干早区绿洲形成演变与开发利用研究

绿洲是我国西北干旱区所特有。绿洲在干旱区所占面积虽少，却是干旱区人民赖以生存的场所。绿洲不仅是荒漠中的奇观，也是人类进军荒漠的大本营。目前，干旱区绿洲尚处在开发利用的初期，而水土矛盾和环境劣变问题已突出地摆在了开发者面前。因此，有必要对绿洲进行系统的研究，并从其形成演变的规律中探讨合理开发利用的途径。     

干旱区人工生态系统的持续发展与耗散结构理论

运用耗散结构理论对干旱区生态系统进行了剖析，并结合持续发展理论，提出建立开发人工绿洲生态系统，实施持续发展战略是干旱区生态系统由荒漠走向耗散结构生态经济系统的必由之路。最后，通过对一个已开发成功的荒漠农场的系统分析，进一步为理论提供了实证依据。     

干旱区水资源承载力空间布局研究——以新疆为例

为了了解干旱区水资源承载力空间分布特征,以因子分析法为基础,建立干旱区水资源承载力评价指标体系,通过综合评价模型来探析水资源承载力空间布局。结果表明:新疆水资源综合承载力间布局呈"南弱北强、东弱西强"的分布格局,且水资源支持力、水资源经济承载力、农业承载力、农村承载力、城镇承载力、生态承载力六个因子空间布局呈现区域差异性。未来干旱区要关注水资源承载力区域协同治理,通过协调好干旱区水资源系统与周边水资源系统之间的关系、干旱区水资源系统内部各区域关系,因地制宜、精准施策的同时,倡导水资源环保意识、推广科学用水新观念来缓解水资源承载力恶化。     

“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会征文通知

“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会征文通知新疆生态学学会第一届理事会第二次会议，决定于１９９４年８—９月召开“干旱区绿洲生态与环境”学术讨论会，会议以推动干旱区绿洲生态农业的发展，探讨干旱区绿洲生态农业的低投入高产出的优化模式，在保护好绿洲生态环境资...     

对干旱区可持续发展的思考

随着国家产业政策向西部地区的发展，环境问题日益突出，为此，根据干旱区环境特点，环境问题和形势，提出了保护环境的措施。旨在干旱区大开发、大时期有效地保护环境，实施可持续发展战略。     

干旱区绿洲生态环境建设之途径--以新疆阿克苏绿洲为例

本文以干旱区绿洲的特定地域条件和干旱区绿洲的表现特征为对象，介绍了处于塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘的阿克苏绿洲的状况，对干旱区绿洲的共性及存在的主要环境问题做了分析阐述。认为在实施西部大开发战略中，扩大绿洲面积、加快生态环境建设力度；建立生态环境补偿机制，动用政策、经济、技术的手段；合理调配绿洲种植结构，全面推广节水农业；提高水土资源合理开发利用与有效保护。这些途径将有助于绿洲生态环境的改善。     

干旱区人工生态系统的持续发展号耗散结构理论

动用耗散结构理论对干旱区生态系统进行了剖析，并结合持续发展理论，提出建立开发人工绿洲生态系统，实施持续发展战略是干旱区生态系统由荒漠走向耗散结构生态系统的必由之路。最后，通过对一个已开发成功的荒漠农场的系统分析，进一步为理论提供了实证依据。     

可持续发展的新疆绿洲及其农业

本节通过论述绿洲可持续发展的必要性,探讨新疆绿洲经营的问题,并在探讨绿洲持续发展的一般条件的基础上,阐述农业与绿洲保护的关系,并探索了新疆农业可持续发展的近期目标与措施。1实施绿洲可持续发展的必要性绿洲是干旱区及半干旱区特有的景观,寓于荒漠,异于荒漠。在干旱区三大子系统中,山地是基础,集结、提供水源;绿洲是核心,是干旱区生物和人类生活聚集区;而荒漠是水资源散失区,是绿洲存在的屏障和发展的后备基地。没有绿洲,就没有干旱区人类生存和发展的空间,而人类在不断利用和改造自然的过程中,大量吸收、转化系统中…     

干旱区绿洲土地覆盖变化遥感应用研究--以新疆于田绿洲为例

从人地关系理论出发以土地利用变化为切入点通过野外调查和遥感动态监测对干旱区绿洲土地覆盖变化规律进行了研究.在考察数据和对遥感图像的分类结果的评价的基础上对干旱区绿洲土地利用/土地覆盖空间动态变化进行规律性分析提出只有协调人地关系、加强区域地理建设才是使干旱区绿洲地区避免荒漠化的唯一道路.     

干旱区荒漠植被的特点及恢复问题的研究--以塔里木河流域胡杨林生态系统为例

干旱区除存在唯一的真正森林-胡杨(Populuseuphratica)林外,植被普遍极其稀疏,以降水稀少,蒸发显著为特点的干旱区,荒漠植被的存在对于生态环境的保护和良性发展起到极大的作用,干旱区的荒漠植被表现出特有的生理特征,本文研究塔里木河流域胡杨林的特征及对生态环境的适应规律,进一步提出了扩展荒漠植被的可能性及其措施。     

