改性膨润土对水中蒽的吸附和解吸

分别用长碳链季铵盐阳离子型表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵（HDTMAB）、短碳链季铵盐阳离子型表面活性剂四甲铵化溴（TMAB）及非离子型表面活性剂聚乙二醇（PEG）对天然膨润土进行改性。比较了不同类型改性膨润土对水中蒽的吸附性能，探讨了吸附机理。实验结果表明，天然膨润土及改性膨润土对水中蒽的吸附能力依次为HDTMAB改性膨润土〉PEG改性膨润土〉TMAB改性膨润土〉天然膨润土；吸附等温线均是直线，说明该吸附行为是分配作用的结果。不同蒽初始质量浓度下，各种改性膨润土对蒽的吸附量由大至小的顺序为HDTMAB改性膨润土〉PEG改性膨润土〉TMAB改性膨润土，而天然膨润土对蒽的吸附量随蒽初始质量浓度的变化很小。改性膨润土加入量为30～80g/L时，各种改性膨润土对水中蒽的去除率均可达到90％以上，且解吸率均在5％以下。     

煤矸石的改性及其对稀土生产废水中氨氮的吸附

采用热改性、盐酸改性、硫酸改性、碱改性的方法分别制备了4种改性煤矸石吸附剂,研究了吸附工艺条件对4种改性煤矸石吸附剂对稀土生产废水中氨氮去除效果的影响以及吸附机理.实验结果表明:4种改性煤矸石吸附剂吸附氨氮的最佳工艺条件为:吸附剂加入量0.02 g/mL,振荡时间2.5 h,废水pH 7～8;4种吸附剂氨氮去除率大小顺序为:碱改性煤矸石＞硫酸改性煤矸石＞盐酸改性煤矸石＞热改性煤矸石;碱改性煤矸石的氨氮去除率最高,为59.19％;碱改性煤矸石吸附剂对含氨废水中氨氮的吸附较好地符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程,在一定程度上符合Temkin方程.     

废陶瓷的表面改性及其吸附性能

以十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂,对废陶瓷进行表面改性,使改性后的废陶瓷粒具有疏水性表而.考察了改性废陶瓷粒对工业废水的有机物去除作用以及对染料废水的脱色作用.实验结果表明,在改性废陶瓷粒径为1 -4 mm、改性废陶瓷加入量为500 g/L、吸附时间为30 min的条件下,造纸废水的COD去除率可达42％,亚甲基蓝溶液的...     

水热法表面改性陶粒及其对水中磷的吸附性能

采用水热法制备碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒,对改性陶粒表面进行了表征,研究了改性陶粒对废水中磷的吸附效果。表征结果显示,改性后陶粒形貌更规则,比表面积增加,有机官能团种类增多。吸附实验结果表明,碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒在初始磷质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH分别为6和5、陶粒投加量为0.03 mg/L的条件下,于35℃下吸附8 h,磷的去除率分别达到97.28%和93.10%,剩余磷质量浓度分别为0.136 mg/L和0.345 mg/L;Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程更适合描述两种改性陶粒对磷的吸附过程,且改性后陶粒均具有良好的解吸能力,解吸率随解吸剂浓度的增加而增大。     

NaOH改性活性炭的表面特征及吸附甲醛的性能

研究了NaOH改性活性炭(AC)的表面官能团变化特征及其吸附甲醛的性能.实验结果表明:改性AC表面的羧基、酚羟基、内酯基等官能团均与NaOH发生化学反应;质量分数为30%的NaOH溶液对AC表面的清洗作用最大,能将AC表面的杂质基本清除,此时AC表面羧基、酚羟基、内酯基和羰基浓度均达到最大;NaOH溶液质量分数为30%时,改性AC吸附甲醛的效果最好;改性AC表面酚羟基浓度的大小与改性AC吸附甲醛气体穿透时间的长短呈正比.     

