混凝-酵母菌生物膜联合工艺处理三元驱采油废水

为解决三元驱采油废水的处理与回注问题,研究使用混凝预处理与特种产酸酵母菌生物膜法联合工艺对废水进行处理,再将酵母菌生物膜出水经过砂滤和超滤装置进行深度处理。探究pH,混凝剂种类和投加量等对混凝效果的影响,酵母菌生物膜工艺中外加碳源投加量对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,将三元驱采油废水pH调至6.0左右,三氯化铁投加量600mg/L,外加碳源投加量1.0CODg/L时处理效果最佳。在进水COD为1850mg/L,粘度5.10MPa·s,SS256mg/L,含油量131mg/L,粒径中值105.25μm的情况下,经过混凝预处理和酵母菌生物膜处理后的COD、SS、含油量的去除率分别达到84.86%、85.55%和98.54%,粘度降至1.05MPa·s,经砂滤和超滤装置后,出水含油量0.5mg/L,SS1.0mg/L,粒径中值0.1μm,达到SYT5329-2012中渗透层注水标准。     

混凝-IBAC深度处理焦化废水的试验研究

以哈尔滨某气化厂焦化废水为目标,探讨混凝-固定化生物活性炭(IBAC)工艺对哈尔滨气化厂焦化废水进行深度处理的净化效能及其可行性.采用筛选、驯化的脱酚菌,对活性炭(GAC)进行固定,使之形成固定化生物活性炭.当该工艺进水COD＜800 mg/L时,出水COD在100 mg/L以下,平均去除率在80%左右;当进水总酚在200 mg/L以下时,出水的总酚含量基本在20 mg/L以下;当进水氨氮浓度在75 mg/L以下时,出水氨氮浓度在25 mg/L以下.焦化废水中各污染物指标经混凝-IBAC工艺深度处理后可达污水综合排放标准(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准.     

微絮凝-微滤用于印染废水回用反渗透预处理的试验研究

采用微絮凝过滤-微滤作为反渗透的预处理工艺,用于印染废水二级生化出水回用深度处理.试验考察了预处理效果、工艺参数和反渗透系统运行情况,分析了膜污染的类型及特点.试验结果表明,微絮凝过滤-微滤作为反渗透的预处理工艺,系统运行稳定,相对于超滤-反渗透的"双膜法"工艺,投资和运行费用相对较低,有推广应用价值.     

混凝-水解酸化-好氧-混凝工艺处理印染废水

采用“混凝-水解酸化-好氧-混凝”工艺处理印染废水，当进水COD为800—1200mg／L时，出水可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB1978--1996），其中COD指标甚至达到江苏地方标准《太湖地区城镇污水处理厂及重点工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》（DB32／T1072--2007）。     

厌氧-两级SBR法处理高浓度洋蓟废水的研究

采用厌氧两级SBR工艺处理洋蓟罐头生产排放的高浓度有机废水,确定了厌氧、SBR工艺的最佳运行参数。结果表明,通过该工艺处理后,COD的总去除率达到98%以上,出水COD为78mg/L,达到国家排放标准。     

Fenton氧化-生化组合工艺处理染料中间体废水

针对染料中间体废水具有COD高、BOD5/COD低和具有生物毒性的特性,采用Fenton氧化-水解酸化-好氧组合工艺进行染料中间体生产废水的处理试验,试验结果表明:废水经Fenton氧化及水解酸化工序后,废水的BOD5/COD值由0.03升高至0.48,经好氧生化工序处理后的出水COD和BOD5浓度分别达122.6 mg/L和54.6 mg/L,符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)二级标准,该组合工艺COD总去除率达94%.     

混凝沉淀-厌氧折流板反应池-两级好氧生化工艺处理毛毯废水

采用混凝沉淀 厌氧折流板反应池 两级好氧生化工艺处理毛毯废水。在废水 pH为 4 .6 3— 6 .95、CODCr为96 6— 1990mg/L、BOD5为 2 4 3— 4 97mg/L、SS为 344— 4 36mg/L、色度 4 0 0倍时 ,处理出水达到一级排放标准。该处理技术先进、可靠。     

混凝沉淀—树脂吸附—Fenton氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液

采用混凝沉淀-树脂吸附-Fenton氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液,筛选了该工艺各工段最佳的运行方式和参数.在最佳条件下,COD的去除率达98.1%.将吸附出水或氧化出水与垃圾渗滤液处理纳滤出水合并排放.各项出水指标均能达到<生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准>(GB 16889-2008)一级排放标准.树脂脱附效果好,脱附液体积为膜滤浓缩液的1/10,实现了膜滤浓缩液减量化的目的.     