Simulation of phytoremediation of a TNT-contaminated soil using the CTSPAC model

Knowledge of water movement in the plant-xylem system and contaminant bioavailability in the soil environment is crucial to evaluate the success of phytoremediation practices. This study investigated the removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from a contaminated sandy soil by a single poplar (Populus fastigiata) tree through the examinations of temporal variations of xylem water potential, root water uptake, and soil TNT bioavailability. A mathematical model, CTSPAC (Coupled Transport of water, heat, and solutes in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum), was modified for the purpose of this study. The model was calibrated using laboratory measurements before its application. Our simulations show that the xylem water potential was high in the roots and low in the leaves with a potential head difference of 3.55 cm H2O, which created a driving force for water flow and chemical transport upward from the roots through the stem to the leaves. The daily average root water uptake rate was 25 cm3 h(-1) when an equilibrium condition was reached after 24 h. Our simulations further reveal that no TNT was found in the stem and leaves and only about 1% of total TNT mass was observed in the roots due to the rapid biodegradation and transformation of TNT into its daughter products. About 13% of the soil TNT was removed by the poplar tree, resulting mainly from root uptake since TNT is a recalcitrant compound. In general, the soil TNT bioavailability decreased with time due to the depletion of soil solution TNT by the poplar tree. A constant bioavailability (i.e., 3.1 x 10(-6)) was obtained in 14 d in which the soil TNT concentration was about 10 mg L(-1). Our study suggests that CTSPAC is a useful model to simulate phytoremediation of TNT-contaminated sites.     

请留下最后一片原始森林——立即禁止砍伐新疆残存山地原始林的建议

干旱区的山地是平原区河流的水源聚积地,而山地森林更是水源的涵养林,对保证和供给山下绿洲资源水源有重要调节作用,山地森林还在保持水土、生物多样性保护、旅游、文化、教育等多方面有重要生态作用。其生态经济价值是其本身木材价值的许多倍。但过去我们对森林的生态价值认识不足,林业部门只把它当资源进行过度砍伐,以获取直接经济效益,新疆天山及阿尔泰山水源涵养林自50年代以来能砍的几乎全部砍完,仅剩两条山脉西端小面积残存未砍伐的原始森林。为了子孙后代,为了环保工程,应立即停伐。     

基于多中心理论的辽宁沿海经济带环境治理模式研究

辽宁沿海经济带是我国沿海地区生态环境较为脆弱的地区之一,环境污染和破坏问题较突出。而环境治理直接关系到经济与社会的持续发展,环境治理模式则是决定环境治理绩效的重要因素之一。运用多中心模式分析辽宁沿海经济带环境治理存在的问题及其原因,构建该区域的多中心治理模式,并在此基础上提出相应的策略措施,为辽宁省沿海经济带发展规划的实施提供参考。     

Physical environment,human influences and desertification in Pushkar — Budha Pushkar lake region of Rajasthan,India

Summary The hazard of desertification is now threatening one of the most celebrated and sacred lake regions in India, the Pushkar — Budha Pushkar region, which is situated within the Aravallis, in Rajasthan. While, on the basis of known climatic records and physical potentiality of the land, secular change of climate can be ruled out as a possible cause for the present situation, the location of the zone along the fringe of the desert, and its inherent vulnerable nature due to its terrain characteristics, are more important factors for consideration. A lack of understanding of the type of responses of the terrain to indiscriminate biotic activities, and a reluctance to take any measure to stabilize the ecosystem by the alien group of people resident in the area, have resulted in destruction of the natural vegetation, accelerated the movement of sand from the formerly well-stabilized dunes and sandy plains, and deteriorated the lake environment. However, such destructive trends could still be reversed through well planned programmes of afforestation, soil and water conservation, and people's supportive participation.Dr Amal Kar is a germorphologist currently undertaking research at the Central Arid Zone Research Institute.     

基于GIS的泗县开发区土地集约利用评价研究

以安徽省泗县开发区为例,从土地利用状况、用地效益、管理绩效和可持续发展状况4个方面构建开发区土地集约利用评价指标体系,运用GIS技术、特尔斐法,选择评价模型确定权重后对泗县开发区进行土地集约利用评价,研究泗县开发区土地集约利用状况.结果显示,泗县开发区土地集约利用总体水平为中等集约利用,土地利用状况和用地效益度方面存在着一定问题.基于反映的问题,提出相应的措施.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
The Great Lakes Water Wars, Peter Annin.
Water Management in Arid and Semi–Arid Regions, P. Koundouri et al.
Tribal Water Rights: Essays in Contemporary Law, Policy, and Economics, J.E. Thorson, S. Britton, and B.G. Colby (Editors).
The Atlas of Climate Change, K. Dow and T.E. Downing.     

A Methodological Approach for Designating Management Zones in Mount Spil National Park, Turkey

/ This study was undertaken to (1) determine the suitability of ecosystems within Mount Spil National Park (Turkey) to human activities by a systematic zoning procedure, and (2) provide the basis for developing sound management strategies based on natural-cultural resource attributes of the park. After assessing natural-cultural resources and human activity requirements, the suitability of three zones (Strict Protection Zone, SPZ; Restricted Use Zone, RUZ; and Recreation and Administration Zone, RAZ) for proposed human activities/land uses was determined in order to maintain ecological sustainability and integrity through a weighting-ranking methodology, based on a grid cell resolution of 1 km x 1 km. Results showed that out of the three management zones, the RUZ in which the recreational activities that do not require physical developments are allowed constituted 82% of the park area as the first priority management zone. The proposed zoning procedure is believed to be a key step to improve management for both the study area and other national parks with the similar landscape features.     

基于SSM的沈阳经济区产业结构分析

随着沈阳经济区上升为国家战略,经济区内的产业结构正在积极进行调整。以辽宁省为参照系,运用偏离—份额分析模型(SSM)对沈阳经济区内8个城市2000—2009年的三次产业结构进行分析,在研究沈阳经济区发展现状的基础上,为其未来发展方向以及产业结构调整提供理论依据。     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.