化学教学中渗透绿色经济教育初探

绿色经济是低碳经济、循环经济和生态经济三者的结合。本文探索在中学化学教学中如何运用系统论信息论控制论的方法,对教学内容进行分析,选择不同的教学形式,在教学过程中渗透绿色经济教育。绿色经济、循环经济、低碳经济、生态经济等都是当前被广泛使用的概念。《化学课程标准》指出:化学已成为生命科学、材料科学、环境科学、能源科学、信     

生态经济系统边缘效应的实证分析

在理论层面,从生态经济系统的生态位角度探讨省域行政边界地区的生态经济系统边缘效应的优势和特性;在实践层面,以广西玉林为例,通过探讨省域生态经济系统边缘效应的形成过程和动力机制,剖析省域生态经济系统的边缘地区玉林今后发展的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战.针对生态经济系统边缘效应的发挥提出相应对策和建议,以期为经济转型升级过程中省域生态经济系统边缘地区经济的发展和腾飞提供理论参照.     

绿色发展,需要技术有重大突破

绿色经济、低碳经济、循环经济中,绿色经济的范围最广,包含了循环经济和低碳经济,而循环经济和低碳经济是绿色经济的两个分支,三者的内涵和目标是一致的,都是强调资源的节约和环境的保护。一国发展绿色经济,很难;中国的绿色发展,离不开世界市场和世界技术。在中国的绿色实践中,由于政策、市场不配套,以及观念、效益、规模、技术的制约,出现了"政府热、企业民众冷"、"中央热、地方冷"的局面。中国怎样才能更好地绿色发展?除了人的消费观念要低碳化外,更重要的是技术上要有突破,要有自己的核心技术。     

以绿色信贷目录 推进经济结构转型

在市场经济条件下,信贷资金流向和结构的锁定,是实体经济向预定经济目标发展的前提与基础。绿色信贷基本指导目录是执行绿色信贷政策的瞄准器,在推进经济结构转型的过程中起到导向、促进、分配和风险管理的主要作用。     

马克思恩格斯经济全球化理论浅析

马克思、思格斯早在19世纪40年代已经前瞻性地论述了经济全球化的思想,他们认为:资产阶级的资本是经济全球化的主体和内在动力,经济全球化的实质是资本的全球化;经济全球化的原因是生产力的发展和技术的进步;经济全球化的趋势是全球社会主义。马克思主义的经济全球化理论为研究当代经济全球化的原因、特征、发展趋势及其对当今世界的影响有着重要意义。     

青海省发展低碳经济的地方法律保障机制研究

低碳经济是一个涉及经济、社会、环境系统的综合性问题,关乎经济的增长和社会的发展。鉴于此,本文在坚持科学发展观,坚持以人为本的经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展原则,努力构建节约型社会,积极应对气候变化,加快新型产业发展,推动地方经济实现跨越式发展、绿色发展、和谐和统筹发展的宏观政策指导下,运用法律解释学、比较法学和现实分析法等研究方法,分析了青海省发展低碳经济的自然条件和法律条件,并对地方发展低碳经济的法律保障机制的建立进行了一些浅显的探究。希望推动地方关于低碳经济发展的相关立法问题的深入研究,并对地方经济向低碳经济转型的实践发展有所帮助。     

数字经济发展与区域环境质量改善——来自省级面板数据的证据

本文基于2011—2019年我国31个省级行政区的面板数据,探究了数字经济发展对区域环境质量的影响。研究发现,总体来说,数字经济对环境质量具有显著的改善作用;数字经济对环境质量的改善作用在2014—2019年显著,在中部和西部省份显著,在环境污染程度较高的省份显著。传导机制检验表明,经济规模扩张、产业结构优化及绿色技术创新在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥中介作用。进一步分析表明,政府竞争在数字经济对环境质量的改善作用中起着负向调节作用,制度环境在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应高质量地推动数字经济发展、充分发挥数字经济的环境质量改善作用、匡正地方政府的竞争行为及努力营造良好的制度环境,以改善环境质量。     

辽宁省沿海经济带经济与环境协调度时空演变研究

协调度理论已成为衡量区域经济增长与环境保护协调发展的重要理论。在阐述其理论的基础上,选取了经济与环境方面的评价指标、计算方法和模型。通过对辽宁省沿海经济带及其6市2000年、2002年、2004年、2006年、2008年、2009年的17项指标进行技术处理和分析,对经济带各市的经济与环境协调发展度进行了时空演变研究。结果表明,经济带及其6市10年间协调发展度在时间维度上呈现逐年上升,其类型由中度失调衰退型和濒临失调衰退型逐渐向中级协调发展型和高级协调发展型演变;经济带经济环境协调发展度整体水平逐年升高;经济带的经济综合实力f（x）和环境承载力g（y）差距不大,经济发展与环境保护基本保持同步,在环境承载力范围内经济综合实力有进一步发展的空间。     

“低碳”之路安徽该如何破题?

