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人工湿地的生态休闲利用与设计 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
人工湿地系统除了可以起到净化污水的作用,在经过精心设计后,还可发挥与自然湿地系统同样的生态保护功能,更可为人们提供一个休闲娱乐、旅游观光、科教科研的场所,越来越多的人工湿地系统开始重视并采用一系列的设计手段以充分发挥其自然价值和社会价值。本文详细地介绍了目前人工湿地综合利用研究进展,分析了综合利用时一些潜在的问题,及其设计时应当加以考虑的注意事项和建议。 相似文献
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D. Rayfield J.W.S. Longhurst P.S. Ramsden J.A. Dinsdale R.M. Elliott D.E. Conlan 《The Environmentalist》1998,18(1):3-13
The transport-induced air quality problems of the Greater Manchester region are examined. The problems are defined in terms of economic and social factors leading to the development of a car-based economy. The impacts of transport emissions on the natural and built environment and human health are discussed. The administrative, legislative and pollution control responses to the problem are examined. The nature of future air quality problems will require an integration of traffic management, land use, public transport and pollution control policies if they are to be satisfactorily addressed. A series of policy recommendations towards this end are included. 相似文献
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J. Jeffrey Peirce 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(2):220-225
ABSTRACT: Strategies for controlling nonpoint sources of water pollution are discussed in terms of three representative states and eighteen regional agencies. The programs in Virginia, New York, and Wisconsin are seen to exhibit control options which range from voluntary action to strict regulation. Four conclusions are drawn from the analysis. First, nonpoint sources of pollution are a major component of the overall water pollution problem in the three states. Second, technical controls are generally available to solve the problems. Third, existing controls programs are not necessarily technologically sound or cost effective. Finally, existing control programs are capable of instituting solutions to the problems if and only if specified actions take place within the respective states and regions in the future. Critical research needs are identified which will assist states and regions in developing cost effective programs to control nonpoint source pollution. 相似文献
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本文在阐明雷暴形成的背景条件的基础上,提供了全球雷暴的分布特征,分析其对环境造成的严重危害,并着重分析雷电在雷暴中的形成及其危害.最后简略介绍防雷电技术近30年来的进展. 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐声环境功能区可分为四类,通过对这些有代表性的噪声监测点进行长期定点监测,了解各类功能区声环境质量特征及受污染情况。通过对近3 a四类声环境功能区的噪声昼间、夜间连续等效声级及污染情况的统计分析,掌握乌鲁木齐市噪声污染状况,研究治理对策。 相似文献
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Carl F. Cerco 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(2):255-260
ABSTRACT: Sediment-water exchanges of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate are incorporated into a eutrophication model of Gunston Cove, Virginia. The exchange rates are obtained from laboratory measurements and are modeled as empirical functions of temperature, concentration, and pH. Simulation of the period from June 1 to September 30, 1983, indicates nitrogen, phosphorus, and chlorophyll ‘a’ are correctly modeled only when the sediment-water nutrient exchanges are taken into account. 相似文献
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介绍了我国长输管道应用的天然气压缩机组的发展趋势以及我国环境噪声管理体系现状,分析了天然气压缩机组的工作原理和产生噪声的原因。对压气站噪声水平实测数据进行了分析,结合美国对噪声管理的经验,对改进和提高我国压气站噪声管理水平提出了建议。 相似文献
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对CDM市场的项目类型进行了归纳与分析,总结了CDM项目类型与项目注册过程中的问题,对CDM项目交易市场的现状及制度进行了探讨,并提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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Data are presented for a particular population on its perception of English and Welsh local authority areas in terms of desirability for residence. The method employed permits a distinction between positive and negative judgements as well as a measure of the differing degree to which areas figure in the mind at all. It is established that the areas are seen in terms of a sharply differentiated hierarchy of preference and that there is considerable variation in the extent to which areas are “visible”. In aggregate negative judgements predominate and the most frequently expressed attitude is strong dislike. Places in the south‐west are popular as are some places in the north. London Boroughs are unpopular although in varying degrees. The most favoured place is Cornwall and the least favoured is Wolverhampton. It is argued that perceptions studied in the “direct” way used here are important to complement those employing an “oblique” method in which criteria of choice are assumed or established by social survey and then used to create a profile of preference against which places can be measured and ranked. 相似文献
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Robert B. Wenger Charles R. Rhyner Edith E. Wagoner 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1997,20(4):267-276