改性橙皮静态吸附模拟废水中的Pb2+

采用异丙醇溶液改性橙皮,考察了模拟废水中初始Pb2+质量浓度、废水pH、改性橙皮加入量和吸附时间等因素对改性橙皮对模拟废水中的Pb2+吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,在初始Pb2+质量浓度为20 mg/L、废水pH为4、改性橙皮加入量为8 g/L、吸附时间为80 min的条件下,改性橙皮对废水中Pb2+的去除率可达88.41%。经浓度为0.1 mol/L的HCl溶液再生后,改性橙皮再生循环使用4次时效果仍较好。改性橙皮对Pb2+的吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程很好地描述。改性橙皮对Pb2+的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,表明改性橙皮对Pb2+的吸附以单分子层吸附为主。     

负载金属改性活性炭纤维的脱硫性能

采用浸渍法将金属负载到活性炭纤维(ACF)上对其进行改性,研究了负载金属改性ACF对模型油(二苯并噻吩-正辛烷)的吸附脱硫效果,对比了不同单金属和复合金属盐改性ACF的脱硫性能。实验结果表明:Ag和Zn复合改性的ACF具有最好的脱硫性能;在吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为2.5 h,油剂质量比为21.5的优化条件下,脱硫率高达97.55%,且具有良好的重复利用性。     

改性兰炭末对硝基苯生产废水的吸附处理

采用H_2O_2溶液对兰炭末进行改性,并将改性后的兰炭末用于硝基苯生产废水(COD为560 mg/L)的吸附处理。对改性前后的兰炭末进行了表征,考察了吸附效果的影响因素,并对吸附前后改性兰炭末的燃烧热进行了测定。表征结果显示,兰炭末经改性后比表面积和孔径均增大。实验结果表明:在改性兰炭末投加量为0.2 g/m L、吸附时间为180 min、吸附温度为30℃的条件下,废水的COD去除率为93.4%,处理出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中规定的排放标准;改性兰炭末对废水中COD的吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温吸附模型;吸附后的改性兰炭末燃烧热值增大。     

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Thermal Characterization of Biofilms Based on Starch Modified by Fungi Isolates

Starches modified by Ophiostoma spp. have been investigated to develop bio-materials with enhanced mechanical and physical properties for thermoplastic applications. In this study, glass transition temperature (T_g) of modified starches was investigated in both dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to detect molecular changes in the starch’s structure. Overall, two thermal transitions were observed in modified starches, as opposed to one in their native counterparts. Scanning electron microscopy of granular modified starch indicated visible damages and internal structural perturbations in addition to occlusion of granular pores by extraneous materials owing to possible enzymatic degradation and production of secondary metabolites. Modified starches registered two-fold improvement in storage modulus as compared to that of native starches. From the study of second derivative of the mass loss against temperature, two thermal transitions were also identified in modified starches. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that crystalline regions of the starch granules remained intact after the modification. It is proposed that the second phase transition potentially corresponds to modified amylose fractions and/or exopolysaccharides produced by the fungi.     

白腐菌改性的中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能

以白腐菌的典型菌种黄孢原毛平革菌为改性菌种，对中药渣进行改性处理，研究了改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。采用SEM技术对改性中药渣进行表征。研究了废水pH、改性中药渣加入量、吸附温度和吸附时间对Cr（Ⅵ）吸附效果的影响。表征结果显示，中药渣经过改性后表面出现许多孔隙，比表面积增大，为吸附Cr（Ⅵ）提供了更多的吸附位。实验结果表明：在初始Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度50 mg/L、改性中药渣加入量5 g/L、废水pH 2、吸附温度45 ℃、吸附时间20 h的条件下，改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率达99.5%，吸附量可达9.82 mg/g；改性中药渣对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程；准二级动力学方程能很好地对改性中药渣吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的数据进行拟合。     

铁-镍交联改性膨润土的制备及应用

以钠基膨润土为原料，制备了铁-镍无机交联、铁-镍有机交联系列改性膨润土，比较了二者对废水的COD、色度、浊度和废水中Cr^6＋的去除效果；考察了改性嘭润土加入量、pH、搅拌时间等因素对实验结果的影响。结果表明，铁-镍有机交联改性嘭润土对Cr^6＋的去除效果明显好于铁-镍无机交联改性膨润土，对COD的去除效果略好于铁-镍无机交联改性膨润土；铁-镍无机交联改性膨润土对废水浊度的去除效果略好于铁-镍有机交联改性膨润土；二者对色度的去除效果相当。吸附行为符合Langmuir方程。     

