陶瓷高温除尘技术的研究进展

许多国家都在研究陶瓷高温干法除尘技术，主要用在洁净煤燃烧联合循环发电技术中，讨论当前陶瓷高温除尘技术概要和国内外各种高温除尘技术及其研究状况，并对高温除尘技术的未来情况作出探讨性的预测。     

Age-related thermal strain in men while wearing radiation protective clothing during short-term exercise in the heat.

The aim of the study was to compare heat strain among different age groups of men in protective clothing during short-term physical work. Eight young (20-29 years), 6 middle-aged (41-55 years), and 6 older (58-65 years) men exercised for 30 min on a cycle ergometer (40% V(O2 max)) in 2 hot environments with a similar WBGT (ca. 26 degrees C): once with minimal clothing without infrared radiation (E1), and once with aluminized protective clothing under infrared radiation (E2). All subjects had sedentary jobs, but only the older subjects were physically active in their leisure-time. Body temperatures, heart rate, sweat rate, and subjective feelings were determined during the tests. Higher thermal strain was observed in E2 than in E1. No age-related differences in thermal strain were observed in either experiment indicating that active older men can tolerate short work periods with protective clothing in the heat as well as younger sedentary men.     

布袋收尘穿漏监测及定位技术现状与展望

综述了国内外布袋收尘穿漏监测及漏袋定位主要技术现状,预测了该技术领域的发展趋势。     

变光焊接眼护具响应时间定义分析

通过对不同标准的变光焊接眼护具响应时间定义分析，提出各标准定义及计算值的区别，以利于帮助消费者进行产品选择和企业对产品设计的改进。     

自动变光焊接滤光片关键性能指标研究

焊接防护对作业者的职业健康安全及产品质量至关重要,自动焊接防护产品随技术进步开始得到广泛应用,关键器件为自动变光焊接滤光片,衡量其防护性能的关键技术指标为响应时间。本文对自动变光焊接滤光片的防护原理,关键技术指标——响应时间,影响响应时间的因素进行了研究。     

大空间中热隐患的可视化监测

在无人值守的情形下,实现对大型建筑空间内发热物体、火灾等热隐患的智能监测是非常必要的,笔者基于已有的研究成果,讨论了大空间热隐患监测中,高温目标的可视化甄别和温度场的可视化测量原理。利用CCD(电荷耦合器件)的近红外响应特性(800~1200nm)、短波段内单调发射率函数、非相关滤色片构造和归一化数据处理模式等关键技术,使得常见的CCD图像监控设备实现了高温热隐患的非接触、可视化智能监测(即包括高温目标的可视化甄别以及温度场的可视化测量),改进的设备有望推广应用。     

Analytical Study of the Heat Loss Attenuation by Clothing on Thermal Manikins Under Radiative Heat Loads

For wearers of protective clothing in radiation environments there are no quantitative guidelines available for the effect of a radiative heat load on heat exchange. Under the European Union funded project ThermProtect an analytical effort was defined to address the issue of radiative heat load while wearing protective clothing. As within the ThermProtect project much information has become available from thermal manikin experiments in thermal radiation environments, these sets of experimental data are used to verify the analytical approach. The analytical approach provided a good prediction of the heat loss in the manikin experiments, 95% of the variance was explained by the model. The model has not yet been validated at high radiative heat loads and neglects some physical properties of the radiation emissivity. Still, the analytical approach provides a pragmatic approach and may be useful for practical implementation in protective clothing standards for moderate thermal radiation environments.     

红外探测巷道围岩地质构造的理论与应用

利用红外技术探测地质构造是预防巷道作业重大安全事故的有效途径。笔者根据红外辐射原理 ,分析了地质构造引起的岩石密度变化和巷道围岩辐射功率之间的相关性 ,提出了红外探测巷道地质构造的理论、方法及适用条件。应用结果表明 :红外探测技术不仅可简便、直观地分析和预测采掘巷道围岩地质的变化趋势 ,而且可用于巷道围岩瓦斯涌出异常地段的原因探测 ,指导安全防范措施的有效实施     

Experimental Investigation on The Igniting Fire Sources in Wildland Fire

试图通过试验,研究从林火点火源的红外辐射谱特性确定火焰性质的方法。为此,研制了模拟试验台,可以同时测定各特征火焰区的红外辐射谱和平均温度。用普朗克定律和维恩位移定律对试验数据进行了处理。对三种典型的引火源（烟头、树枝和纸）进行研究的结果表明：引火源的辐射特征波长在１．１－２．１ｕｍ,３．８－４．０ｕｍ,７．８－８．２ｕｍ波段内分布,此波长与各火焰区的特征温度存在对应关系。辐射温度随波长变化。在短波长处较低,此结果与将火焰辐射处理成黑体辐射时的普朗克定律大致相符     

The effect of moisture content within multilayer protective clothing on protection from radiation and steam

The moisture from skin sweat and atmospheric water affects the thermal protective performance provided by multilayer protective clothing. Four levels of moisture content were selected to evaluate the impact of moisture on thermal protection under dry (thermal radiation) and wet (thermal radiation and low-pressure steam) heat exposure. Also, the role of moisture and its relationship with exposure time were analyzed based on skin heat flux and Henriques integral value. The addition of moisture to a fabric system was found to result in differences in second-degree and third-degree skin burn times. When moisture is added to a fabric system, it both acts as a thermal conductor to present a negative effect and provides a positive effect owing to thermal storage of water and evaporative heat loss. The positive or negative effects of moisture are mainly dependent on the thermal exposure time, the moisture content and the presence of hot steam.     

