突发环境事件信息公开,从信息管理开始

突发环境事件信息公开不完全等于信息发布,而是一个信息管理的过程,涉及内容界定、流程管理、责任追究等多个方面,需协调横向的部门间关系、纵向的各级政府间关系、条与块间的竞争关系、政府与企业关系等多重关系。在现有应急管理体制下,我国突发环境事件信息公开可通过厘清政企关系、强化风险评估、加强信息共享、公开事件报告等方式做得更好。     

观点

儒家价值观的关键之一就是社会和谐,这意味着什么呢?这意味着三件事:和平、多样性和促进和谐的关系。那么,如今重要的关系有哪些呢?有家庭成员之间的关系、同一个国家社会内部的关系、不同国家间的关系以及人与自然的关系。许多儒家信徒认为提升环境责任感很重要,而儒学     

民本官末——“新官民”七大关系

传统仁学为当下官民关系提供了正反两个角度的"双向服从"秩序理论,但实践道路却往往"单行",导致形式的法治国。要重建官民和谐,走向实质的法治国,应平衡、协调好七大关系:本末关系、独立关系、保护关系、分配关系、组织关系、规制关系、适当抵制关系。     

人与自然新型伦理关系的构建

通过论述构建人与自然新型伦理关系的必要性和可能性,并结合阐述人与自然新型伦理关系的内涵,提出了建立一种包括文化伦理观、经济价值论、实践价值观在内的新型人与自然伦理关系。最后,作者对如何建立这种新型伦理关系提出了自己的思考,以期向各界同仁请教。     

准确把握新征程上推进生态文明建设需要处理好的重大关系

<正>习近平总书记2023年7月在全国生态环境保护大会上强调,总结新时代10年的实践经验,分析当前面临的新情况新问题,继续推进生态文明建设,必须以新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明思想为指导,正确处理几个重大关系,即高质量发展和高水平保护的关系、重点攻坚和协同治理的关系、自然恢复和人工修复的关系、外部约束和内生动力的关系、“双碳”承诺和自主行动的关系。     

关于高校人才引进工作的思考

人才资源是第一资源。人才问题始终是高等学校改革与发展的核心问题和头等大事,谁先引进具有较高竞争能力的高层次人才,谁就抓住了发展的先机。引进优秀人才势在必行。人才引进要遵循与学科发展相适应的原则、择优的原则、“不求所有、但为所用”的原则。同时人才引进过程中,要处理好引进人才与学科建设的关系、引进人才和现有人才的关系、人才发展和团队建设的关系、人才的短期工作绩效与长期作用的关系。     

中美军事安全关系解读

美国对台军售、军事战略互信难以建立、突发性事件频繁干扰是影响中美军事关系发展的主要障碍。中美军事关系呈现军事关系从属于政治关系、交流层次在低水平徘徊、美国在双边军事关系中占据主动地位和中国在双边军事关系中灵活采取务实政策等特点。中美双方的军事透明度认知差异能否弥合、美国如何看待中国军力发展、美国能否尊重中国核心利益和重大安全关切、中美海权博弈能否打破大国海权对抗的"历史宿命",将成为未来中美安全合作机制建立过程中的关键性"看点"。     

基于成本分析的西部生态补偿法律机制研究

建立和实施西部生态补偿机制，是加强西部生态建设和强化西部生态功能专业化服务的必由之路。生态系统服务补偿理论和自然资本理论为我们分析西部生态补偿提供了新的分析范式，西部生态补偿包括国家补偿、区域和流域补偿、自力补偿三个层次。其内部的成本关系包括生态服务利用成本关系、跨区域资源调配成本关系、生态工程实施成本关系、内部补偿成本关系等，基于成本分析基础上的三层次补偿关系协同发展是完善西部生态补偿法律机制的基本内容。     

