湖南骑田岭岩体北东部角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩的40Ar-39Ar定年及其意义

对骑田岭岩体主体仰天湖单元粗中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩进行了黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄测定,获得坪年龄为(155.1±1.8)Ma,等时线年龄为(154.7±1.8)Ma.该年龄样品提高了骑田岭岩体形成时代的面上控制程度,与前人有关高精度年代资料一起说明骑田岭序列为中侏罗世末-晚侏罗世初形成的大岩基,基本排除其内部有其它时代成分的可能.结合骑田岭地区锡矿与花岗岩的关系,认为江口一带具有寻找锡矿的前景.     

安徽黄梅尖地区基性岩脉K-Ar年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

在野外地质调查和室内综合研究的基础上,通过对黄梅尖地区辉绿玢岩K-Ar年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征进行研究,探讨辉绿玢岩的形成时代、岩石成因及构造背景。K-Ar年代学研究表明,辉绿玢岩形成于～107 Ma,是早白垩世岩浆活动的产物,形成时代晚于该地区火山岩和侵入岩,与该地区铀成矿年龄基本一致;辉绿玢岩的侵入可能是该地区岩浆作用的最后一幕,铀成矿可能与辉绿玢岩具有成因联系。地球化学特征表明,辉绿玢岩富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、U、Pb和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,具有较高的I_(sr)值和负ε_(Nd)(t)值,具有富集地幔源区特征;辉绿玢岩是在地壳伸展和岩石圈减薄的构造背景下,由俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔部分熔融形成的,表明～107 Ma时该地区仍处于伸展构造环境下。     

对含钽花岗岩矿床成矿时代的认识

<正> 长期以来,不少地质学家都把含钽花岗岩看作是燕山晚期演化的产物,而含铌花岗岩则是燕山早期分异的结果。迄今对燕山期时代的划分总未一致,但大体上燕山早期在165—190Ma;晚期则是139—70Ma。笔者根据414矿床及其邻区的钾-氩法同位素年龄测定结果认为,含钽花岗岩成岩成矿时代属燕山早期。这与已往的资料是有区别的。     

江西修水花山洞钨矿床同位素年代学研究及其意义

江西修水花山洞钨矿床是近年来新发现的钨矿床,与华南地区大量钨矿床与燕山期岩浆活动相关的传统认识不同,该矿床形成于晋宁期,成矿作用与晋宁期岩浆作用密切相关。本文通过对该矿区与成矿作用关系密切的花岗闪长岩和矿体矿石中辉钼矿同位素年代学研究,获得了花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素加权平均年龄为863±18 Ma(MSWD=0.024)、辉钼矿Re-Os同位素加权平均年龄为805±5 Ma(MSWD=1.01)。结果表明,花山洞钨矿床成矿年龄略晚于矿区花岗闪长岩,显示了成矿作用与花岗闪长岩分异演化一致,花山洞钨矿床成矿时代为晋宁期,是晋宁期岩浆活动的产物。     

江西南部鹤仔片麻状花岗岩类Pb-Pb同位素年龄及地质意义

江西南部鹤仔一带的片麻状花岗岩体是在武夷山西南坡江西境内发现的最古老的片麻状花岗岩体.选取晶形好,无磁性锆石进行了Pb-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得片麻状黑云母二长花岗岩体1848±20Ma、1774±20Ma,片麻状花岗闪长岩体为996±29Ma.它对进一步认识该区"中条"至"晋宁"期岩浆活动构造背景,中深变质岩时代确定等具有一定的意义.     

内蒙古北山地区斑状花岗闪长岩地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

北山地区斑状花岗闪长岩是明水岩浆弧的一个重要组成部分,位于北山北带,至今未见可靠的同位素年龄报道。本文在运用阴极发光技术对岩体中的锆石进行细致的内部结构分析的基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb原位定年方法进行同位素年龄测定。结果表明,单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为277 Ma~283 Ma,加权平均年龄为279.5±1.6 Ma,花岗闪长岩主体形成于华力西晚期。地球化学研究显示,A/NCK>1.05,刚玉分子含量>1%;轻稀土元素相对重稀土元素明显富集,LREE/HREE为16.89~18.58,伴有弱的Eu负异常(δEu为0.76~0.92);富集强不相容元素Rb、Th、K,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有高钾钙碱性过铝质花岗岩的特征。结合区域地质背景,认为斑状花岗闪长岩形成于后碰撞的构造环境,这限制了红石山洋闭合时限早于279.5±1.6 Ma。     

三十里营房地区花岗岩类Rb-Sr等时年龄研究

本文对喀喇昆仑—昆仑山地区三十里营房一带花岗岩类进行了Rb-Sr黑云母等时年龄研究,三十里营房闪长岩,Rb-Sr黑云母等时年龄为539Ma,属于寒武纪。赛图拉西花岗闪长岩Rb-Sr黑云母等时年龄为215Ma,相当于晚三叠纪。结果还表明在晚古生代公格尔-阿克阿卡孜岩帝中,存在早古生代花岗岩类。     

福建龙海深澳变质岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学及地质意义

通过研究福建龙海深澳变质岩岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学特征,探讨研究区变质岩的源岩、原岩和构造动力变质的年代学特征及其地质意义。结果表明该区变质岩属副变质岩,原岩为火山—沉积岩类。锆石U-Pb同位素定年的结果主要有:(1)1572±39 Ma及2149±39 Ma,为中元古代和古元古代基底的区域变质年龄;(2)248.1±8.1Ma及250.4±2.4Ma,为早、晚三叠世火山—岩浆年龄;(3)186.4±6.6 Ma,为早侏罗世火山—沉积岩形成年龄;(4)156.7±2.0Ma,为晚侏罗世韧性剪切变形、变质形成二云石英糜棱岩或片岩的峰期年龄。     

扎河坝蛇绿岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf-O同位素组成及其地质意义

扎河坝蛇绿岩位于准噶尔北缘,是扎河坝—阿尔曼太蛇绿混杂岩带的一部分。通过对蛇绿混杂岩中堆晶辉长岩和凝灰岩夹层的锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf-O同位素进行研究,获得堆晶辉长岩的结晶年龄为485±4Ma,凝灰岩的喷发年龄为401±2.5Ma。辉长岩极度亏损Hf同位素,εHf(t)为13~20,δ~(18)O峰值为+5.37‰,显示其具有地幔特征。凝灰岩锆石的Hf同位素亏损程度低于堆晶辉长岩,εHf(t)为1.4~9.2。扎河坝蛇绿岩具有典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩特征,是通过俯冲增生到洋内弧弧前的蛇绿岩。     

新疆尼勒克南部地区花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄

对巴斯陶萨依、莫斯早特套花岗斑岩地质、地球化学特点,锆石的特征进行了详细的研究和单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定。获得巴斯陶萨依岩浆结晶锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为241.3±3.6 Ma,以及继承性锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为292.3±5.6 Ma。综合各方面因素认为这两个岩体侵位时代为早三叠世(印支早期)。     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.