和发展趋势,针对我国现行水功能区划的问题,结合国外流域水生态区划的经验,提出了基于流域生态学、地域分异规律、生态系统健康与生态完整性、流域生态系统管理等理论基础的,以恢复流域持续性、完整性生态系统健康为目标,反映流域水陆耦合体在不同时空尺度景观异质性的流域水生态功能区划及其原则,重点分析了流域水生态系统的空间格局、生态过程以及动态演替等3个区划的关键问题,并提出了区划的方法,以期为我国流域水生态功能区划和流域生态系统管理提供战略层次的科学依据.     

流域生态环境“健康”评价指标

基于流域“健康”的概念，澳在利亚联邦科工组织建立了一套流域可持续发展的环境质量评价指标体系，用１０项环境背景指标来分析流域的总体质量或功能水平；用１０项环境变化趋势以及９项土地生产力和经济效益指标来分析流域环境质量变化的趋势。本文就指标选择的原则和建立的指标做了详细叙述。     

乌梁素海流域土壤盐分和pH值空间分布格局研究

土壤盐碱化是制约乌梁素海流域农业可持续发展的重要瓶颈之一,该文针对乌梁素海流域土壤盐碱化的空间复杂性与反复发生性,根据乌梁素海流域植被特征,采集了20个代表性样点的土壤0~30cm分层样品.利用电导法和电位法分别测定了土壤中总含盐量和pH,运用surfer插值软件克里金插值法(Kriging)得到了研究区的土壤盐分和pH值的空间分布.研究结果表明:在空间分布上乌梁素海流域土壤中盐分和pH呈现出显著地表聚趋势,而且随着土层的加深盐碱化程度呈现降低的趋势.总体上说,乌梁素海流域土壤的盐碱化现象仍较严重,除春季压盐措施外,需要进行灌溉方式改善和化学改良剂使用等盐碱化治理措施.     

半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域生态经济可持续发展研究

为了探讨半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域综合治理措施对生态经济可持续发展所起的作用,根据大量的实地调研数据,利用生态足迹理论与方法对庙坪小流域生态环境治理前后的生态足迹需求与供给进行了定量计算.结果表明:该流域生态足迹一直大于生态承载力,小流域生态经济为不可持续状态,但人均生态赤字由治理前的0.798 9 hm2下降到治理后的0.552 5 hm2.由于流域水土保持综合治理成效显著,导致流域生态承载力的增幅大于生态足迹的增幅,生态足迹需求及亏缺主要源于化石能源用地和耕地类产品的消费.     

水文变异下东江流域枯水径流风险率分析

探求人类活动与气候变化对径流枯水风险的影响,对实现区域经济与环境的可持续发展有着重要的意义。以东江流域为例,通过对相对关联距离熵Hd辨识水文系统状态的跳跃,识别水文变异点,采用信息扩散风险分析模型评估径流的枯水风险率,分析径流枯水风险率在水文变异前后的变化趋势及演变情势。研究结果表明：东江流域在1972-1973年发生水文变异,与东江上游枫树坝建设运行时间基本一致。枯水风险率大于0.8的年份皆发生强厄尔尼诺事件,表明了厄尔尼诺现象出现时,当年东江流域月径流量普遍发生减少。在水文变异后,径流的枯水风险率降低,但变化幅度更加剧烈,同时枯水径流的风险率与降雨的相关性减弱,但与降雨的相关性还是超过0.9,这些都揭示了径流在水文变异后在主要受到气候变化影响的同时,越来越受到水利工程的调节作用的影响。研究成果可为流域综合管理部门决策提供参考。     

复合生态系统非线性累积效应响应因子的阈值模型

基于流域系统累积环境效应的产生机理，以系统动力学特征和累积环境效应-反应过程特征曲线为依据，分析了复合生态环境承载力及其适应性，提出并建立了非线性累积效应响应的指标阈值模型及因子响应程度的客观、动态量化方法。模型的建立对系统可持续发展的评估决策具有一定的指导作用。     