旅游者地方感、自我效能感、社会责任感与满意度关系研究——以遗产旅游地为例

旅游者满意度是旅游地健康发展的重要指标,旅游者与旅游地的关系对旅游者满意度的影响是不容忽视的。通过引入自我效能感和社会责任感两个因素构建旅游者地方感与满意度关系模型,分析探讨了旅游者地方感、自我效能感、社会责任感和满意度的关系。在研究方法上,通过对世界遗产地苏州古典园林、黄山和三清山的问卷调查,利用AMOS软件进行结构方程模型分析。结果表明,旅游者地方感对旅游者自我效能感和旅游者社会责任感具有显著直接的正向影响,旅游者自我效能感和旅游者社会责任感分别对旅游者满意度具有显著直接的正向影响。这些为研究旅游者地方感与满意度之间的复杂心理关系提供了一种有效方法,这种复杂的心理关系对旅游目标的实现有着重要的影响。     

袋式除尘用滤料集尘性能的冷态测定及分析

对袋式除尘常用的针刺毡、基布覆膜、梯度针刺毡三类滤料进行集尘状况下压力损失冷态实验测试。结果表明:清洁滤料压力损失由大到小分别为基布覆膜滤料、梯度针刺毡、常规针刺毡;清洁滤料的压力损失与过滤速度呈正比线性变化关系,集尘后与过滤时间、粉尘负荷呈正比二次方变化关系,并通过分析给出滤料在不同集尘负荷下阻力与过滤风速、粉尘负荷间的计算关系。     

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Environmental Dredging in South Lake,China

Environmental dredging is a primary remedial option for removal of the contaminated material from aquatic environment. Of primary concern in environmental dredging is the effectiveness of the intended sediment removal. A 5-year field monitoring study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the environmental dredging in South Lake, China. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphors, and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Hg, and As) before and after dredging in sediment were determined and compared. Multiple ecological risk indices were employed to assess the contamination of heavy metals before and after dredging. Our results showed that the total phosphorus levels reduced 42% after dredging. Similar changes for Hg, Zn, As Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed, with reduction percentages of 97.0, 93.1, 82.6, 63.9, 52.7, 50.1, 32.0, and 23.6, respectively, and the quality of sediment improved based on the criterion of Sediment Quality Guidelines by USEPA and contamination degree values (C_d) decreased significantly (paired t-test, p < 0.05). Unexpectedly, the TN increased 49% after dredging compared to before dredging. Findings from the study demonstrated that the environmental dredging was an effective mechanism for removal of total phosphorus and heavy metals from South Lake. Nevertheless, the dredging was ineffective to remove total nitrogen from sediment. We conclude that the reason for the observed increase in TN after dredging was likely ammonia release from the sediment impairing the dredging effectiveness.     

连续流动分析法测定水中总氮的不确定度评定

在实验室分析基础上,对连续流动分析法测定水中总氮过程的不确定度进行评定。本文建立了数学模型,对不确定度来源进行了分析,并计算了不确定度分量、合成不确定度及扩展不确定度,最后给出了总氮测量结果的标准表示方法。     

Structure optimization and annual performance analysis of the lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator

The primary lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator (lens-walled CPC) has a significant advantage of a larger half acceptance angle as a static solar concentrator, but it also has a drawback of a low optical efficiency. In order to overcome this drawback, in this article, series of structure parameters were investigated and compared to further improve the optical efficiency within the half acceptance angle combined with the material properties. The average optical efficiencies of the improved lens-walled CPCs could achieve more than 82% within the half acceptance angle of 35?. Experiments were adopted to verify the credibility and validity of the simulation. Moreover, annual performance of the lens-walled CPCs comparison with that of the mirror CPC for Nottingham was analyzed. Results show that the improved lens-walled CPC has a higher optical performance for actual building application.     

