TCP的污泥减量效果及其对出水水质的长期影响

向倒置A2/O中试系统中投加2,4,5-三氯苯酚(TCP),研究TCP对污泥的减量效果及进入处理系统后对系统出水水质长期影响。研究结果表明:与参照组相比,加药组投加TCP 2 mg/L时,污泥减量达62.5%,出水TN比参照组平均高0.8 mg/L,137 d后出水TP超过0.5 mg/L。TCP对污泥的减量效果好,需要加除磷药剂进行辅助除磷。     

基于正交实验的A~2/O工艺运行方式优化

采用GPS-X软件构建了南方某城市污水处理厂A~2/O工艺数学模型,并对模型参数进行调整,通过静态模拟和动态模拟验证了该模型的可靠性。以A~2/O工艺对TN、TP的去除效果为考察指标,利用所建立的模型对A~2/O工艺运行中的混合液回流比(MLR)、污泥回流比(RAS)、好氧池溶解氧(DO)、系统SRT进行了单因素分析和正交试验分析。单因素试验结果表明:当DO为1.5 mg/L,MLR为400%,RAS为110%,系统SRT为22 d时,TN去除效果最佳;当DO为1.1 mg/L,MLR为150%,RAS为60%,系统SRT为12 d时,TP去除效果最好。由正交试验结果可知:MLR对TN、TP去除效果影响显著;RAS对TP去除效果影响显著。A~2/O工艺脱氮除磷的最佳运行参数为:MLR为350%,RAS为90%,DO为1.2 mg/L,系统SRT为20 d。在此条件下,出水TN浓度能达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准要求。     

溶解氧对膜生物反应器处理高氨氮废水的影响

采用膜生物反应器(MBR)处理高氨氮有机废水,探讨了溶解氧(DO)对有机物、氨氮、总氮等去除效果的影响。当进水COD1500mg/L,NH4+-N150mg/L,TP为15mg/L,pH7.5～8.0,MLSS控制在6000～7000mg/L,DO在0.5～4mg/L时对COD的去除效果没有明显影响,都可高达95%;在DO为4.0和2.0mg/L时对NH4+-N的去除率都很高,最高可达99.17%,在DO为0.5mg/L时明显降低,最低降至48.30%。在DO2.0mg/L时,取得了较好的同步硝化反硝化效果,COD、NH4+-N、TN去除率分别高达97%、97%、68%。MBR中硝化反应的比氨氮消耗速率与氨氮浓度成零级反应动力学,比氨氮硝化速率为0.0979/d,比常规处理系统中的污泥硝化活性高。     

同步亚硝化/反硝化除磷的调控因子及菌群分析

针对碳源偏低的城市污水,文章采用厌氧/限氧的连续流活性污泥反应器,控制水力停留时间为14 h,污泥回流比为1,COD为80～180 mg/L、TP为8.95～12.25 mg/L、NH_4~+-N为30～33.5 mg/L,考察溶解氧(DO)和二沉池沉淀时间对亚硝化/反硝化同步反应的影响,并对系统微生物菌群进行研究分析。结果表明,污泥中AOB与NDPAOs 2种菌群属类的配比为1.113时,DO范围在0.4～0.7 mg/L,二沉池沉淀时间为3 h,A/OLA连续流中亚硝化和反硝化2个生化反应平衡,脱氮除磷效果最佳,TP的去除率为98.32%,TN的去除率为98.61%。     

污水生化过程后置化学辅助除磷的实验研究

在城市污水生物处理过程中,投加化学药剂有助于出水的磷达标,但化学辅助除磷的效果受多种因素影响。针对投加位置、污泥浓度、温度、p H值、DO对后置化学辅助除磷效果的影响开展实验研究,有助于后置化学辅助除磷过程的优化控制。结果表明:在二沉池前投加混凝剂的方式TP去除率较高;在温度、p H值、DO一定条件下,TP去除率与投加量均呈现显著线性正相关,和污泥浓度无关;温度对TP去除率有影响,温度低于18℃时TP去除率较高;p H值对TP去除率有影响,p H为7.0~8.0时TP去除率较高;DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量越大,TP去除率越高,但当DO1 mg/L时,混凝剂投加量与TP去除率没有明显关系。     

双污泥BCR反硝化同步脱氮除磷的试验研究

利用连续流双污泥生物澄清反应器(BCR)反硝化除磷系统,以模拟城市生活污水为处理对象,研究双污泥系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN的去除效果及不同NO3--N浓度对反硝化除磷的影响。试验结果表明:双污泥BCR反硝化除磷系统对COD、NH4+-N和TN具有良好的去除效果,平均去除率分别为83.22%、97.2%、75.47%。控制生物膜好氧硝化反应池中DO浓度为3、4、5 mg/L,池内NO3--N浓度分别达到22、30、38 mg/L,TP的平均出水浓度分别为2.11、0.96、2.69 mg/L。当硝化池中NO3--N浓度为30 mg/L时,系统的运行情况较好,出水TP的浓度相对较理想。     