混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺对印染废水处理特性评价

评价了大塘污水处理厂混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺对印染废水的处理特性,分析处理过程中COD、色度的去除规律。结果表明:混凝-生物接触氧化-臭氧氧化工艺出水COD浓度最优水平值(TPSs-3.84%)为18.7 mg/L,中间水平浓度(TPSs-50%)为45 mg/L,COD浓度保证值(TPSs-95%)为62.7 mg/L,优于排放标准;工艺出水色度最优水平值(TPSs-3.84%)为10倍,中间水平浓度(TPSs-50%)为40倍,出水保证值(TPSs-95%)为45倍。其中,臭氧氧化在印染废水出水COD和色度的深度处理中发挥重要作用,将出水COD达标保障率由原来的91%提高到100%、出水色度的达标保障率由0%提高到90%。     

酶制剂废水处理的试验研究

采用直接混凝、直接水解-接触氧化的生化处理以及混凝-水解-接触氧化3种不同工艺对某酶制剂废水进行处理。结果表明，针对浓度为6200mg/L的原水，用本单位的混凝剂4号进行直接的沸凝处理，在加入量为100mg/L时可以得到66%的CODCr处理率；同样浓度的原水直接进行水解-接触氧化生化处理，在34h的停留时间后可以达到国家二类二级排放标准；经过混凝处理后的出水进行的生化实验则表明，达到国家排放标准的生化停留时间可缩短至22h。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

不同泥源对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响

采用2套上流式生物膜反应器,分别接种少量厌氧氨氧化污泥和大量硝化污泥,考察其对厌氧氨氧化反应器启动的影响。污泥接种入反应器后,测得接种厌氧氨氧化污泥的反应器(R1)内MLSS为0.22 g/L,另一个反应器(R2)MLSS为2.7 g/L。与直接接种厌氧氨氧化污泥相比,R1经过72 d的运行才显现出厌氧氨氧化特性。经过114 d的培养,前者氮去除速率由0.23 kg/(m3.d)提升到5.29 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于89%;R2的氮去除速率由0.01 kg/(m3.d)提升到1.1 kg/(m3.d),总氮去除率大于84.6%。说明普通污泥启动需要一个较长的筛选过程,直接接种少量的厌氧氨氧化污泥比接种普通的污泥能够更快启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

造纸废水混凝处理中SFT助凝替代性研究

中小造纸厂废水处理常用PAC作混凝剂 ,PAM作助凝剂。由于PAM成本很高 ,影响了处理设备的投运率。用超细滑石粉 (SFT)替代PAM助凝 ,与混凝剂PAC配合 ,其混凝处理效果基本相当 ,但是处理成本降低 0 .10元 /m3 。由于SFT属环境无害材料 ,不会给排泥带来二次污染     

产油微藻培养与回收的关键技术研究进展

寻找廉价而高效的替代原料是实现生物柴油产业化的关键所在.微藻以含油量高、生长周期短、环境适应能力强、生物产量高等优点,有望成为一种极具潜力的生物柴油生产原料.然而,目前尚存在微藻培养低效成本高和微藻回收效率低两大难题.综述了微藻培养与回收过程中的关键技术,并对存在的两大难题及其改进技术进行了详细的探讨.最后,总结并展望了微藻培养、回收技术未来的发展趋势.     

红土吸附砷对其动电电位的影响

研究了遵义红土吸附砷对其动电电位的影响 ,从砷酸根浓度和体系pH对红土动电电位影响的角度作了探讨 ,结果表明 ,砷酸根离子浓度越大 ,Zata电位下降幅度越大 ,Zata电位也越低 ;随着体系pH的升高 ,氧化铁胶体动电电位逐渐下降 ,甚至改变了表面电位的符号。由此得出了红土吸附砷属于专性吸附的结论。     

活性炭三维电极法对印染废水的处理研究

对三维电极方法处理印染废水进行了实验研究,初步探讨了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的机理,对影响处理效果的各种要素,如反应时间、槽电压和pH值等进行了条件实验,得出了活性炭三维电极法处理印染废水的最佳运行条件为:停留时间120-180 min,槽电压25～30 V,进水pH值6.5～7.5。结果表明,该反应器能有效地降低废水色度,有较高的COD去除效率,并能提高印染废水的可生化性。     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.     

Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters

A total of seventy samples of drinking water were tested for non-controlled and illicit drugs. Of these, 43 were from Spanish cities, 15 from seven other European countries, three from Japan and nine from seven different Latin American countries. The most frequently detected compounds were caffeine, nicotine, cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine, methadone and its metabolite EDDP. The mean concentrations of non-controlled drugs were: for caffeine 50 and 19 ng L⁻¹, in Spanish and worldwide drinking water respectively and for nicotine 13 and 19 ng L⁻¹. Illicit drugs were sparsely present and usually at ultratrace level (<1 ng L⁻¹). For example, cocaine has mean values of 0.4 (Spain) and 0.3 ng L⁻¹ (worldwide), whereas for benzoylecgonine, these mean values were 0.4 and 1.8 ng L⁻¹, respectively. Higher concentrations of benzoylecgonine were found in Latin American samples (up to 15 ng L⁻¹). No opiates were identified in any sample but the presence of methadone and EDDP was frequently detected. Total mean values for EDDP were 0.4 ng L⁻¹ (Spain) and 0.3 ng L⁻¹ (worldwide). Very few samples tested positive for amphetamines, in line with the reactivity of chlorine with these compounds. No cannabinoids, LSD, ketamine, fentanyl and PCP were detected.