哥本哈根气候大会余音未了,"低碳经济"一下成为点击率最高的关键词。低碳经济是低碳发展、低碳产业、低碳技术、低碳生活等一系列经济形态的总称,其基本特征是低能耗、低排放、低污染,实质是提高能源利用效率和创建清洁能源结构。目前,美国、英国等主要发达国家均把发展低碳经济作为应对气候变化、摆脱金融危机、加快经济复苏的新引擎。在国内,"低碳经济"也是风生水起,各地各显神通。那么,低碳面前,安徽又该如何破题?     

博州生态经济建设的对策研究

对博州地区丰富的自然资源,气候条件,优良的环境质量和丰富的物产,以及现有的水资源、森林、草原和矿产资源等优势资源做了全面的介绍,分析发展生态经济的环境背景和有利条件。以农村生态经济建设、新型工业生态经济建设和特色旅游生态经济建设为重点,探讨了博州生态经济建设的对策和措施。为加快区域生态经济建设和发展,实现发展社会经济和保护生态环境的"双赢",建立经济、社会、自然良性循环的复合型生态系统做了有益的探索研究。     

Water stress, water transfer and social equity in Northern China--implications for policy reforms

Water stress in Northern China is characterized with major, inefficient irrigation water use and rapidly growing non-agricultural water demands, as well as limited water quantity and declining water quality. Water use in the region is undergoing transfer from agricultural to municipal and industrial sectors. Currently, part of the economic loss and environmental damage due to water stress can be considered as a consequence of water transfer failures, including the current transfers, which hurt farmers' livelihood and income, and the needed transfers, which industry and cities have been waiting for but have not received. This paper starts with a discussion of the causes of water stress in Northern China, which is fundamental to understand the necessity and complexity of agricultural water transfers. Following that, it reviews water transfers in Northern China as a cause for concern over the social stability, economy and environment of the region. Based on an integrated analysis of economic, environmental, fiscal and social implications, this paper begins by identifying critical barriers to smooth water redistribution; and ends with implications for policy reforms, ensuring that farmers can and will save water. It is concluded that the decisions of water reallocation under water stress should be shared by communities at all levels, from the local to the national, to ensure equal access of water, especially the availability of the basic water need for all groups.     

石油开采促进农村经济发展

通过调查黄官屯、前枣园和马台子的自然条件，比较传统农业经济指标、现代农业经济指标及农村经济构成，指出石油开采地区（黄官屯和前枣园）比非石油开采地区（马台子）经济发展迅速，人民也比较富裕。     

POTENTIAL ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF CHANGES IN WATER AVAILABILITY ON AGRICULTURE IN THE TRUCKEE AND CARSON RIVER BASINS,NEVADA, USA1

ABSTRACT: Effects of climate change are likely to be detected in nearly all sectors and regions of the economy, with both winners and losers. One of the consequences of climatic changes could be altered regional water supplies. This paper presents an investigation of regional agricultural implications of changes in water availability. Specifically, using a profit maximization approach, the economic consequences of altered water availability in the Great Basin of Nevada are analyzed in terms of the effects on net returns of agricultural producers. Under the scenarios analyzed in this paper, it is found that with adequate water systems, increase in streamflow and consequent increase in water availability could significantly benefit agricultural producers of this region. Net returns to irrigators could increase by 8 to 13 percent, not taking into account the possibility of changes in crop yields and prices. It is also shown that the benefits from increased water availability are sensitive to likely crop yield and price changes. The potential for adverse effects of climatic changes on water supply is also considered by analyzing the effects of decreased water availability. Under decreased water availability scenarios, farmer net returns decrease substantially.     