污泥浓度对双重后置反硝化工艺脱氮除磷的影响

利用城市实际污水考察了ρ(MLSS)在2 400、3 350、4 300和5 250 mg/L 4种工况下SBR反应器(厌氧/好氧/缺氧/再好氧/沉淀/排水/预缺氧运行模式)的脱氮除磷效果,并分析了反应器单个周期内有机物、氮和磷的转化过程及污泥产量. 结果表明:ρ(MLSS)由2 400 mg/L升至5 250 mg/L时,系统TN去除率由52.5%升至66.6%;后续缺氧及预缺氧工序的脱氮比例(该工序TN去除量占系统TN总去除量的比例)由12.7%增至23.1%;ρ(MLSS)为4 300 mg/L时系统TP去除率(75.6%)达到最大. 后续缺氧及预缺氧工序中,ρ(MLSS)与内源反硝化速率呈正相关(R2=0.703 7);提高ρ(MLSS)可使PAOs(聚磷菌)在下一个周期内获得更多的碳源,使厌氧释磷量由1.62 mg/L升至9.10 mg/L,但PAOs吸磷动力会减弱,对除磷不利. 在后置反硝化、污泥衰减、能量解偶联等减量机制共同作用下,ρ(MLSS)为4 300 mg/L时系统污泥减量可提高24.4%. 从脱氮除磷及污泥减量效果综合考虑,ρ(MLSS)是双重后置反硝化工艺重要的控制参数,在该研究条件下控制在4 300 mg/L最优.      

好氧池DO分级对改良A~2O工艺的影响研究

分级设置改良A2O工艺中两级好氧池的溶解氧(DO),并对工艺脱氮、除磷能力进行了研究。当两级好氧池DO浓度均保持在约2.0 mg/L时,TN去除率为51.7%、TP去除率为75.6%,COD去除率为77.3%。适当降低好氧池1的DO浓度至约1.0 mg/L、好氧池2的DO浓度约2.0 mg/L时,脱氮除磷能力均增强,分别达到56.3%和77.5%,COD去除率77.5%。既提高了工艺对氮磷及有机污染物的去除效率,同时也降低了工艺运行时的曝气强度。保持好氧池1的DO浓度约1.0 mg/L、进一步升高好氧池2的DO浓度至约3.0 mg/L时,TN去除率降至42.2%、TP去除率进一步升高至82.1%,COD去除率也有所升高,达到80.4%。因此,两级好氧池DO梯度设置还可作为应对不同进水水质时,调节改良A2O工艺脱氮或除磷侧重能力的一种手段。     

城市污水脱氮除磷中试研究及其影响因素分析

采用改良A2/O工艺对城市污水进行中试研究,研究了反应系统对各个污染物的去除效果,并考察了温度、DO和混合液回流比对生物脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明:系统稳定运行的情况下,出水COD、TN和氨氮达GB 18918—2002的一级A标准,出水TP达一级B标准。系统对COD、TN、氨氮和TP的平均去除率分别为91%、68%、77.3%和80.6%。温度和DO对COD和TP的去除效果影响较小,对TN和氨氮则影响较大。温度在26.5℃时,对氮的去除效果最好。为保证系统脱氮除磷均能高效进行,DO应控制在2～4 mg/L,混合液回流比取1.5。     

烟草废水溶氧-好氧池出水COD浓度模型研究

该文采用BioWin模拟软件对烟草废水生化反应阶段进行仿真模拟,探究DO、混合液回流比、污泥回流量等条件对出水水质的影响。结果表明,烟草废水生化反应阶段最佳溶解氧浓度为2 mg/L,最佳混合液回流比为150%,最佳污泥回流量为90 mg/L。在上述工艺优化参数条件下,通过模拟废水实验验证,反应器出水COD基本稳定在260 mg/L左右,出水TN基本稳定在20 mg/L左右,出水TP基本稳定在10 mg/L左右,均满足工序的达标出水浓度。该文基于模型研究提出了烟草废水处理的最佳运行工艺参数条件,有助于提高烟草废水处理系统的污染物去除效率和运行稳定性。     

Enhancing sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching approach with comparison to other physical and chemical conditioning methods

The sewage sludge conditioning process is critical to improve the sludge dewaterability prior to mechanical dewatering. Traditionally, sludge is conditioned by physical or chemical approaches, mostly with the addition of inorganic or organic chemicals. Here we report that bioleaching, an efficient and economical microbial method for the removal of sludge-borne heavy metals, also plays a significant role in enhancing sludge dewaterability. The effects of bioleaching and physical or chemical approaches on sludge dewaterability were compared. The conditioning result of bioleaching by Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans on sludge dewatering was investigated and compared with the effects of hydrothermal (121℃ for 2 hr), microwave (1050 W for 50 sec), ultrasonic (250 W for 2 min), and chemical conditioning (24% ferric chloride and 68% calcium oxide; dry basis). The results show that the specific resistance to filtration (SRF) or capillary suction time (CST) of sludge is decreased by 93.1% or 74.1%, respectively, after fresh sludge is conditioned by bioleaching, which is similar to chemical conditioning treatment with ferric chloride and calcium oxide but much more effective than other conditioning approaches including hydrothermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditioning. Furthermore, after sludge dewatering, bioleached sludge filtrate contains the lowest concentrations of chroma (18 times), COD (542 mg/L), total N (TN, 300 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (208 mg/L), and total P (TP, 2 mg/L) while the hydrothermal process resulted in the highest concentration of chroma (660 times), COD (18,155 mg/L), TN (472 mg/L), NH₄⁺-N (381 mg/L), and TP (191 mg/L) among these selected conditioning methods. Moreover, unlike chemical conditioning, sludge bioleaching does not result in a significant reduction of organic matter, TN, and TP in the resulting dewatered sludge cake. Therefore, considering sludge dewaterability and the chemical properties of sludge filtrate and resulting dewatered sludge cakes, bioleaching has potential as an approach for improving sludge dewaterability and reducing the cost of subsequent reutilization or disposal of dewatered sludge.     

