河南省孟州市石庄生油岩特点及潜力分析

河南省孟州市石庄位于济源盆地东南缘,地层属华北地层区山西分区太行山小区.出露的主要地层有中生界三叠系、新生界第三系、第四系.中生代经历了长期陆相湖盆沉积阶段,岩石中有机物含量高.所以该区中生界地层一直作为煤系地层并进行了煤矿资源的勘查工作.本文通过对中生界上三叠统谭庄组的灰黑色岩系取样分析研究,认为该区上三叠统谭庄组为一套含生油岩地层,是济源盆地东侧生油区.在具备一定的运移、储集及盖层等地质条件下可以形成一定规模的油气资源.为今后在河南西北济源盆地寻找油气资源提供了启示.     

南方地区沉积盆地CO_2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法研究

南方地区沉积盆地个数多达140有余,之前仅有少数盆地进行了CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价。本文在综合国内外CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法及南方地区沉积盆地具体的地质特点的基础上,通过对《全国CO2地质储存潜力评价与示范工程实施技术要求》评价指标体系进行优化和改进,建立了7个指标层、20个指标和5个指标划分等级的CO2地质储存潜力评价指标体系,对南方地区沉积盆地进行了D级CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价。结果表明:南方地区各储存介质(深部咸水含水层、油气田、煤层)的CO2地质储存潜力值合计为165.15×108 t,其中深部咸水含水层是南方地区沉积盆地最主要的CO2地质储存场所;楚雄盆地、洞庭湖盆地、江汉盆地可圈定CO2地质封存远景区及目标靶区。     

陆相火山岩区填图方法培训和野外现场交流会会议纪要

<正>中国东部以大面积出露中生代陆相火山岩为最显著的区域地质特征,因而陆相火山岩区地质填图技术方法,以及大火山岩省成因与成矿作用研究是中国东部区域地质调查的关注焦点。目前,中国地质调查局也正在推进区域地质调查技术方法的改革。自上世纪末以来,陆相火山岩区逐步形成了以"火山构造+火山岩相+火山岩性"三位一体的"火山岩相构造学"调查思路和填图方法,并初步得到了推广和应用,取得了一系     

我国寻找超大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床的潜力评估

国外早己发现了超大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床 ,但我国迄今尚末找到。我国有广泛分布的陆相火山岩 ,能否找到此类超大型铀矿床 ,这是当前火山岩铀矿地质工作者急待解决的重要课题。本文在剖析了世界上已发现的超大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床的成矿环境和成矿条件及我国大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床成矿特点的基础上 ,对我国陆相火山岩的时空分布规律及我国主要构造火山岩带成矿潜力作了评述 ,综合得出在我国找到超大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床是有可能的 ,并确认赣杭、南岭、燕辽、大兴安岭等构造火山岩带具备形成超大型陆相火山岩型铀矿床的地质条件。上述主要构造火山岩带与其它构造火山 ( -侵入 )岩带交汇重叠部位 ,是最有希望的突破区。     

塔A和塔B地区古地温与热演化史研究(摘要)

<正> 塔里木盆地是我国规模最大、地质时代最老、最有希望找到大油气田的盆地。盆地内有4套生油岩系(即海相寒武系—奥陶系、海相石炭系—下二叠统、陆相上三叠统—中侏罗统、海相上白垩统—下第三系),并可能有6套含油气组合。塔A和塔B地区是该盆地的主要勘探     

江苏白垩纪陆相层序地层研究

系统的探讨了区内白垩纪地层的划分与沉积相特征，深入研究了陆相地层的层序发育特征。指出，无论冲积扇、河流、三角洲或湖泊沉积的陆相地层层序均受地层基准面控制。地层基准面穿越旋回控制着陆相环境重大层序分布。根据不同时间间隔的基准面穿越旋回序次，将陆相层序划分为盆地充填层序、构造层序、层序、亚层序及小层序五个级别。每个层序根据基准面波动可划分为基准面上升沉积体系域和基准面下降沉积体系域，并可根据亚层序组的叠置特征进一步细分。根据上述陆相地层层序划分原理，作者将研究区白垩纪陆相地层划分为三个构造层序，并初步将葛村组划分为五个、浦口组四个、赤山组三个和泰州组三个沉积层序。     

基于GIS的昆明城市发展地质环境承载力分析

城市发展规模与发展水平离不开城市的地质基础条件。因此,城市地质环境承载力分析是城市发展与规划必需的基础工作。在分析了昆明盆地的地质基础条件之后,从正负两面阐述了影响昆明城市发展的主要地质环境条件,并对其影响程度进行了分析。在此基础上,采用GIS的空间叠置技术,对昆明市市域区和规划区新建、扩建区域进行了地质环境承载力的分级。本区域共分为三级:第一级为适宜建设区,第二级为适度控制建设区,第三级为中度控制建设区。同时认为,从地质环境条件来看,昆明盆地内没有严格控制建设的区域。该研究为昆明城市的发展与规划提供了很好的参考。     

临海国家地质公园晚白垩世翼龙及鸟类生存环境分析

临海浙江翼龙及长尾雁荡鸟化石赋存于浙东小雄盆地晚白垩世形成的地层中。通过对比化石骨骼结构及生态习性,结合对地质背景、古地理、古生态环境及化石产地剖面岩性岩相、沉积构造、化石赋存状态、古植物及孢粉组合等研究认为:小雄盆地继承了早白垩世晚期永康期陆相盆地的构造格局,晚白垩世小雄早期,盆地间分布众多残存的湖泊沼泽,它们是翼龙类和鸟类最后的栖息地。受间歇性火山喷发影响,空落相火山碎屑物导致的湖泊萎缩及沼泽化、水体酸化、气候干热等是造成生活在湖泊沼泽周边和翱翔于天空中的翼龙及鸟类集群死亡的主要因素。小雄中晚期,浙东地区经历了较大规模的酸性岩浆喷溢及火山喷发堆积,为临海国家地质公园流纹岩地貌演化奠定了物质基础。     

桩基础在水城岩溶盆地中的应用

在进行桩基础设计时,桩基础型式的选择是至关重要的。笔者根据在水城(六盘水市)从事岩土工程工作多年的实践经验,对水城岩溶盆地地质构造及主要工程地质问题进行了分析,从安全、经济、实用等角度对比了目前在盆地内建筑物或构筑物所采用的几种主要桩基础型式,并例举了一些工程实例。最后,就水城不同的工程地质条件,总结出相对应的经济适用的桩基础型式。     

浙江缙云老虎头—天王背古火山机构与沸石—珍珠岩矿床

缙云老虎头矿区是首次在我国发现的沸石岩矿产地。近年来,通过对中国东南部火山岩区的地质勘查工作,又发现了为数众多的缙云式沸石-珍珠岩矿床。因此,对该矿床进行典型解剖,具有特别重要的意义。本文着重阐述老虎头-天王背古火山机构及其沸石-珍珠岩矿床的地质特征。 一、老虎头—天王背古火山机构 老虎头-天王背古火山机构的区域构造位置隶属于北北东向丽水—余姚断裂火山喷发带,处于靖岳-舒洪构造火山盆地的北部边缘。是盆地内以马鞍山主火山口为中心的     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.