Securing water for people, crops, and ecosystems: New mindset and new priorities

A fundamentally new approach to water and human development will be needed during this new century if we are to secure sufficient freshwater to meet the needs of some 9 billion people while at the same time protecting the critical ecosystem services upon which the human economy depends. Signs of unsustainable water use — including falling water tables, shrinking lakes, and the drying up of rivers and streams — are widespread and spreading. In many regions, greater modification and appropriation of freshwater systems for human purposes will yield greater costs than benefits and create the risk of irreversible losses of species and ecosystem services. A new mindset is needed to guide water use and management in this new century, one that views the human water economy as a subset of nature's water economy. Living within nature's limits will require that societies satisfy the basic needs of people and ecosystems before non-essential water demands are met. It will require on the order of a doubling of water productivity. And it will require stronger institutions to encourage equitable sharing of water to alleviate tensions within and between countries.     

Assessing the value of pastoral farming in the Alps using choice experiments: evidence for public policies and management

Alpine livestock farms consist of pastures, buildings, people and animals, and are a key element for the economy in the Alps. Pastures and huts are often owned by the local municipalities, who lease them to private tenants. However, this activity is often no longer profitable, and thus pastures and huts remain unused and abandoned. This research provides an economic estimate of pastoral farming using the choice experiment (CE) method, also assessing the willingness to pay (WTP) for pastoral farming functions. The study examines different scenarios of upland farm management in order to provide recommendations for public owners on how to better manage these assets. The case study is located in an alpine area in northern Italy. Our results show a higher WTP for the attributes related to the traditional Alpine agricultural economy, with an emphasis on grazing. Several policy implications regarding agricultural renewal and support for mountain livelihoods are highlighted in the conclusions.     

章丘市地下水可持续利用研究

章丘市水资源储量丰富,但由于人工开采、工农业生产、矿坑排水等原因造成了严重的泉水断流,现已成为严重的资源型缺水地区。为了保证国民经济的持续发展,保护和改善生态环境,根据章丘市水文地质情况,提出了合理开采地表水与地下水、节水与提高重复利用率、加强地下水资源污染的防治与保护等措施。这些措施可以从根本上解决章丘市水资源短缺和水环境质量恶化的问题,并最终实现以水资源的可持续利用来支撑整个国民经济可持续发展的目的。     

Riverscape and Groundwater Preservation: A Choice Experiment

This study presents a quantitative approach to support policy decision making for the preservation of riverscapes, taking into account the EC Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the EC Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) concerning the protection of waters against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. A choice experiment was applied to evaluate the benefits, as perceived by inhabitants, of the implementation of policies aiming to reduce the concentration of nitrates in groundwater, preserve the riverscape by maintaining a minimum water flow and increasing hedges and woods along the Serio River in central northern Italy. Findings suggested that people were particularly concerned about groundwater quality, probably because it is strongly linked to human health. Nevertheless, it was interesting to observe that people expressed a high willingness to pay for actions that affect the riverscape as a whole (such as the minimum water flow maintenance plus reforestation). This is probably due to the close connection between the riverscape and the functions of the river area for recreation, health purposes, and biodiversity preservation.     

农村环境污染防治的对策措施

就农村中存在的农业生产资料的过量使用导致的污染、生活垃圾污染、农村水污染及农村生态环境破坏等环境问题的实际情况,分析了当前农村环境污染现状,针对其存在的主要问题提出了加大农村环保宣传、规范政府行为、调整农业产业结构及推广新能源等具有较强可行性的对策措施,以促进农村社会、经济和环境的可持续发展。     

四川省农业循环经济发展状况评估

通过构建以经济社会发展、资源物资投入、资源循环利用以及资源环境安全四大类指标构成的农业循环经济综合评价指标体系,运用层次分析法,采用综合评价指数及障碍度对四川省2006年~2011年的农业循环经济发展状态进行了评价。结果表明:四川省农业循环经济发展总体状况逐年趋好,对农业循环经济发展的影响程度从大到小的因素是资源物资投入、经济社会发展、资源环境安全及物质循环利用。     

电吸附除盐技术之电极材料研究进展

随着经济的不断发展,我国面临着淡水资源严重短缺的局面。电吸附技术作为一种新兴的水处理技术,由于其低能耗、操作简单、环保等优势越来越受到人们的关注。本文简单介绍了电吸附技术的原理以及目前应用于电吸附技术的各种电极材料。