曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水的研究

曝气物滤池使用了新型的粒状填料,能同时发挥生物降解,过滤和吸附等多种功能。实验结果表明：曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水效果较好,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷为１０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,在０．８ｍ／ｈ、１．４ｍ／ｈ和２．５ｍ／ｈ３种不同水力负荷下ＣＯＤ的出水度分别在５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;     

曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验

曝气生物滤池具有体积小、处理效率高等特点。研究结果表明,曝气生物滤池处理生活污水在０．５３ｍ／ｈ的水力负荷下,ＢＯＤ５、ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ和ＴＮ的平均去除率９５．３％、９２．６％、９６．７％、９１．８５％和８５．１％,平均出水浓度分别为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．７ｍｇ／Ｌ和４．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

锌湿法冶炼废水中锌,镁的连续测定

本文介绍冶炼废水中锌和镁进行了测定方法的实验研究。实验证明：在ｐＨ５．５和ｐＨ１０的两种缓冲介质中，以２．０ｇ／ＬＸＯ指示剂０．１５ｍｇ／Ｌ和５ｇ／ＬＥＢＴ指示剂１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ为指示剂，在掩蔽Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋后，进行ＥＤＴＡ络合滴定，结果准确、可靠，且方法具有简单迅速的优点。     

味精浓度水稀释液厌氧消化—SBR工艺处理

采用ＵＢＦ－ＳＢＲ工艺处理味精浓度水稀释液，ＵＢＦ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ１８９００ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ，有机容积负荷率９．４５ｋｇ（ＣＯＤ）／ｍ＾３．ｄ时，ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去除率为８４．５％，ＳＢＲ段的进水ＣＯＤｃｒ２９５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ３－Ｎ１６７８ｍｇ／Ｌ，曝气６５ｈ，ＤＯ为４～４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，停曝气时ＤＯ在０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＮＨ３－Ｎ的平均去除率分别为９２％和９９．４     

SBR工艺处理焦化污水

本研究采用ＳＢＲ技术处理毒性大、可生化性差的焦化污水。当污水ＣＯＤｏｒ、酚和氰浓度分别为１４００－２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ，２３０－３８０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．９０－３．７６ｍｇ／Ｌ时，经处理后，出水ＣＯＤｏｒ〈２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ（混凝后，ＣＯＤｏｒ〈２００ｍｇ／Ｌ），酚和氰均远低０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＣＯＤｏｒ酚和氰的去除率分别为９１％、９９．８％和９５％，大大高于连续流一化处理焦化污水的效果。试验结果表明，ＳＢＲ系统操     

热带海洋环境中BHC和DDT的行为特征研究：Ⅰ.中国珠江口区旱季BHC…

本文物１９９４年１１月用气相色谱法研究了旱季珠江口区环境中ＢＨＣ和ＤＤＴ的含量与分布。结果表明，表层海水ＢＨＣ含量为０．０８７μｇ／Ｌ，ＤＤＴ为０．０８０μｇ／Ｌ；底层海水ＢＨＣ为０．１１７μｇ／Ｌ，ＤＤＴ为０．５０６μｇ／Ｌ。沉积物ＢＨＣ为１１．１５×１０＾－９（干），ＤＤＴ为３３．４６×１０＾－９（干）。海水中的盐度、ＤＯ、ＣＯＤ与其ＢＨＣ、ＤＤＴ含量之相关性没有规律，沉积物中微生物的含量与Ｂ     

