国产轻质陶粒用于厌氧滤池的特性研究

对国产轻质球形陶粒的理化性能、挂膜特性及用于塔式厌氧生物滤池处理有机废水的效果进行了研究 ,表明该种填料适于作厌氧微生物载体。在进水 CODCr为 3 0 0～ 40 0 0 mg/L、CODCr去除率≥ 70 %时 ,CODCr容积负荷为 1.3 8～ 8.0 kg CODCr/(m3·d)。尤为突出的是 ,对于处理 CODCr≤ 3 0 0 mg/L的低浓度有机废水 ,当水力负荷为 2 .12 m3/(m2 · d)时 ,CODCr容积负荷达到 1.3 8kg CODCr/(m3· d) ,CODCr去除率≥ 70 %。     

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床处理高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水试验研究

介绍了采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器 -生物接触氧化法日处理 2 0 0t高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水的生产性试验研究。试验结果表明 ,厌氧EGSB反应器在控制中温发酵 (35± 1℃ )条件下 ,以低浓度CODCr2 0 0 0— 70 0 0mg/L ,CODCr/SO2 -4=7— 10进水 ,可有效降低反应器中毒性物质的抑制作用 ;进水CODCr在 70 0 0— 130 0 0mg/L ,水力停留时间(HRT)为 3— 5h ,pH值为 6 8— 7 2条件下 ,EGSB的最大容积负荷 15 8kgCODCr/m3 ·d ,对CODCr去除率可达 75 % ,对SO2 -4去除率也可有效地控制在 6 0 %— 70 %。进一步通过好氧生化处理 ,CODCr总去除率可达 91 3%。     

紫外催化湿式氧化工艺降解油墨废水

为了解决传统催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术需要高温高压等苛刻条件的问题,将紫外引入催化湿式氧化技术,得到可在常温常压条件下进行的紫外催化湿式氧化工艺(UV-CWOP)。以Cu2+为催化剂,采用该工艺处理油墨废水取得了良好的效果。通过单因素实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:pH值=3,H2O2用量为1.5倍理论量,CuSO4.5H2O投量2 g/L,初始温度40℃。在此条件下处理油墨废水3 h,COD可从9 500 mg/L降解到89 mg/L,出水达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

催化湿式氧化处理高含硫废水的研究

利用催化湿式氧化法对一高含硫废水的处理效果进行了系统的研究。筛选出适合处理该种废水的WH型合金催化剂 ,并在此催化剂上考察了反应温度、压力、空速以及气水比 (体积 )等工艺条件对废水处理效果的影响 ,同时考察了废水在催化湿式氧化反应处理前后可生化性的变化。在 2 6 5℃、7.0MPa、空速 =1.0h- 1 、气 H2 O(体积 ) =2 0 0条件下 ,废水COD去除率可达到 77.1%。经过催化湿式氧化处理后 ,废水的BOD5 CODCr值显著提高 ,其值由 0 .0 16提高至 0 .6 4 ,可生化性良好     

催化湿式氧化技术处理山梨酸生产废水的研究

采用催化湿式氧化技术处理生产山梨酸过程中产生的高浓度有机废水,对催化剂组分进行优选.对反应温度、O2分压(Po2)和废水pH等工艺条件进行考察.实验结果表明:采用自制CuO-Cr2O3-La2O3/TiO2为复合催化剂处理该有机废水时表现出较好的催化活性;在190℃、Po2=2.1 MPa、pH=6.1、COD=10 030.0 mg/L时,反应90 min的COD去除率达到98.3%,而在相同条件下未加催化剂的湿式氧化的COD去除率只有60.1%.     

处理高浓度印染废水的UBF反应器运行参数研究

对 UBF处理高浓度、高色度印染废水进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 :当印染废水的 CODCr为 15 0 0 m g/L 及色度为 40 0～60 0倍时 ,最佳 Fe2 +投加量为 9.0～ 10 .0 mg/L;当高浓度印染废水的 CODCr>30 0 0 mg/L 及色度 >5 0 0 0倍时 ,U BF反应器的最适HRT为 2 4.0 h,此时反应器 CODCr去除率稳定在 45 %左右。 U BF反应器具有很好的抗冲击负荷能力     

微电解与Fenton试剂预处理农药废水的试验研究

农药废水是一种典型的高浓度有机工业废水 ,有机污染物浓度高 (CODCr>10 0 0 0mg L) ,可生化性差 (氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 3 ,对邻硝基氯苯农药废水BOD5 CODCr=0 .0 5 )。采用微电解和Fenton试剂氧化两种物化手段对菊酯、氯苯和对邻硝氯苯 3种废水按比例配制而成的综合农药废水进行预处理 ,结果表明 :在废水pH为 2— 2 .5时 ,经微电解处理后 ,BOD5 CODCr比值在 0 .45以上 ,可生化性提高 ;Fenton试剂对综合农药废水CODCr去除率为 60 %左右 ,色度去除率接近 10 0 %     

宠物食品加工废水处理工程实例

介绍了水解 接触氧化 气浮工艺在宠物食品加工废水中的应用。实践表明 ,在进水CODCr、BOD5和SS分别为 2 5 0 0mg/L、1 6 0 0mg/L和 2 5 0mg/L的情况下 ,出水的CODCr、BOD5和SS分别为 70mg/L、1 5mg/L和 4 0mg/L ,达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978 96 )一级标准。经过 1年半的运行表明 ,该工艺具有运行稳定性好、处理效率高、操作管理方便的优点。     