EGSB-MBR组合工艺处理糖蜜发酵废水效能研究

实验采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)反应器与好氧膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺对糖蜜发酵废水进行处理.重点考察了组合工艺对发酵废水的处理效能,包括甲烷的产生效率、污染物(COD、NH4+-N和TN)的去除效能.实验结果表明:控温条件下[(35±1)℃]、进水COD约为2250mg/L、pH在为6.0左右时,EGSB对发酵废水的COD去除率可达75.6%,甲烷的容积产气速率为0.48m3/(m3·d).MBR在溶解氧(DO)为1~2mg/L左右时,采用曝气-搅拌交替运行方式处理EGSB出水,可以实现同步硝化反硝化,并且在曝气3h-搅拌1h交替运行条件下,NH4+-N、TN去除率分别为85.13%、58.57%,而最终COD去除率达到85%.     

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal under low dissolved oxygen conditions

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融合菌-活性污泥联合曝气吸附处理重金属铬

研究了融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥联合曝气处理含铬废水的生物吸附性能。结果表明,融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥联合曝气对铬具有良好的处理效果,投加10g/L菌体、6g/L污泥,处理50mg/L的铬液,还原率可达83.26%,去除率达72.04%。该吸附剂对处理酸性含铬废水具有很大的潜力,在pH=1￣5时,还原率均>80%,去除率均>70%;溶解氧是影响该吸附过程的一个重要参数,当DO=2￣4mg/L时,生物吸附效果较好,还原率达到75%以上,去除率也超过65%;融合菌RHJ-004与活性污泥对六价铬的联合吸附可用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型描述,但Freundlich模型的拟合效果更好。     

Novel strategy of nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using pilot Orbal oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale Orbed oxidation ditch was operated for 17 months to optimize nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater of average COD to total nitrogen ratio of 2.7, with particular concern about the roles of dissolved oxygen （DO）, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and return activated sludge （RAS） recycle ratio. Remarkable simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） was observed and mean total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency up to 72.1% was steadily achieved, at DO concentration in the out, middle and inner channel of 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, with an average M LSS of 5.5 g/L and RAS recycle ratio of 150%. Although the out channel took the major role in TN removal, the role of middle channel should never be ignored. The denitrification potential could be fully developed under low DO, high MLSS with adequate RAS ratio. The sludge settleability was amazingly improved under low DO operation mode, and some explanations were tried. In addition, a scries of simplified batch tests were done to determine whether novel microorganisms could make substantial contribution to the performance of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that the SND observed in this Orbal oxidation ditch was more likely a physical phenomenon.     

A2O工艺处理生活污水短程硝化反硝化的研究

在常温条件下,采用A2O工艺处理低C/N比实际生活污水,通过控制好氧区DO为0.3~0.5mg/L以及增大系统内回流比以降低好氧实际水力停留时间(AHRT),成功启动并维持了短程硝化反硝化;系统亚硝态氮积累率稳定维持在90%左右.在C/N比仅为2.34的情况下,短程硝化系统对总氮(TN)的去除率高达75.4%.通过对不同碳源类型、不同硝化类型以及不同DO水平下A2O系统脱氮效率的比较研究发现,低氧短程硝化反硝化阶段与外加碳源的全程硝化反硝化阶段的TN去除率相当.同时研究表明,低DO运行并不会导致A2O工艺发生污泥膨胀.当接种污泥为膨胀污泥时,控制DO在0.3~0.5mg/L反而有助于改善污泥沉降性能和出水水质.     

A novel approach to treat combined domestic wastewater and excess sludge in MBR

Domestic wastewater was treated by combined anaerobic biofilm-aerobic membrane bioreactor(MBR) process, and part biomass in MBR was withdrawn, to treat with ozone, then the ozonated sludge was returned to anaerobic inlet. In aerobic MBR, MLSS and DO were controlled at 3000—3500 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L respectively. Comparing the experimental results of two stages, it was noticed that ozonation did not affect the removal efficiency for organics but had a significant influence on the removals of NHs-N and TN. During the ozonation period of two months, no excess sludge was wasted, and a zero sludge yield was obtained.