重铬酸钾对方形网纹瑵的毒性研究

研究了在２５℃条件下重铬酸钾对方形网纹涤Ｃｅｒｉｏｄａｐｈｎｉａｑｕａｄｒａｎｇｕｌａ（Ｏ，Ｆ．Ｍｕｌｅｒ）存活、生殖和生长的影响。急性试验求得铬铬酸钾对该僵的２４ｈ和４８ｈＢｃ５０值分别为１．０１７９ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．４１２７ｍｇ／Ｌ；其可信限分别为０．４６９８一１．７１８０ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．１９８０一０．６９８８ｍｇ／Ｌ。慢性试验以存活、生殖和生长为毒性指标，未觉察反应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为０．０６２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，最低觉察反应浓度（ＬＯＥＯ）为０．１２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，其应用系数在０．１５一０．３０之间。流水试验（ＮＯＥＣ）为０．０３１２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，（ＬＯＥＣ）为０．０６２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，其应用系数在０．０８一０．１５之间。结果还表明生长是最敏感的指标。     

模拟N、P污水对水稻幼苗过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的影响

以水稻为材料，研究了不同浓度的模拟Ｎ、Ｐ污水对幼苗过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ，ＥＣ１．１１．１．７）和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯｏＤ，ＥＣ１．１５．１．１）及其同工酶等的影响，结果表明：在总氮浓度（Ｎｒ）为０─９０ｍｇ／Ｌ和总磷浓度（Ｐ＿Ｔ）为０─９ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，ＰＯＤ与Ｎ、Ｐ浓度呈正相关，Ｎ＿Ｔ超过９０ｍｇ／Ｌ和Ｐ＿Ｔ超过９ｍｇ／Ｌ这一阈值后呈下降趋势，ＮＴ在０─１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ和Ｐ＿Ｔ在０─１２ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，ＳＯＤ，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）与Ｎ、Ｐ浓度呈显著正相关；Ｎ、Ｐ能诱导产生新的同工酶带，苗高、可溶性蛋白分别与Ｎ、Ｐ浓度呈显著负相关．     

邻苯二甲酸酯的生物降解研究

从处理焦化废水的活性污泥中,通过富集驯化培养,平板划线纯化,分离出了５株能有效降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）的菌株。利用摇瓶实验,对各菌株的降解能力进行了比较,研究了菌株的生长特性和降解过程动力学。结果表明,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的生物降解过程可用Ｍｏｎｏｄ方程描述,其动力学参数μｍ和Ｋｓ分别为０．４ｈ＾－１和２８ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

不安全厌氧—好氧同反应器工艺处理印染废水的研究

不完全厌氧一好氧同反应器工艺是通过时段切换在同一反应器内实现印染废水处理的过程。结果表明，反应器体积为３０Ｌ，水力停留时间为１２ｈ总ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达８５％，总ＢＯＤ５达９４．３％，总色度为８７．５％，处理出水ＣＯＤｃｒ为１４０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＯＤ５为８ｍｇ／Ｌ，色度为５０倍，达到了国家二级排放标准，实验表明，经厌氧时间段后，ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤｃｒ由０．１５提高到０．３７，色度由４００倍降至５０倍，为好     

铜绿假单胞菌对DBP的降解特性研究

采用小容量全萃取方法,研究了1株铜绿假单胞菌对BDP的降解特性.结果表明,该菌株对DBP具有高效降解能力,当DBP浓度为400 mg/L,投菌量为2 g/L时,t_1/2为3.60　d;其降解过程完全符合一级反应动力学.DBP作为该菌生长的唯一碳源时,其降解过程包括快速生物吸附、解析、降解等几个阶段.实验还确认了存在邻苯二甲酸单丁酯和邻苯二甲酸2种中间产物,从而验证了DBP在双加氧水解酶作用下2步水解变为邻苯二甲酸的历程.     