生物膜电极法处理高浓度苯胺废水的研究

对生物膜电极法处理高浓度苯胺废水进行了探索性研究 ,停留时间 2 4h,初始浓度为 2 0 0 0 mg/L时 ,苯胺的去除率达73 % ,平均降解速率 60 .3 7mg/(L· h) ,取得了较好的效果。并根据实验结果 ,对电极生物膜的降解机理及其特性作了初步探讨     

高浓度钻井废水的混凝-催化氧化处理

以华北油田某深井的高浓度钻井废水(COD高达14 460.0 mg/L)为研究对象,提出了酸化-混凝-催化氧化-吸附的组合处理工艺。重点研制了钻井废水催化氧化处理催化剂(镍基催化剂),通过实验确定了最佳工艺参数条件。着重考察了催化氧化处理的工艺条件,在pH值为4,次氯酸钙投加量为4.4 g/L,催化剂投加量为1.6 g/L的条件下COD降至403.5 mg/L,进一步吸附处理后COD降至139.9 mg/L、色度为30倍、石油类含量为3.8 mg/L、pH为8.0和SS浓度为52mg/L,最终出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级标准,处理成本为84.8元/m3。     

Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin

An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water.     

焦化废水中细菌质粒的研究

细菌质粒中常带有一些可编码降解特殊有毒物质酶的基因,为了研究质粒对有毒物质CN^-的降解的意义,主要调查了焦化废水中好氧异养菌的质粒分布特点。从山西省焦化企业公司生化站、太原煤气公司焦化厂生化站中筛选出53株细菌,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,采用GDS-8000型凝胶电泳分析仪进行拍照,同时测定各菌株降氰、降酚能力,CN^-采用异烟酸-毗唑啉酮法,酚采用4-氨基安替比林法测定。结果表明,质粒的存在与降氰力有一定的关系,但对降酚力的影响差异不显著。同时,通过对其中11^*号菌株进行了质粒转化和消除实验,证明质粒稳定,不可用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)消除掉,用E．cbli DHI作受体菌,用11^#菌株作供体菌。作转化实验,但由于种种原因,没有筛洗到转化子。     

Managing the relationship with the environment

This article describes the results of a survey carried out by the author's company on behalf of Rank Xerox. The objective was to assess attitudes towards environmental issues in both the public and private sector. Although there were some differences over priorities, both sectors agreed that development of environmental policies was essential to their future.     

水处理中含铁废料综合利用的研究进展

回顾了２０余年来我国在水处理中综合利用含铁废料的研究进展，分别评述了副产品硫酸亚铁制备絮凝剂ＰＦＳ的各种方法，废铁屑运用于内电解法水处理和其他含铁泥渣，废酸在水处理中的研究和应用现状，指出含铁废料综合利用中有待于进一步研究的若干问题。     

How the loss of forest fauna undermines the achievement of the SDGs

The human-driven loss of biodiversity has numerous ecological, social, and economic impacts at the local and global levels, threatening important ecological functions and jeopardizing human well-being. In this perspective, we present an overview of how tropical defaunation—defined as the disappearance of fauna as a result of anthropogenic drivers such as hunting and habitat alteration in tropical forest ecosystems—is interlinked with four selected Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We discuss tropical defaunation related to nutrition and zero hunger (SDG 2), good health and well-being (SDG 3), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). We propose a range of options on how to study defaunation in future research and how to address the ongoing tropical defaunation crisis, including but not limited to recent insights from policy, conservation management, and development practice.     

底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响

通过分析底泥中微生物的酶活性以及污染物的释放规律,探讨了温度对河道底泥生物修复的影响.结果表明,底泥中微生物的脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的活性随着温度的升高而显著增大,但温度对纤维素酶的活性影响较小.4 ℃和10 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量和微生物的酶活性均较低,水质较稳定;20～37 ℃时底泥中污染物的释放量明显增加,微生物的新陈代谢能力有较大提高,水体的自净能力较强.在各种因素的综合作用下,20～30 ℃是进行底泥生物修复的适宜环境温度.此外,当pH为9.0以及添加葡萄糖时,底泥中微生物均表现出较高的脱氢酶活性.     

Attempts to probe the ozone layer and the ultraviolet-B levels of the past

To get a proper perspective on the current status of atmospheric ozone, which protects the biosphere from ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280-315 nm) radiation, it would be of value to know how ozone and UV-B radiation have varied in the past. The record of worldwide ozone monitoring goes back only a few decades, and the record of reliable UV-B measurements is even shorter. Here we review indirect methods to assess their status further back in time. These include variations in the Sun's emission and how these affect the atmosphere, changes in the Earth's orbit, geologic imprints of atmospheric ozone, effects of catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions, biological proxies of UV-B radiation, the spectral signature of terrestrial ozone in old recordings of star spectra, and the modeling of UV-B irradiance from ozone data and meteorological recordings. Although reliable reconstructions do not yet extend far into the past, there is some hope for future progress.     

Effect of the pesticide lindane on the biomass of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata

This study assesses the growth of the microalgae Nannochloris oculata in the presence of lindane and the ability of N. oculata to remove lindane from media. Algal biomass increased with 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 of lindane, and lindane concentrations in the media decreased. N. oculata removed 73% and 68.2% of lindane in the 0.1 and 0.5 mg L^?1 media concentrations, respectively. Algal biomass decreased to the level of the control at lindane concentrations greater than 2.5 mg L^?1, probably due to toxicity. N. oculata removed lindane from the media at concentrations lower than 1.0 mg L^?1. Thus, N. oculata may be useful for lindane bioremediation in contaminated aquatic systems.