中国、印度和世界的新秩序 《世界报告2006》(STATE OF THE WORLD 2006)第一章

中国和印度几乎同时出现在世界舞台表明国际事务的架构发生了史无前例的变化。这两个占世界人口40％的巨人,其人口相当于位居其后的20 个人口最多国家的人口总和。在十九和二十世纪,这两个巨人长期在主宰国际事务的欧洲、日本和美国的阴影之下沉睡。     

气候变化中国与欧洲能源和气候安全相互仍存性

英国皇家国际事务研究所对此报告保留所有权利.报告详情可登陆网址:www.chathamhouse.org.uk 注:查塔姆研究所(英国皇家国际事务研究所)作为一家独立机构,一贯致力于促进国际问题的严谨研究,但不发表其自身意见.本出版物中所发表的意见由"中国与欧洲能源和气候安全相互依存性"项目团队负责,并行使其自身职责,并不一定反映本工作的多个参与机构或主办方的观点.     

国外环境污染及其控制技术简介

国外环境污染状况七十年代以来,国外科技界普遍关心和致力解决的问题有四个方面: 1.控制人口问题。从节制生育和增加食物生产着手,解决人口日益增长的问题; 2.环境保护和控制污染问题; 3.扩大自然资源和能源利用问题; 4.探索生命科学的秘密,包括疑难病的防治和控制衰老问题,能源利用和疑难病这两个问题,直接与环境污染有关。为什么环境问题被提到这么重要的议事日程上来研究,这就不能不首先谈谈当前世界的污染状况。本来人与环境的相互关系是在经常变化着的,不过这种变化一般说来在一代人中是觉察不到的,但是,今天的变化却异常地快。在发     

“大卫大战歌利亚”

圣经里有这样一个故事,以色列的民族英雄大卫在面对外族入侵时,凭着自己的勇气和智慧击败了看似无比强大的异族巨人歌利亚.上个世纪90年代,这一幕在大西洋东部的海面上再次上演.     

英、法城市环境管理见闻之二——关于解决城市工业污染和扰民问题

英法两国的工业,首先是在城市发展起来的.而工业越发达,则人口越密集;人口越密集,越容易促使工、商业集中.这是一般城市发展的规律.而这样一来,城市工业污染扰民问题,也逐渐地突出起     

地球审查——1972～1992年的世界环境

1.人口数量与人体健康在90年代,地球上不得不把原来供2人的有限资源用来供应3口人——相当于每年增加9700万人口。在人类历史上这10年人口增长最快。从1970～1990年间世界人口数量增加了40％多——相当于16亿人。在下两个10年中增长速度会更快,将达17亿,从而使地球总人数增达70亿。但从那以后,地球人口年增长率将会下降,到2110年人口数量将保持在105亿左右。其实这些巨大增长掩盖了人口增长率已经下降的事实。现在在发达国家人口增长率仅为0.5％,在发展中国家增长率     

中国有责任推动节能减排

第二次世界大战之后,全球有两个问题值得大家关注,一个是人口增加,另一个是经济开发.帕克斯基在2001年的时候说,人类在改变我们的地球.     

沿海地区海洋生态环境承载力定量化研究——以青岛市为例

以青岛市为例,通过因子分析法从10个指标中选取影响沿海地区海洋生态环境承载力动态变化的3个主因子,将其归为二方面的因素,第一主因子为人口和经济因素,第二主因子和第三主因子为海洋环境污染因素.依据这3个主因子的因子得分,用熵值法进行赋权,计算了1998～2005年青岛市海洋生态环境承载力的综合得分,进而得出,虽然青岛市海洋生态环境承载力的两大主要压力(人口和经济)逐年增长,但其仍朝良好的方向发展,并对引起这一结果的主要原因进行了解释,从而为海洋生态环境承载力的定量化计算提供了理论依据,对沿海地区的海洋生态环境管理有重要意义.     

浅论人口与环境

浅论人口与环境菏泽地区环境保护局谢冰实行计划生育、控制人口增长和保护环境，造福人类作为我国的两大基本国策，并依宪法的形式确定下来，这充分体现了我国对人口和环境问题的高度重视，同时也说明了解决人口和环境问题的重要性和迫切性。人口与环境问题同时作为两大基...     

国外动态

·世界人口增长统计资料·现在世界的人口为53亿,到2000年将达到62.5亿。人口递增速率为每秒钟3人,每天25万人,每年9000万至1亿人。世界上许多地区的人口增长率,已超过地球供养的能力。人口增长并不平衡。人口增长的90％以上,将在供养能力最差的发展中地区和国家。城市正在按人口总增长率的2倍增长。20个最大城市中的17个,位于发展中国家。人口快速增长给资源和环境带来了危害。诸如土地和水资源的减少和枯竭,砍伐森林,温室气体的增加和臭氧层的破坏等等。雪莉译自《Pollution Eny.Policy & Technology》Vol.21,No.9,P.15(1991) ·欧委会制定建议性“臭氧法会”·最近,欧委会制定了建议性“臭氧法会”。规定了在     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.