CALIBRATION OF STORM LOADS IN THE SOUTH PRONG WATERSHED,FLORIDA, USING BASINS/HSPF1

ABSTRACT: The South Prong watershed is a major tributary system of the Sebastian River and adjacent Indian River Lagoon. Continued urbanization of the Sebastian River drainage basin and other watersheds of the Indian River Lagoon is expected to increase runoff and nonpoint source pollutant loads. The St. Johns River Water Management District developed watershed simulation models to estimate potential impacts on the ecological systems of receiving waters and to assist planners in devising strategies to prevent further degradation of water resources. In the South Prong system, a storm water sampling program was carried out to calibrate the water quality components of the watershed model for total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorous (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). During the period of May to November 1999, water quality and flow data were collected at three locations within the watershed. Two of the sampling stations were located at the downstream end of major watercourses. The third station was located at the watershed outlet. Five storm events were sampled and measured at each station. Sampling was conducted at appropriate intervals to represent the rising limb, peak, and recession limb of each storm event. The simulations were handled by HSPF (Hydrologic Simulation Program‐Fortran). Results include calibration of the hydrology and calibration of the individual storm loads. The hydrologic calibration was continuous over the period 1994 through 1999. Simulated storm runoff, storm loads, and event mean concentrations were compared with their corresponding observed values. The hydrologic calibration showed good results. The outcome of the individual storm calibrations was mixed. Overall, however, the simulated storm loads agreed reasonably well with measured loads for a majority of the storms.     

EDTA滴定法测定水质总硬度的改进实验

根据EDTA滴定法测定水质总硬度的实践经验,对EDTA滴定法进行改进,该改进方法和标准方法通过地表水、地下水以及总硬度标准样品的比对测定,实验证明改进方法测定结果准确、可靠,操作更加简便、快捷。     

实验用水对总氮检测结果的影响

用RO纯水与超纯水分别作为实验用水,通过标准曲线及空白、标准样品、水样等总氮测定对比实验,发现两种实验用水的标准曲线及空白值、标准样品的检测均受控,但两种纯水对比实验显示相对于超纯水而言,RO纯水中有一定浓度的总氮,同时在水样检测中用RO纯水作实验用水测定值明显低于用超纯水作实验用水的测定值,其差值与RO纯水中总氮值相符。实验结果表明总氮检测中不能只以标准曲线、空白值和标准样品测定值作为受控标准,要考虑实验用水中硝酸根离子的影响。     

大亚湾开发区排污权交易实施方案研究

为保护大亚湾开发区的环境,充分运用社会主义市场经济手段配置环境资源,提高环保投资效益,在国内外排污权交易研究和实践的基础上,充分考虑环境污染物排放总量控制实施中的经济、技术、管理因素,提出了排污权交易实施的原则、程序等具体方案,明确了环境行政管理部门和企业法人在总量控制实施中的地位、具体行为和关系。研究结果已经在大亚湾开发区应用。     

The effect of environmental conditions on the ability of a constructed wetland to disinfect municipal wastewaters

Constructed wetlands are widely used all over the world for the treatment of municipal wastewaters, which are characterized by high concentrations of pathogens. The objectives of this study were (1) to study the effect of solar radiation and temperature on the ability of a constructed wetland to reduce the concentration of total coliforms (TC), and (2) to evaluate the relationship between the presence of Salmonella spp. in the outflow and the concentration of TC. The results of this study showed that under Mediterranean environmental conditions, the percentage reduction in coliforms was lower during winter compared to all other seasons. Maximum removal of coliforms was achieved under conditions of high solar radiation and temperature. In addition, solar radiation was found to play a greater role in coliform die-off at low temperatures than at high temperatures. Finally, it was found that the probability of Salmonella spp. appearance in the outflow of the wetland was related to the concentration of TC. The increase in coliform bacteria in the effluents also increased the chances of Salmonella appearance. The risk of Salmonella spp. appearance in the outflow is minimized when the concentration of TC is below 10²/100 mL.     

污染物排放总量控制及其在县区范围内实施的探讨

总量控制是我国的一项新出台的环境政策,将有利于我国的经济可持续发展,有助于我国的环境管理向高级阶段转移,是今后污染控制的主要手段。本文分析了总量控制的概念其特点,并结合我国县区的情况,探讨了总量控制实施的技术条件,提出了县区实施总量控制的几点建议。     

Microbiological water quality and its relation to nitrogen and phosphorus at the Pareja limno-reservoir (Guadalajara, Spain)

Bordering on the edge of the Entrepeñas reservoir (Guadalajara, Spain), next to the village of Pareja, a small dam that allows a body of water to develop with a constant level has been built. Initiatives like this (which we have termed “limno-reservoirs”) are innovative in Spain and around the world. Earlier reservoirs such as this one were constructed to create a habitat for birds, but the Pareja limno-reservoir is the first to promote socio-economic development.