饱和带有机污染物的厌氧反硝化微生物降解

以卤代烃和芳香烃为代表,通过室内实验模拟饱和带厌氧反硝化环境,对地下饱和带中有机污染物的厌氧反硝化可生物降解性,降解机理,降解动力学方程等进行了研究。实验结果表明,芳香烃较卤代烃易被微生物降解,在有低学葡萄糖存在时有 机物的最大生物降解速率Ｃ６Ｈ６：Ｌｍａｘ＝１７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,Ｃ７Ｈ８：Ｌｍａｘ＝４６ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＣｌ４;Ｌｍａｘ＝７ｍｇ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）,ＣＨＣｌ３：Ｌｍａｘ＝６     

Modified landfill gas generation rate model of first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction

This investigation was carried out to establish a new domestic landfill gas (LFG) generation rate model that takes into account the impact of leachate recirculation. The first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction (FKTSR) model of the LFG generation rate includes mechanisms of the nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main stages. In this study, the FKTSR model was modified by the introduction of the outflow function and the organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through leachate. Laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and verify the modified FKTSR model. The model calibration was then calculated by using the experimental data. The results suggested that the new model was in line with the experimental data. The main parameters of the modified FKTSR model, including the LFG production potential (L ₀), the reaction rate constant in the first stage (K ₁), and the reaction rate constant in the second stage (K ₂) of 64.746 L, 0.202 d⁻¹, and 0.338 d⁻¹, respectively, were comparable to the old ones of 42.069 L, 0.231 d⁻¹, and 0.231 d⁻¹. The new model is better able to explain the mechanisms involved in LFG generation.     

Utilizing surfactants to control the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of phenanthrene in soil-water system

An integrative technology including the surfactant enhanced sorption and subsequentdesorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the soil-water system was introduced and tested. For slightly contaminated agricultural soils, cationic-nonionic mixed surfactant- enhanced sorption of organic contaminants onto soils could reduce their transfer to plants, therefore safe-guarding agricultural production. After planting, residual surfactants combined with added nonionic surfactant could also promote thedesorption and biodegradation of residual phenanthrene, thus providing a cost-effective pollution remediation technology.0ur results showed that the cationic-nonionic mixed surfactantsdodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB) and Triton X-100 (TX100) significantly enhanced soil retention of phenanthrene. The maximum sorption coefficient Kd* of phenanthrene for contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants was about24.5 times that of soils without surfactant (Kd ) and higher than the combined effects of DDPB and TX100 individually, which was about 16.7 and 1.5 times Kd , respectively.0n the other hand, TX100 could effectively remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils treated by mixed surfactants, improving the bioavailability of organic pollutants. Thedesorption rates of phenanthrene from these treated soils were greater than 85% with TX100 concentration above2000 mg/L and approached 100% with increasing TX100 concentration. The biodegradation rates of phenanthrene in the presence of surfactants reached over 95% in30days. The mixed surfactants promoted the biodegradation of phenanthrene to some extent in 10-22days, and had no obvious impact on phenanthrene biodegradation at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study provide some insight for the production of safe agricultural products and a remediation scheme for soils slightly contaminated with organic pollutants.     

恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚系统的降解动力学研究

对恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida LY1）共代谢降解苯酚和4-氯苯酚（4-CP）系统进行了降解实验和动力学研究.结果表明,恶臭假单胞菌可以有效地降解苯酚,苯酚浓度为50mg·L-1时细菌生长速度最快,4-氯苯酚浓度的增加会对细菌产生一定的抑制作用.同时,用改进的Haldane方程模拟恶臭假单胞菌LY...     

Effects of metal ions on the catalytic degradation of dicofol by cellulase

A new technique whereby cellulase immobilized on aminated silica was applied to catalyze the degradation of dicofol, an organochlorine pesticide. In order to evaluate the performance of free and immobilized cellulase, experiments were carried out to measure the degradation efficiency. The Michaelis constant, K_m, of the reaction catalyzed by immobilized cellulase was 9.16 mg/L, and the maximum reaction rate, V_max, was 0.40 mg/L/min, while that of free cellulase was K_m = 8.18 mg/L, and V_max = 0.79 mg/L/min, respectively. The kinetic constants of catalytic degradation were calculated to estimate substrate affinity. Considering that metal ions may affect enzyme activity, the effects of different metal ions on the catalytic degradation efficiency were explored. The results showed that the substrate affinity decreased after immobilization. Monovalent metal ions had no effect on the reaction, while divalent metal ions had either positive or inhibitory effects, including activation by Mn^2 +, reversible competition with Cd^2 +, and irreversible inhibition by Pb^2 +. Ca^2 + promoted the catalytic degradation of dicofol at low concentrations, but inhibited it at high concentrations. Compared with free cellulase, immobilized cellulase was affected less by metal ions. This work provided a basis for further studies on the co-occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and heavy metal ions in the environment.     

