环境信息高效利用技术制度标准研究

本文对环境信息高效利用平台管理制度提出了相应的规范要求,包括制度的原则、内容和执行的方法。研究有助于推动环境信息高效利用平台的规范应用和发展。     

浅析陕西省环境信息存储交换共享服务平台

为了构建环境大数据应用的环保云平台,加快实现基础设施资源和数据资源的集中统一,实现高效采集、有效整合政府数据和社会数据,支撑环保系统内部数据全面共享,实现由"数据环保"向"智慧环保"转型。现有的陕西省环保信息化平台由于历史的原因存在诸多弊端已不适应时代的要求,利用虚拟化技术将来自国家环保部和其他业务部委与环境相关的各类信息整合在一起,争取实现"五个一"的目标。     

我国污染物健康风险毒性数据库构建研究

污染物毒性数据是开展环境健康风险评估和管控的基础. 迄今为止,我国尚未建立本土化的污染物健康风险毒性数据库. 为此,本文基于收集、整编和经本土化改造的污染物健康风险毒性数据,构建了符合我国国情的污染物健康风险毒性数据库平台,为我国环境健康风险评估、风险管控及相关研究提供了基础数据和技术支撑服务. 该平台由公众端和管理端组成,公众端为公众用户提供了便捷实用的毒性数据查询与服务系统,而管理端为系统管理人员提供了高效的数据及用户组织管理工具. 该平台集成了国内外业界广泛使用的相关信息系统优点,创新性地构建了实时交互响应、自动生成审核信息的数据审核功能,同时拟利用生态环境云服务实现统一管理、统一监控、统一运维、统一服务和统一备份,将极大地保证系统的稳定性和安全性.      

典型装甲车辆平台环境数据采集与数据库管理

通过54次不同条件下的跑车试验,使用温湿度和振动传感器采集了典型装甲车辆大量的平台环境数据。利用ASP＋SQL server2000设计了数据库管理软件,实现了对装甲车平台环境数据、二次数据、相关文献的有效管理和高效查询。     

装备环境基础数据信息服务平台建设研究

目的 建立服务全军的装备环境基础数据信息共享平台,为装备质量研究和管理人员提供技术服务.方法 首先通过对装备研究院下属单位开展调研,分析调研结果,得到需求分析结论.以用户需求为基础,梳理本单位的基础数据和信息类别,理清相关信息元素,利用Java+Weblogic8.3+Oracle10g的模式进行开发.结果 利用软件技术开发了管理功能完善、扩展性较强、性能可靠、符合安全保密要求的信息共享服务平台.服务平台通过军用软件测试,并且开展了小范围的试用.结论 试用人员对服务平台提供的基础数据、信息和技术服务表示满意,试用效果良好.     

基于网络平台的环境大数据数字化工具应用探讨

为实现对环境大数据的统一管理和应用、挖掘其潜在价值,开发了基于网络平台的环境数据数字化管理平台,可对不同类型的环境数据进行收集、整理、组织、存储、分析和共享,使其可靠性、及时性和可访问性满足环境管理中各种对相关的数据需求。利用平台对北方某城市地表水数据进行了汇总、统计、分析及可视化直观表达,发现数字化平台可以更科学直观、快速有效地利用和展现数据,为环境管理服务。     

地方危险废物综合管理信息平台建设研究

通过建设地方危险废物综合管理信息平台,进一步提高地方危险废物监督管理能力,提高危险废物环境管理水平、综合决策能力、环境监管能力及公共服务能力,满足地方危险废物的信息化管理需求,实现危险废物管理大数据分析和决策支持,促进经济与环境的协调发展和环境质量的改善。采用物联网、大数据等技术,对危险废物产生、转移、处置、再利用等环节的数据和相关信息进行实时采集和汇总,准确、直观、快捷地记录和反映危险废物全生命周期的实时动态情况,通过信息传送网络,将分散、独立的信息进行有效整合和汇总,实现危险废物数据信息的统一监控、管理、存储和展示。研究采用大数据分析技术对数据进行加工利用,通过模型分析等方法,实现趋势预测等服务,为管理提供决策支持。本文分别对背景、目标、管理现状和业务需求等相关内容进行分析研究。     

空气环境质量预报预警系统建设的路径探讨——以大连市为例

以开发空气质量预报预警信息管理与展示平台为核心内容,基于该管理展示系统平台,综合运用数据库技术、并行计算技术、Web GIS技术和高效网络传输技术等当前先进的信息化技术手段,通过大连市大气重污染天气预测预警系统平台的设计、开发和建设,实现对环境空气质量相关数据的管理和共享、空气质量统计预报、空气质量数值预报、预报会商和信息发布,为进一步明确未来大气污染防治及空气质量保障工作的目标、方向与重点提供决策支持。     

环境监测管理信息平台的开发与应用研究

针对环境监测管理信息平台的开发与应用,介绍了环境监测管理信息平台和开发,探讨了环境监测信息平台的主要功能,主要包括环境监测的人员管理、仪器设备管理、标准物质管理和质控管理,介绍了环境监测信息平台系统的特点,主要是环境监测的信息收集和利用、智能化预警机制、方便的信息查询,提出了环境监测平台实施中的探讨,如环境监测的前期设计和沟通、数据初始化和数据动态更新.     

WebGIS 与Mashup 在黑河流域信息化平台构建中的应用

随着eScience 的发展,大量的科研信息化。如何综合应用共享的信息资源,再次产生新的科研成果,为科研问题的解决提供决策支持,是信息化研究需解决的问题。本文设计了基于信息聚合与WebGIS 技术支持的黑河流域信息化平台,主要通过Mashup 与WebGIS 技术搭建该信息化平台,重点研究科研信息的聚合应用。基于WebGIS 与信息聚合的黑河流域信息化平台,能够实现黑河流域空间信息的聚合共享,以更直观快捷的方式实现科研信息化,数据与应用服务的共享与交换,使科研成果服务于大众,便于数据的共享与互操作,形成多学科交叉的新组织模式和协作环境。以地下水、土壤等数据的信息聚合应用为案例,基于ArcGIS 云平台,通过WebGIS 技术实现数据资源信息的聚合共享应用。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.