"十五"期间黑龙江省自然灾害的特点及减灾对策

分析了黑龙江省"十五"期间自然灾害的发展趋势及其3种不同类型地区灾害的特点,提出减灾工作的重点是防御洪涝、干旱、低温冷害等8大灾种。根据40多年来黑龙江省减灾工作的主要经验,对每种灾害提出了切实可行的防御对策。     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

《防灾减灾工程学报》是由江苏省地震局和中国灾害防御协会联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术双月刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果.为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业的师生提供学术交流的园地。     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

<正>《防灾减灾工程学报》是由江苏省地震局和中国灾害防御协会联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术双月刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

《防灾减灾工程学报》是由中国灾害防御协会和江苏省地震局联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术季刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

《防灾减灾工程学报》是由中国灾害防御协会和江苏省地震局联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术季刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

《防灾减灾工程学报》是由中国灾害防御协会和江苏省地震局联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术季刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业     

发挥纽带桥梁作用积极为政府提供决策服务

河北省灾害防御协会从1990年11月成立以来,在综合防灾减灾和对各种灾害的研究和预测方面发挥了积极作用.每年一度的"河北省年度灾情趋势预测与减灾对策"报告,报省政府后受到省领导的高度重视,为政府防灾减灾工作提供了决策服务.该文对协会的成长发展过程作了较全面的回顾,对协会今后的防灾减灾工作提出了设想.     

发挥综合优势开展减灾研究——为政府防灾减灾决策提供科学依据

防灾减灾属于社会公益性事业范畴.防灾减灾事关人民生命财产安全和社会经济可持续发展.介绍了宁夏回族自治区灾害防御协会在防灾减灾社会宣传、研究和为各级政府提供服务等方面的工作情况并结合当地实际,就防灾减灾社团自身能力建设及当前重点工作等问题提出了一些建议.     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

正《防灾减灾工程学报》是由江苏省地震局和中国灾害防御协会联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术双月刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业的师生提供学术交流的     

《防灾减灾工程学报》征稿简则

《防灾减灾工程学报》是由江苏省地震局和中国灾害防御协会联合主办的防灾减灾工程类综合性学术双月刊。主要刊载以防御和减轻自然灾害为主的各类灾害的学术研究论文和应用性科研成果,为从事防灾减灾研究的科学工作者、政府和企事业部门的防灾减灾专业技术人员、大专院校有关专业的师生提供学术交流的园地。     

Cholera in Sudan: An account of an epidemic in a refugee camp in eastern Sudan, May-June 1985

In 1985 cholera has been a serious problem in the horn of Africa, particularly affecting the many famine victims and refugees in that region. In this paper the history of cholera in Africa is briefly summarized, as is the background to the current refugee situation in eastern Sudan. A cholera epidemic involving 1,175 cases in two adjacent refugee camps in eastern Sudan is described. In this epidemic there were thirteen inpatient deaths and thirty-eight known home deaths from cholera. The management of the epidemic is described in detail. Overall an average of 8 1. of intravenous fluid was used per case, a higher figure than was anticipated, probably because of the unexpected degree of vomiting and the shortage of trained nursing staff.
The relationship between cholera and malnutrition is explored and hypochlorhydria is suggested as the main reason for the increased susceptibility to cholera among malnourished populations. It was observed that severely malnourished adults and children appeared to nave less severe diarrhoea with their cholera, presumably because of reduced mucosal surface area and poor enterocyte function. Finally possible means of aborting cholera epidemics are discussed.     

A retrospective statistical review of deaths owing to migration through the southeasternmost land borders of the European Union,Greece 2000–14

The land borders of Evros, Greece, have been a common entry point for undocumented migrants on their way to Europe through Turkey. Adverse conditions, however, have resulted in many human casualties over the years. On the Greek side, 334 cadavers were retrieved between 2000 and 2014. This study provides a detailed forensic account of the humanitarian disaster in Evros to create an official scientific record of the situation. It showcases the gravity of the global issue of migration relating to health and mortality, and encourages communication and continual improvement of the approach and patterns of practices surrounding the subject. A retrospective statistical research review was conducted of border‐related fatalities between 2000 and 2014, assessing the age and gender of victims, the cause of death, the location of bodies, identification rates, and country of origin. Age ranged generally from 24 to 29 years, but infants and children were among the deceased.     

Complexity,continuity and change: livelihood resilience in the Darfur region of Sudan

Darfur farming and pastoralist livelihoods are both adaptations to the environmental variability that characterises the region. This article describes this adaptation and the longer‐term transformation of these specialised livelihoods from the perspective of local communities. Over several decades farmers and herders have experienced a continuous stream of climate, conflict and other shocks, which, combined with wider processes of change, have transformed livelihoods and undermined livelihood institutions. Their well‐rehearsed specialist strategies are now combined with new strategies to cope. These responses help people get by in the short term but risk antagonising not only their specialist strategies but also those of others. A combination of factors has undermined the former integration between farming and pastoralism and their livelihood institutions. Efforts to build resilience in similar contexts must take a long‐term view of livelihood adaptation as a specialisation, and consider the implications of new strategies for the continuity and integration of livelihood specialisations.     