洁净技术在广播发射台的应用

提出了我国目前广播、电视发射机房存在的一‘些问题,介绍了用亚高效过滤器处理广播、电视发射机房的空气净化问题,以及对发射机散热的处理方法。     

大学生使用电脑及受其电磁辐射污染状况的调查

为了解目前高校内大学生拥有个人电脑的情况,以及大学生对其所产生电磁辐射污染的了解程度和受其危害程度,在南开大学本部选取有代表性的学生宿舍楼进行问卷调查.结果显示,大学生中个人电脑的普及率为45.7%,以电磁辐射强度相对大的阴极射线管(Cathod RayTube,CRT)显示器电脑为主,占64.9%;拥有个人电脑的大学生,平均每日使用电脑的时间长;学生使用电脑后出现不良症状(眼疼、头晕等)的比例高,为77.4%,女生对电磁辐射的敏感程度高于男生;随每日使用电脑时间的延长,出现不良症状的人数增加;大学生对电磁辐射的危害有所了解的人数比例为71.9%,但知道防护措施的仅为29.6%,使用防护屏的仅为5.4%.综合调查结果认为,大学生电脑普及率高,使用时间长,且对电脑电磁辐射无应有的防护,大多数大学生在一定程度上已经受到了电磁辐射的影响,大学生受电脑电磁辐射已经成为一个值得关注的新问题.     

Experimental and numerical methodology for the analysis of fireproofing materials

In this study, a methodology for the assessment of fireproofing materials performance is presented. The methodology is based on a combined experimental and numerical approach. A modified version of the ASTM E162 standard fire test was used to expose specimens of steel board protected with different types of fireproofing materials to a steady radiation source. The temperature of the steel board was recorded with an infrared camera in order to evaluate the heat up due to the fire and characterize the protective performance. Experimental results were used to validate a simplified mono-dimensional model which allowed simulating more severe conditions and different protection configurations. A specific key performance indicator (KPI) was used for the quantitative assessment of fireproofing effectiveness. Finally, the professional career of Menso Molag, safety pioneer in the framework of hazardous materials transportation, was outlined.     

城市电磁波辐射污染监测及防护

电磁波辐射不仅对通信、无线电管理、电器设备的正常工作有许多干扰,而且对生物体也有严重的影响。为了更有效地避免因射频、微波等高频电磁场对城市居民身心健康的危害,进行城市电磁波辐射水平的监测与评价,并为此采取相应的防护措施是十分必要的。在1990年,用我国研制的电磁环境辐射监测仪对厦门、漳州两城市的电磁波辐射污染进行了测试和评价,为我国各大中城市进行电磁波辐射污染测试和评估提供了切实可行的方法。     

Deposition and Resuspension of Selected Aerosols Particles on Electrically Charged Filter Materials for Respiratory Protective Devices

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol.

To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded.

The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.     

Deposition and resuspension of selected aerosols particles on electrically charged filter materials for respiratory protective devices.

The primary aim of the study was to analyse the non-steady state of filtration for selected electrostatic filter materials designed for use in respiratory protective devices. The obtained results showed that the filtration process in electrostatic filters was dependent in the main on the following factors: type of the filter material, electrostatic field strength of the material, and the charge of the aerosol. To a lesser degree the filtration process depended on the sign of the charge and the relative humidity of the air. A significant correlation was found between the increase in the penetration and the decrease in breathing resistance while the filter was being loaded. The effect of resuspension (tearing off and re-deposition of dust agglomerates inside the filter) on the filtration process very significant. It was also observed that under certain conditions electrostatic filter materials lost their protection properties.     

Investigation of a filter explosion

At about 10 o'clock on a summer morning in 1987, an industrial filter used to purify an electrolytic plating solution exploded at a printed wiring board manufacturing plant. An investigation team used the failure modes and effects analysis technique to identify potential failures that could have caused the explosion and to reconstruct the most probable sequence of events that led to the accident. This paper describes the investigation and its results.     

膨胀型防火涂料对高压电力电缆引燃特性影响的实验研究

膨胀型防火涂料在电缆防火工程中有较广泛的应用,在使用过程中确保电缆涂料的效果与经济性具有重要意义。对喷涂不同厚度膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的高压电力电缆开展了在典型强度外加辐射热流条件的着火引燃实验,分析了电力电缆点燃时间、受热期间涂层对电缆外护套的保护与涂层受热后的形态变化。结果表明,电缆的着火行为与涂层厚度紧密相关。相比于未喷涂防火涂料的电缆,覆有膨胀型高氯化聚乙烯防火涂料的电缆在加热过程中明显膨胀,生成较软的泡沫状碳质层,且引燃时间较长,电缆起火后火势较弱。随着涂层厚度的增加,该涂料对电缆的阻燃和保护效果更为显著,研究结果表明,电缆表面喷涂1.0 mm厚度的防火涂料较为适宜。     

石油测井用中子源辐射屏蔽研究

放射源测井技术是当今石油勘探和开发中必不可少的手段，开展对测井人员的屏蔽防护研究十分必要。将聚乙（丙）烯与碳化硼和氧化铝等以不同比例混合后制成的板材和织物具有良好的热中子、中能中子和快中子屏蔽效果，加工成屏蔽装置后，可使镅－铍源中子的屏蔽率达到６２．０６％，γ射线屏蔽率达到３２．４３％，结合中子辐射防护服和防护围裙等的使用，可较好地解决测井人员的辐射防护问题。     

接地保护与接零保护安全性比较

我国现存标准或规范仍在推荐使用接零保护(TN系统),这是一种人为增大故障电流、以过流保护装置(过流保护断路器或熔断器)对漏电进行防护的方法.在漏电保护器RCD广泛应用的今天,完成漏电防护的首要装置是RCD,而不再是过流保护装置.通过基于RCD的漏电防护水平评价和对本质安全性的综合比较, 得出的结论是接地保护(TT系统)比接零保护(TN系统)更安全.