流域生态补偿理论探讨

流域生态补偿是协调流域生态环境保护和经济发展之间矛盾,调整流域内区域间损益关系的有效手段。文章从流域内人类活动产生的损益人手,论述了流域生态补偿的概念、理论基础和运行机铷,并利用经济学原理,对生态补偿的必要性和补偿标准进行了理论解析,给出了流域生态补偿必要性的理论依据和需要补偿量的理论值。在此基础上,根据流域人类活动的正负外部性等原则,对流域生态补偿进行了分类。依据流域生态补偿分类,梳理出了我国流域生态补偿重点区域。通过对流域生态补偿理论探讨,以期作为进一步研究和应用实践的参考和启示。     

深圳市观澜河流域水土流失规律研究

深圳市观澜河流域地处南亚热带,受自然因素和人为因素的影响,流域存在着严重的水土流失,改革开放以来,流域的大片土地被开发成了工业开发区。工业开发区在建设阶段,机械夷平土地所形成的各种松散的堆积坡,引起了新的水土流失类型。本文研究和探讨了该流域的水土流失规律及水土流失对流域水环境的影响。     

城市规划与城市可持续发展

城市可持续发展是人类全面实施可持续发展战略的一个重要方面，它有其特定的内涵。城市规划是实施城市可持续发展战略的有效工具，在城市规划中引入可持续发展理论是引导城市可持续发展的重要一环。以可持续发展为原则的城市规划应突出其未来导向性、环境导向性、社会导向性的特点，文章就其含义及实现途径进行了分析和探讨。     

Renewable energy,non-renewable energy and sustainable development

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the effects of renewable energy and non-renewable energy on sustainable development. This study is pioneering in this respect because it analyses the effect of renewable energy on adjusted net savings, which is a good sustainable development variable. For this purpose, the data of 40 developed and 73 developing countries were included. According to the estimation results obtained in the study, renewable energy has a positive and statistically significant effect on sustainable development both in developed countries and in developing countries. The impact of renewable energy on sustainable development is greater than the impact of non-renewable energy. In this respect, as the renewable energy amount increases, the level of sustainable development increases. According to these results, the fact that countries use renewable energy more than non-renewable energy sources is extremely important in terms of making progress towards sustainability of development and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.     

Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development. •Water resource conservation drives industrial transformation. •Synergy between economic development and environmental protection is achieved. •Regional collaboration over water could promote sustainable development in drylands. Water resource availability is the major limiting factor for sustainable development in drylands. Climate change intensifies the conflicting water demands between people and the environment and highlights the importance of effective water resource management for achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. In 2008, Inner Mongolia, typical dryland in northern China, proposed strict regulations on water exploitation and utilization aimed at achieving sustainable development. Our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness and performance of these long-standing water conservation regulations. Our analyses found that the regulations drove industrial transformation, evidenced by the decreasing proportion of environmentally harmful industries such as coal and steel, and the increasing proportion of tertiary industries (especially tourism). Following industrial transformation, economic development decoupled from industrial water consumption and subsequently led to reduced negative environmental impacts. Based on these results, adaptive strategies were developed for 12 cities by revealing and integrating their development pathways and relative status in achieving sustainable development. Integration and cooperation between cities were proposed, e.g., a water trade agreement between eastern Inner Mongolia (an economically underdeveloped region with relatively abundant water resources) and central Inner Mongolia (an economically developed region with high water stress). Such an agreement may enable the holistic achievement of sustainable development across regions. By integrating the findings of our research, our study presents a reproducible framework for water-management-based sustainable development strategies in drylands.     