Removal of Oil from Water by Calcium Alginate Hydrogel Modified with Maleic Anhydride

Calcium alginate hydrogel was prepared and used as a biosorbent for the removal of oil from aqueous solutions. Calcium alginate hydrogel was further chemically modified by esterification with maleic anhydride. The changes in the physicochemical properties of maleic anhydride modified calcium alginate were investigated via multiple techniques (FTIR, SEM, BET and DSC/TGA). Adsorption batch experiments were carried out to compare the oil adsorption capacities of native and modified calcium alginates. Adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of solution pH, temperature and ionic strength to determine the optimal conditions for the adsorption of oil. Equilibrium and kinetic studies were conducted for the modified alginate. Results revealed that the maleic anhydride modification of calcium alginate improved its adsorption capacity towards oil. Higher adsorption capacities of modified alginate were attained at lower temperatures (20 °C), higher ionic strengths (1.0 M NaCl) and within the pH range of 5–9. The oil adsorption data obtained for modified alginate could be better described by the first order kinetic model (R²?=?0.981) and the BET equilibrium isotherm (R²?=?0.984). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity predicted by the BET model for the modified calcium alginate was found to be 143.0 mg/g.     

Modification of Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Recycled PET by Vinyl Acetate (VAc) Monomer Grafting Using Gamma Irradiation

Vinyl acetate (VAc) monomer of different percentage was grafted onto the recycled polyethylene terephthalate (r-PET) films using gamma irradiation. The properties of these modified films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties testing (Tensile strength, Elongation at break), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The Tensile Strength (TS) of the modified PET film increased by 132.25?% to the highest value of 50.12 MPa at 15% VAc monomer concentration at 3 kGy gamma dose, while the elongation at break (EB) decreased by 31.83?%. FTIR was used to investigate the molecular interaction of the modified films. TGA revealed that curve of the modified PET film shifted toward higher temperature region by 95?°C, which is very close to that of PET film made from virgin flakes. The results indicate that modified PET films of better mechanical and thermal properties were successfully prepared using VAc monomer grafting by gamma irradiation technique.     

Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide Modified Kaolin as a Reinforcing Filler for Natural Rubber

Cure characteristics, Mooney viscosity and physico-mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) containing CTAB modified kaolin have been studied. NR mix containing 6 phr (parts per hundred part rubber) of CTAB modified kaolin showed significant increases in cure rate and state of cure as compared to gum NR compound and a mix containing the same amount of unmodified kaolin. Lower Mooney viscosity of the NR mix containing CTAB modified kaolin suggested improved processability. Reinforcing effect of CTAB modified kaolin in NR was evident from higher chemical crosslink density index, tensile modulus, hardness, tensile strength and tear strength. Besides, the NR vulcanizate containing 6 phr of CTAB modified kaolin showed lower abrasion loss and heat build-up which could be beneficial for applications such as tire treads.     

Effective Removing of Remazol Black B by the Polyacrylamide Cryogels Modified with Polyethyleneimine

In this study, modified polyacrylamide (PAAm) cryogels with high dye holding capacity were synthesized with an easily and cheaply process and adsorption of Remazol Black B (RBB) with the synthesized materials was investigated. Firstly, PAAm cryogels were synthesized with free radical cryo-copolymerization method and they were modified with Hofmann reaction to form amine groups in the structure of the cyrogels. Then, to increase the removal efficiency of cryogels, polyethylenimine (PEI) molecules were crosslinked onto the cryogels via NH₂ groups present in the PAAm gels modified by the Hofmann reaction. The original and modified cryogels were characterized with fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The point of zero charge (pH_pzc) of the modified cryogels was found to be 7.13 and RBB removing capabilities of PEI-modified PAAm cryogels were investigated at pH between 2 and 7. In addition, the adsorption treatments were performed at different process time, incubation temperature, initial dye concentration and adsorbent amount to find maximum removal capacity of the adsorbent. The modified cryogels adsorbed maximum amount of RBB at pH 2 and the sorption process reached equilibrium in 6 h. It was observed that the adsorption efficiency did not change much with the increase in temperature. The maximum RBB removal capacity of the modified cyrogels was determined to be 201 mg/g when the initial RBB concentration was 200 mg/L, treatment time was 6 h at pH 2. Moreover, the adsorption of RBB dye with the modified cryogels takes place with a second order kinetic and RBB dye adsorption data showed compliance with the Langmuir isotherm. The findings of the study expose that the obtained PEI-modified PAAm cryogels are a hopeful material for RBB removal in aqueous environment.