The cultural politics of mining and natural disaster in Indonesia: by fire and sword

Natural disasters are inevitably the outcome of cultural agonisms. The cultural politics of natural disasters are shaped by competing claims and conceptions of ‘nature’. Recent disasters in Indonesia are directly linked to these contending conceptions and the ways in which different social groups imagine risk and reward. The Sidoarjo volcanic mudflow of 2006 represents a volatile and violent exemplar of contending cultural and economic claims. Like other disasters in Indonesia and elsewhere in the developing world, this ‘natural’ disaster is characterised by differing conceptions of ‘nature’ as cultural tradition, divine force, and natural resource. A new extractive project in East Java is exhibiting similar economic and cultural agonisms, particularly around the notion of development, environment, self‐determination, and tradition. This paper examines the ‘disputes over meaning’ associated with natural disasters in contemporary societies, and the ways in which they are related to human culture, social organisation, and hierarchical systems of violence.     

Reflections on 40 years of Disasters, 1977–2017

This reflection, based on a keynote address to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Disasters on 14 September 2017, begins by considering some of the prevailing assumptions that existed at the time of the journal's creation. Next is a summary of significant milestones during the past 40 years, covering major global trends, changing disaster impacts, and key developments in disaster risk management. Contrasting approaches in the first and fourth decade of the journal's history are then followed by examples of changes in terminology in the disaster field as an indication of shifting values. The paper goes on to explore the context of 2017, with observations of problem areas such as the loss of knowledge, failures to tackle the root causes of disasters, shortfalls in international assistance, and some negative attitudes. It closes by evaluating some current positive occurrences, including a reduction in casualties, sharing of experience, technological advances, and dramatic improvements in disaster warning.     

Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

Risk communication in emergency response to a simulated extreme flood

Risk communication in flood incident management can be improved through developing hydrometeorological and engineering models used as tools for communicating risk between scientists and emergency management professionals. A range of such models and tools was evaluated by participating flood emergency managers during a 4-day, real-time simulation of an extreme event in the Thamesmead area in the Thames estuary close to London, England. Emergency managers have different communication needs and value new tools differently, but the indications are that a range of new tools could be beneficial in flood incident management. Provided they are communicated large model uncertainties are not necessarily unwelcome among flood emergency managers. Even so they are cautious about sharing the ownership of weather and flood modelling uncertainties.     

Tsunami survivors' perspectives on vulnerability and vulnerability reduction: evidence from Koh Phi Phi Don and Khao Lak, Thailand

This paper presents the results of primary research with 40 survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in two communities: Khao Lak (n=20) and Koh Phi Phi Don (n=20), Thailand. It traces tsunami survivors' perceptions of vulnerability, determines whether residents felt that the tsunami affected different communities differently, identifies the populations and sub-community groups that survivors distinguished as being more vulnerable than others, highlights community-generated ideas about vulnerability reduction, and pinpoints a range of additional vulnerability reduction actions. Tsunami survivors most consistently identified the 'most vulnerable' community sub-populations as women, children, the elderly, foreigners, and the poor. In Khao Lak, however, respondents added 'Burmese migrants' to this list, whereas in Koh Phi Phi Don, they added 'Thai Muslims'. Results suggest that the two case study communities, both small, coastal, tourism-dominated communities no more than 100 kilometres apart, have differing vulnerable sub-groups and environmental vulnerabilities, requiring different post-disaster vulnerability reduction efforts.     

The ethical contours of research in crisis settings: five practical considerations for academic institutional review boards and researchers

The number of research studies in the humanitarian field is rising. It is imperative, therefore, that institutional review boards (IRBs) consider carefully the additional risks present in crisis contexts to ensure that the highest ethical standards are upheld. Ethical guidelines should represent better the specific issues inherent to research among populations grappling with armed conflict, disasters triggered by natural hazards, or health‐related emergencies. This paper seeks to describe five issues particular to humanitarian settings that IRBs should deliberate and on which they should provide recommendations to overcome associated challenges: staged reviews of protocols in acute emergencies; flexible reviews of modification requests; addressing violence and the traumatic experiences of participants; difficulties in attaining meaningful informed consent among populations dependent on aid; and ensuring reviews are knowledgeable of populations' needs. Considering these matters when reviewing protocols will yield more ethically sound research in humanitarian settings and hold researchers accountable to appropriate ethical standards.