仪征市可持续发展指标体系研究

本文采用了隶属度函数及可持续发展的阶段连续性方程，建立了评价可持续发展的复合指标体系，给出了持续发展的水平及揭示了不同时态持续发展的类型，并以此为基础分析了仪征市近，无期的可持续发展状况，提出了调控的措施。     

珠港澳可持续发展协调度评估

可持续发展协调度是一个综合的概念,文章中主要从资源利用效率、社会环境协调系数、经济环境协调系数和环境治理能力4个方面构置了可持续发展协调度的指标体系,就我国香港、澳门和珠江三角洲9个地级市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞、惠州、江门、肇庆和中山)的可持续发展协调度进行评价和对比分析,得出中山和珠海可持续发展协调度最高,肇庆、佛山、江门、惠州、广州、深圳、我国香港的可持续发展协调度较高,我国澳门的可持续发展协调度次之,最不协调的城市是东莞。最后,对东莞和我国澳门存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。     

中国城市粪便的可持续利用研究

本文从可持续发展的概念出发提出了城市粪便可持续利用的发展战略，分析了中国城市粪便可持续利用存在的障碍，进而从若干方面提出了相应的对策。     

Beyond strong sustainability

Since the Brundtland Commission's delineation of the term sustainable development in 1987, virtually every country has incorporated the terms sustainability and sustainable development into their planning vocabulary and criteria for decision-making. However, many issues remain unresolved. Broad and sweeping references to sustainability and sustainable development do not necessarily translate into implementable policies to achieve these goals. In particular, unresolved issues include developing an understanding of how one sector of the economy can contribute to the sustainable development of the economy as a whole and the role of ecological resources in sustainable development. Our paper provides an initial conceptual examination of these questions by folding mining and ecological quality into the sustainability discussion. We use the Brazilian Amazon as an application of our sustainable development model.     

Potentialities,problems, policies and progress in modelling sustainable development: A dynamic,hierarchical approach

This paper discusses some of the potentials, problems, policies and progress in modelling sustainable development. After briefly describing ten approaches to modelling sustainable development, some of the methodological problems still to be resolved are addressed. It is then suggested that policies to promote sustainable development should operate at six different spatial levels connecting global, multinational, national, regional, local and individual. Attempting to model sustainable development in such a hierarchical manner is exceedingly difficult. One way of modelling sustainable development is to develop the concept of a sustainable corridor, combining ecological, economic and equity considerations in a hierarchical fashion and through space-time. A preliminary dynamic, hierarchical model is described connecting global and national patterns of development. Using global and national data for Scotland, the calibrated model, running under the business-as-usual scenario, shows that current development paths are unsustainable. It is shown that, by implementing a judicious choice of policies, a sustainable corridor for a global and a national system can be achieved. The ways in which this preliminary model can be developed to connect all six hierarchical levels are discussed.     

城市可持续发展评价的分指数及综合指数公式

在指标按特征分类的基础上，提出了城市可持续发展评价分类指标的分指数公式和多类别组合的综合指数公式。应用遗传算法对公式中的参数进行优化，得到简单而适用的城市可持续发展评价模型。模型应用于全国“七五”，“八五”可持续发展评价结果与实际分析结果一致。该模型具有可比性强，通用性好和简单，实用的特点。     

An approach to evaluation of sustainability for Guangzhou's urban ecosystem

Guangzhou has ambitions to build itself into a world class metropolis by 2010. Sustainable development is the only way to achieve this magnificent goal. Based on the ecological perspective of sustainable development and the principles of ecosystem integrity, this paper develops an approach for evaluation of sustainable development in Guangzhou between 1986 and 1995. A hierarchical evaluation system of four tiers of sustainability indicators was established. Using the method of fuzzy multistage synthetic evaluation, sustainability development level index, QIx, was calculated for the indicators at the B, C, D, and E tiers. Development stages were identified based on these index values. The coordination degree among the economic, social, and natural subsystems was also computed. Further, an overall sustainability index for each year was computed by combining the development level index and the coordination degree. It was found that the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou had generally become more sustainable, in spite of fluctuations in coordination degree. The development level index of the economic subsystem has surpassed that of social and natural subsystems since 1995. Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure coordinated development among the subsystems for the purpose of sustainable development.