江西盛源火山盆地构造对铀成矿的控制

江西盛源火山盆地铀矿地质找矿工作以往更多关注早白垩世打鼓顶组和鹅湖岭组的含矿性以及早寒武世外管坑组矿源层等问题,忽视了构造对铀成矿的控制作用。文章在收集和整理前人研究成果的基础上,结合近些年来该区铀矿地质调查工作取得的最新成果,探讨构造对该区铀成矿的控制作用,并总结铀成矿规律。不同时期、级别、性质和序次的断裂组成控矿构造系统;萍乡—广丰深断裂带控制武功山—铅山铀成矿带呈近EW向展布,较大规模的"构造结"决定铀矿田的产出位置,低级别的EW向、NE向和NW向断裂控制铀矿体的定位。     

安徽省霍山县东溪-南关岭金矿地质特征与成矿条件

东溪-南关岭金矿为北淮阳东段发现的第一个原生金矿,产于磨子潭-晓天中生代火山盆地边缘,容矿围岩为安山质-英安质火山岩,矿化和蚀变受桐柏-桐城深大断裂带的次级构造带控制。该金矿发育陡倾斜的脉状矿体和缓倾斜的似层状矿体,成因类型为冰长石-绢云母型浅成低温热液金矿。火山岩盆地之下的变质基底可能起到了初始矿源层作用,桐柏-桐城断裂带及其次级构造破碎带为重要的导岩导矿构造,早白垩世强烈的岩浆活动提供了热源、动力源和部分矿源。参照国内外类似金矿的特征,认为本区成矿地质条件良好,有可能隐伏着与石英正长岩体有关的细脉浸染型矿化,晓天火山盆地具有良好的找矿前景。     

河南省方城县宋家庄金矿地质特征及控矿因素分析

本文通过对河南省方城县宋家庄金矿矿床地质特征、矿石类型及控矿因素进行分析,认为熊耳群的火山岩为该金矿提供了"矿源层",下汤-拐河深大断裂为含矿热液提供了通道,燕山期的火山活动为"矿源层"中金活化、运移、富集提供了动力。宋家庄金矿体的形成与区域地层、构造、岩浆活动关系密切。     

北武夷下汪家铜多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

下汪家铜多金属矿床形成于燕山晚期，成矿流体主要来自岩浆期后热液，断裂和岩浆岩是两大重要的成矿条件。控矿构造为北北东向断裂。成矿流体和主要矿质均源于地球深部，以上地幔或壳幔混合带为主，与燕山晚期富碱岩浆活动密切相关。下汪家铜多金属矿床成因上的分析，对该区下一步的找矿工作具有指导意义。     

河南省嵩县东湾-蛮峪金矿床地质特征及找矿意义

本文通过对东湾金矿矿区的地质概况、矿床地质特征的分析研究,得出东湾金矿是岩浆热液形成的构造蚀变岩型金矿,成矿时代属燕山晚期,燕山期岩浆活动不仅提供强大的热动力条件,而且还从矿源层中携带大量的成矿物质,在构造有利部位,尤其是NNE向断裂构造部位沉淀富集成矿,总结出了找矿标志和预测了今后的找矿方向。     

浅析胶莱盆地边缘层间滑动断层构造及其控矿机制

层间滑动断层构造产出于胶莱拉分盆地边部莱阳组砾岩与下伏下元古界荆山群变质岩系的不整合面上 ,是胶莱盆地东北缘蓬家夼和发云夼层间滑动角砾岩型金矿化的主要部位。层间滑动断层是在中生代白垩纪期间中国东部古板块和郯庐断裂构造活动造成的区域大地构造背景下 ,在胶莱走滑拉分盆地的形成过程中产生的。在层间滑动断层由张性应力环境向挤压应力环境过渡过程中 ,源于地壳深部的金矿成矿流体 ,与大气降水混合形成工业金矿体 ,金矿化主要发生在构造角砾岩及碎裂岩的胶结物内 ,金矿化类型和强度具有明显的对称性。层间滑动断层以其产出于特定的部位、产状、成因及控矿机制的不同与其它伸展作用形成的断裂构造相区别。     

闽西南花岗质岩浆作用与成矿

重点讨论了闽西南地区花岗岩类的同位素年龄和演化，将其划分为五期七个阶段，初步确定各阶段花岗岩类的岩石系列和组合及其与区域构造演化的关系。讨论了推覆构造与岩浆作用的关系，并认为与本区成矿作用有关的岩浆岩主要为两类花岗质岩石。研究区良好的矿源层和有利的赋矿层位以及海西期以来幔源岩浆的多次活动，使研究区成为十分有远景的成矿集中区。     

新疆哈密双井子地区早石炭世火山岩及其地球化学特征

双井子地区位于星星峡－卡瓦布拉克地块、古生代岛弧东段北侧活动大陆边缘，分布着早石炭世裂陷盆地，有玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩及其凝灰岩，与金矿成矿有密切的关系。本文在区域地质背景分析基础上，着重对火山岩、火山碎屑岩及其地球化学特征进行系统研究，结果认为，该区安山岩、流纹岩及其凝灰岩为高硅富钾或钠贫铝钙碱－钙性火山岩系列，岩浆源区来自中下地壳；玄武岩则为富钠碱性正常基性类型火山岩系列，岩浆源区来自下地壳，两者为非平衡部分熔融岩浆演化产物。前者Ａｓ、Ｂｉ、Ｗ、Ａｇ、Ａｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｂ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｍｏ、Ｂａ、Ｓｎ、Ｒｂ、Ｔｅ等元素含量较高，有重要找矿前景；后者也可为成矿提供部分物质。这些认识，对该区火山岩特征、性质、成矿关系和构造背景，以及进一步找矿，都将有重要理论和实践指导意义。     

黔西北威宁—水城铅锌矿带动力成矿作用研究

地质地球化学证据显示 ,黔西北铅锌矿带铅锌主要来自基底碎屑岩系 ,硫来自于赋矿地层 ,成矿流体主要来自于构造动力压泌的地层水 ;初始成矿流体特征可能为中低温、较高盐度、较还原、弱酸至弱碱性 ,具Ca2 + (Mg2 + ) -Na+ -F-(Cl-)型 ,Pb、Zn、Ba在其中呈氟氯配合物形式搬运 ,水岩相互作用是Pb、Zn沉淀的重要因素 ;铅锌成矿可分为两个阶段 :第一阶段主要是使原始沉积的黄铁矿层改造富化和改变矿源岩中Pb、Zn的赋存状态 ,第二阶段的构造动力热流泵作用使Pb、Zn叠加富集成矿     

八卦庙金矿成矿的某些地球化学制约因素

八卦庙金矿床是南秦岭印支褶皱造山带中新发现的超大型金矿床，其赋矿层位是中泥盆统星红铺组下岩段的一套碎屑岩沉积建造。通过对其容矿岩石的矿物组成、形成的构造环境、化学成分、微量元素、稀土元素等及金主成矿期脉石矿物铁白云石和石英的稳定同位素、矿物包裹体的系统研究后认为，容矿岩石、NWW向的断裂构造、深部岩体的热动力作用是控矿的主要因素，金的物源是深部的富金层，围岩也带入了部分成矿物质，成矿流体具有深源特征。     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.