     

用碳纳米管-纳米TiO2/Nafion修饰电极测定对苯二酚

利用Nation(商品名,杜邦公司生产的一种聚四氟乙烯阳离子交换膜)的成膜作用,将纳米TiO2和碳纳米管同时负载到玻碳电极表面,制得碳纳米管-纳米TiO2/Nafion修饰电极,研究了对苯二酚在该修饰电极上的循环伏安电化学行为.实验结果表明:与玻碳电极相比,该修饰电极在对苯二酚的0.1 mol/L H2SO4溶液体系中...     

酒石酸改性活性炭对烟气脱硝钴氨吸收液中Co~(3+)的催化还原

废气中的NO和SO2可通过钴氨吸收液去除,但钴氨吸收液中的Co~(2+)易被氧化成Co~(3+)而失去脱硝能力。为了实现Co~(2+)的再生,采用酒石酸溶液对活性炭进行改性,提高其对Co~(3+)的催化还原能力,考察了活性炭催化剂改性及活化条件对钴氨吸收液Co~(3+)还原率及NO去除率的影响。实验结果表明:在酒石酸溶液浓度为1.5 mol/L、改性时间为18 h、活化温度为400℃、活化时间为4 h的条件下,改性活性炭的催化性能最佳;Co~(3+)还原率为67.5%,比原炭提高了11.9百分点;对应的钴氨吸收液的NO去除率为86.0%,比原炭提高了26.0百分点。pHpzc测定、Boehm滴定和BET表征结果表明,与原炭相比,改性活性炭酸性增强,羧基和内酯基含量增加,微孔数目增加,比表面积增大。这些表面特性的改变使改性活性炭的催化性能得到改善。     

硝酸改性活性炭的制备及其对Cr（Ⅵ）

利用硝酸对颗粒活性炭进行改性，处理含铬废水，并考察了吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附剂加入量对改性活性炭吸附Cr（Ⅵ）效果的影响。实验结果表明：经过硝酸氧化改性的活性炭比表面积有所增加，官能团总量增加明显；吸附剂对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率随振荡时间的增加而增加；对于质量浓度为10mg/L的100mLCr（Ⅵ）溶液，当溶液pH为中性，30%（体积分数）硝酸改性的颗粒活性炭的加入量为0.4g，其对Cr（Ⅵ）的最大去除率为98%。     

改性累托石吸附处理含镉废水

采用硫酸和高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵对累托石进行改性,考察了改性累托石吸附处理模拟含镉废水的影响因素.实验结果表明,在废水质量浓度为50 mg/L、废水pH为6.0、改性累托石加入量为1.2g/L、吸附时间为90 min、废水温度为25℃的条件下,改性累托石对镉的去除率可达98.00%以上,改性累托石对镉的吸附符合Langmuir模型.     

壳聚糖改性凹凸棒土对重金属离子的吸附

采用浸渍法将壳聚糖负载在凹凸棒土上,制备了改性的凹凸棒土。用该吸附剂吸附溶液中Pb^2＋,Cd^2＋的实验结果表明：未负载壳聚糖时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率为55%;当负载壳聚糖的质量分数为0.04时,凹凸棒土对Cd^2＋的吸附率达最大值（为91%）,对Pb2＋的吸附率也达最大值（为75%）。其吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Freundlich等温吸附方程。该吸附剂可重复使用。