Hydrolytic dynamics of pesticide N''-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) -N-methylformamidine in aquatic solution

ＨｙｄｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅＮ＇－（２，４－ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｅｎｙｌ）－Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌｆｏｒｍａｍｉｄｉｎｅｉｎａｑｕａｔｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ￥ＭｏＨａｎｈｏｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＫｅｗｕ；ＡｎＦｅｎｇｃｈｕｎ；ＬｉｕＹｅ...     

Properties of mercuric reductase from a HgCl_2-resistant fungus

ＰｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｍｅｒｃｕｒｉｃｒｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅｆｒｏｍａＨｇＣｌ＿２－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｆｕｎｇｕｓＷａｎｇＢａｏｊｕｎ；ＬｉＷｅｎｚｈｏｎｇ；ＹａｎｇＨｕｉｆａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｉｃｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

单种及混合培养条件下Fe、Mn对赤潮生物塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandriumtamarense)生长的影响

研究了单种和两种混合世量培养条件下，Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ（Ｆｅ＾３＋）、Ｍｎ（Ｍｎ＾２＋）浓度对甲藻塔玛亚历山大藻（Ａｌｅｘａｎｄｒｉｕｍ ｔａｍａｒｅｎｓｅ）生长及细胞大小的影响。同时考察了与其混合培养中的肋骨条藻（Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａ ｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ）和圆筛藻（Ｃｏｓｃｉｍｏｄｉｓ ｃｕｓ ｓｐ．）的生长特性，结果表明在本实验的浓度范围内（Ｆｅ－ＥＤＴＡ，０－３．１５μｇ／Ｌ，Ｍｎ＾２＋，０－０     

利用EIA生物测试法快速定量筛选环境样品中的二恶英污染物

将采集的环境样品分作３份，１份用于高色辨色质联用多离子检测测定二恶英的毒性当量浓度ＴＥＱ，另２分别用７－乙氧基－异吩恶唑酮－脱乙基酶（ＲＥＯＤ）活力诱导法和酶免疫法（Ｅｎｚｙｍｅ ＩｍｍｕｎｏＡｓｓａｙ，ＥＩＡ）进行生物测试。结果表明ＥＩＡ和ＲＥＯＤ这２种生物试验方法均具有较好的准确性和很宽的线性范围，比较Ｍｉｃｒｏ－ＥＲＯＤ分析结果与化学分析结果以及ＥＩＡ分析结果与化学分析结果，发现Ｍｉｃｒｏ－     

A diagnostic experiment of the influence of CO2 on winter wheat

ＡｄｉａｇｎｏｓｔｉｃｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆＣＯ＿２ｏｎｗｉｎｔｅｒｗｈｅａｔＷａｎｇＣｈｕｎｙｉ；ＢａｉＹｕｅｍｉｎｇ；ＷｅｎＭｉｎ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｒｎｙｏｆＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅ...     

黄海西部大气湿沉降(降水)的pH与主要酸碱离子的关系

对黄海西部的千里岩、青岛的麦岛两个降消要样点１９９７、１９９８丙年所收集的１１３个降 Ｈ＾＋、ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｆ＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－共１０种离子成分的含量，分别用ＮＡ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋＋ＮＨ４＾＋）／（ＮＯ３＋ｎｓａＳＯ４＾２－、ｃｍｓｓＳＯ４＾２－（ｎｓｓＳＯ４＾２－）的相关分析。结果表明：（１）以Ｍｇ＾２＋作为参考元素计算得到     

A comparison of hydrocarbons emission from engine running 85￣＃gasoline and M－100 methanol fuel

Ａｃｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｃａｒｂｏｎｓｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｅｎｇｉｎｅｒｕｎｎｉｎｇ８５￣＃ｇａｓｏｌｉｎｅａｎｄＭ－１００ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｌｆｕｅｌＹａｏＨｅｎｇ，ＣｈｅｎＺｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｃａｄｅｍ...     

汞的超高灵敏显色反应及其应用

对Ｈｇ（Ⅱ）－ｍｅｓｏ－４－（４－ＴＭＡＰ）Ｐ－ＤＤＭＡＡ－Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０超高灵敏显色体系的特性进行了研究。该显色体系在ＰＨ８．５～１０．５的硼酸－氢氧化钠介质最为适宜，显色体系最大吸收波长为４５０ｎｍ处，摩尔吸光系数ε４５０＝４．８×１０＾５Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ，试剂空白在４５０ｎｍ处时等于零。在ＤＤＭＡＡ，Ｔｗｅｅｎ８０条件下，Ｈｇ＾２＋与Ｍｅｓｏ－４（４－ＴＭＡＰ）Ｐ的组成比为１：１。在０～１０     

低公害汽车开发普及的现状及展望

低公害汽车开发普及的现状及展望ＳｔａｔｕｓａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＬｏｗ－ｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｎｇＡｕｔｏｍｏｂｉｌｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＰｏｐｕｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎ￥ＭａｓａｙｅｄｉＩｔｏＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ，ｉｔｉｓｉｍｐｅｒ...     

Fate of pesticide N'' (2,4 dimethylphenyl) N methylformamide hydrochloride in simulated aquatic ecosystem

ＦａｔｅｏｆｐｅｓｔｉｃｉｄｅＮ’（２，４ｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｅｎｙｌ）ＮｍｅｔｈｙｌｆｏｒｍａｍｉｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅｉｎｓｉｍｕｌａｔｅｄａｑｕａｔｉｃｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＹａｎｇＫｅｗｕ，ＭｏＨａｎｈｏｎｇ，ＡｎＦｅｎｇｃｈｕ...     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

ＲｅｍｏｖａｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｆｒｏｍｓｅｗａｇｅｓｌｕｄｇｅｂｙｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｉｎｇｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｃｙｃｌｉｎｇｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＷｕＱｉｔａｎｇ，ＮｙｉｒａｎｄｅｇｅＰａｓｃａｓｉｅ，ＭｏＣｅｈｕｉＦ...