酚在饱水亚砂土层中迁移转化的研究

通过静态吸附实验,静态降解实验和动态土柱实验,研究了苯酚在饱和亚砂土层中的吸附性能,在好氧和厌氧条件下的降解性能以及其他有机物和氮,磷等营养元素对苯酚降解过程的影响;实验结果用计算机进行线性拟合和参数估值,求解出分配系数Ｋｄ＝０．１１２ｃｍ＾３／ｇ和降解系数Ｋ＝０．５５ｄ＾－１。研究表明,苯酚在亚砂土层中的吸附性能较差,在好氧条件下具有很好的降解性能,而在厌氧条件下,其降解性能极差,营养元素氮,磷     

Inhibition factors and Kinetic model for ammonium inhibition on the anammox process of the SNAD biofilm

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) biofilm with different substrate concentrations and pH values. Kaldnes rings taken from the SNAD biofilm reactor were incubated in batch tests to determine the anammox activity. Haldane model was applied to investigate the ammonium inhibition on anammox process. As for nitrite inhibition, the NH₄⁺-N removal rate of anammox process remained 87.4% of the maximum rate with the NO₂⁻-N concentration of 100 mg/L. Based on the results of Haldane model, no obvious difference in kinetic coefficients was observed under high or low free ammonia (FA) conditions, indicating that ammonium rather than FA was the true inhibitor for anammox process of SNAD biofilm. With the pH value of 7.0, the r_max, Ks and K_I of ammonium were 0.209 kg NO₂⁻-N/kg VSS/day, 9.5 mg/L and 422 mg/L, respectively. The suitable pH ranges for anammox process were 5.0 to 9.0. These results indicate that the SNAD biofilm performs excellent tolerance to adverse conditions.     

Brown marine algae turbinaria conoides as biosorbent for Malachite green removal: Equilibrium and kinetic modeling

In this study, the biosorption of Malachite green (MG) onto Turbinaria conoides, brown marine algae, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and sorbent dosage. The optimum initial pH and temperature values for MG removal were found to be 8.0 and 30°C, respectively. Sorbent dosage was found to strongly influence the removal of MG. Equilibrium studies were carried out to test the validity of the Langmuir (q _max = 66.6 mg/g and b = 0.526 mL mol/L) and the Freundlich (n = 1.826 and K = 3.751 mg/g) isotherms. The kinetic studies indicated the validity of the pseudo first-order and second-order equation.     

MBR污水处理工艺中活性污泥动力学参数测定

缺乏可靠的污泥动力学设计参数是膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）工艺在实际应用中遇到的主要问题之一.以某座处理城市污水的实际规模MBR工程的好氧活性污泥为对象,采用耗氧速率表征方法,测定计算得到以下动力学参数值：异养菌产率系数Y_H＝0.693、自养菌产率系数Y_A＝0.263、异养菌衰减系数K_dH＝0.108 d^-1、自养菌衰减系数K_dA＝0.089 d^-1、COD最大比去除速率v_mS＝1.94 mg·(mg·d)^-1、COD去除半饱和常数K_S＝34.6 mg·L^-1、氨氮最大比去除速率v_mN＝0.18 mg·(mg·d)^-1、氨氮去除半饱和常数K_N＝1.06 mg·L^-1.以上结果与传统活性污泥法工艺（CAS）中污泥的文献报道值相比,Y_H和K_dH较高,而v_mS和v_mN较低.MBR的高污泥浓度条件可能是导致上述差异出现的主要原因.