Some states measure progress in their waste reduction programs on the basis of recycling rates, while others use disposal-based reduction rates. It is generally recognized that these two measures are conceptually distinct. Nevertheless, when informational surveys of waste reduction activities are compiled, the data are usually combined in a manner that blurs this distinction and complicates the issues involved. In this paper, these two concepts are defined in a precise manner and equations are derived which clearly depict the relationship between recycling rates and disposal-based reduction rates. Information from a national survey and the US Environmental Protection Agency is used to illustrate the concepts which are developed in the paper. 相似文献
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Helen Ingram 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1972,8(6):1177-1188
A set of decision rules have governed the traditional politics of water development. This paper identifies these rules, describes their operation, and explains the logic behind their adoption. Personal interviews with a large number of decision makers are cited to substantiate and illustrate particular rules. There are five decision rules: local support, agreement, mutual accommodation, mutual noninterference, and fairness and equity. These guidelines are intended to insure support, lessen conflict, and protect the reputation of water development as a worthwhile federal investment. Since there are current indications that the traditional decision rules are no longer followed, the paper aims to identify why and how the rules are changing. 相似文献
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Victor Rodriguez Padilla 《Natural resources forum》1991,15(1):2-14
The petroleum tax systems of nine West African countries are compared and analysed for their effectiveness in capturing the maximum amount of oil revenues. As a general rule, those countries which are major oil-exporting countries have the highest tax rates whereas those which are oil-importing countries have the lowest. The tax systems have changed over time, reflecting inter alia, changing national attitudes towards foreign investment, the price of oil and domestic needs. One conclusion reached is that many of the tax systems in place today are regressive in that the tax rates are fixed and are not adjusted to the profitability or non-profitability of the oil field . 相似文献
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Multiobjective Assessment of Multipurpose Water Resources Projects for Developing Countries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Multiobjective assessments of water resource projects are useful for widening the range of impacts that are considered during the process of project planning and selection. Some of the principles and problems associated with multiobjective analyses are reviewed, as are several relatively simple information display techniques and approaches found applicable to conditions in many developing countries. These techniques can be used where data and technical expertise are limited, and where it is not possible to identify and quantify all economic, environmental or social objectives and their trade-offs during the search for the best compromise decision. 相似文献
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Thomas M. Walski 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1983,19(3):489-498
Savings in capital, operation, and maintenance costs of new water supply facilities are referred to as “long run foregone costs.” Any conservation measure leads to reduction of water use or loss, however, significant long run foregone costs are realized only when reductions in size or delays in construction of facilities result. In order to accurately evaluate these costs it is necessary to know which facilities are affected and how they are affected (i.e., eliminated, downsized, or delayed). The effects of several levels of conservation on long run fore gone costs for an actual study are presented and some easy to use equations that may be used to calculate such savings are then derived. Some rules are presented to determine if it is more economical to delay construction or downsize facilities. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(1):21-45
Abstract The design aspects of energy selection and energy efficiency are described. These topics are key components of Design for Environment, and thus are important considerations in industrial ecology. In the article, background material is presented on energy forms, sources, carriers and conversion technologies. Then, energy use in countries, regions and sectors is discussed, and the impact of energy use on the environment described. Efficiencies and other measures of merit for energy use are presented, and design for energy selection and for energy efficiency are described, highlighting energy-related design factors for pollution prevention. Finally sustainable development and its relation to energy and efficiency are discussed, and a case study is presented. 相似文献