韶石山丹霞地貌地学成因史话

韶石山丹霞地貌的形成是经历了河湖盆地堆积—红岩抬升成台地—江流再冲刷剥蚀的全过程，是晚第三纪以来产物，已有2000余万年的演变历史。韶石山山水环境佳绝，新石器时代已有先民生息，历代多名人赞咏。     

韶石山- -丹霞地貌丹霞山的姐妹山

广东北部丹霞盆地是中、新生代内陆山间盆地，由早第三纪红色岩层构成的丹霞山和韶石山，是丹霞地貌命名标准地区的姐妹山。韶石山因舜帝南巡奏韶乐而得名，后为韶关市命名的主山。自古以三十六奇石著称于世。近年已逐步开发和开展旅游活动。     

沭河古道浮游植物多样性季节动态与水质分析

2016年按季节在沭河古道采集水样分析,依据分析结果建议:(1)加强沭河古道渔业管理,科学适度养殖,限制人工养鹅和网箱养殖规模,适量投放鲢鱼和鳙鱼。(2)优化沭河古道水道格局和功能,实施沭河与沭河古道的联通,定时开闸放水,保持水流通畅,从而改善水环境。     

地质地球化学 总目录 (1973——1983)

__中大陆区的热液体系··········,····……(1080)(10)(6) 文献篇名年期页;,蔺。;。:;二*二。。本二::。r1:、 入’私调.,用六镁质和钙质夕卡岩中金属矿床的 、矿产研究》顶侧评价和找矿标志(文摘).·……(19叭夕(9)(28)新的地球观和海底矿床······,·····……(1974)(4)(25)论镁质夕卡岩和钙质夕卡岩中金成矿作用的构造条件—决少创为属矿床的预测评价及普查标志·一(扣82)(5仄35) 生矿床成因特点的因素之一·,··,·…(197幼(3)(10)大洋中脊轴的热液活动············……(一19韶)(艺)(68)板块构造与成…     

梅岭、梅关、古道与梅花

梅岭，又名大瘐岭，为南岭山系五岭之首。梅关是粤赣交界的险关要塞，素有“岭南第一关”之誉，秦汉以前已存在。梅岭以梅花著称。古道与关同时出现，到唐初张九龄扩展岭路成坦途。     

长征圣地腊子口正在流泪!

腊子口是川西北和甘南藏区通往甘肃内地岷迭古道之咽喉,是一处"一夫当关、万夫莫开"的天险.     

蛇绿岩鉴别的关键问题探讨

蛇绿岩的鉴别足蛇绿岩与地球动力学研究的基本问题之一。不同时代、不同成因及不同构造背景下形成的蛇绿岩，它们的端员组分大多不太完整，并且各不相同，但堆积来岩是必不可少的。蛇绿岩鉴别的关键问题就是堆积来岩的判别研究，应加强对典型蛇绿岩中堆积杂岩的系统研究，以期总结出一套有效的判别标志用于蛇绿岩的鉴别。     

日本的重要油源:晚第三纪硅藻

日本的主要油气田都位于从北海道中部延伸到本州东北部的地区。主要产油气地层一般是秋田盆地的中中新统（约12～10Ma）女川组和其它盆地的同位地层。这些地层组主要由燧石岩、硅质页岩、硅藻岩、泥岩、泥灰岩和酸性火山碎屑岩组成。用岩石评价仅分析得出的相当于女川组的青森盆地的中新统大枥和女川组源岩的生油潜力表明，与该盆地的其它地层组相比，其生油潜力具最高值。TOC、S1和S2的平均含量一般增高的顺序是泥质岩→硅藻岩→硅质页岩→燧石岩。对质页岩的有机质属于Ⅰ型，泥庙岩的属于Ⅲ型，而硅藻岩和送石岩的则为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型之间的过渡型。这些岩石的有机质的成熟度一般比平均源岩要低。除了n-烷属烃和芳香烃外，通过热解气相色谱还在干酪报产生的烃类中发现了许多未知成分。根据芳香烃（甲苯十p-二甲苯）、轻n-烷属烃（C8～C10）和重n-烷属烃（C11～C20）的相对含量，这些岩石可分为三类：轻n-烷属烃和普通芳香烃（主要是燧石岩）类、富重n-烷属烃和贫芳香烃（主要是硅质页岩）类和贫轻n-烷属烃和富芳香烃（主要是硅藻岩）类。利用气相色谱／质谱法测定沥青的豆甾烷、麦角甾烷和胆甾烷的成分比可以证明，有机质的类型具开阔大洋成因性质。成熟度的化学指示剂（如CPI和甾烷与三萜烷的异构化）可能     

德兴-黄山断裂带及其邻区的地质研究进展

德兴－黄山断裂带以往都被认为是由伏川蛇绿岩套、赣东北蛇绿岩带组成的中元新古代蛇绿混杂岩带，代表扬子板块与华夏板块拼贴的北西界缝合线。近年来的地质调查表明，扬子和华夏两板块拼贴带大致介于宜丰－景德镇断裂、萍乡－广丰－江山断裂带之间，是一个多期碰撞造山带，称江南复合混杂岩带，而德兴－黄山断裂带则不具板块边界性质，仅是该混杂岩带内的一条分隔次级构造单元的边界断裂，总体呈NNE向展布，包括赣东北蛇绿混杂岩和一系列NNE向韧性剪切带和脆性断裂。伏川蛇绿岩和赣东北蛇绿岩走向上无法连接，分别代表江南复合混杂岩带内不同拉分小洋盆的沉积－构造混杂产物。本文对断裂带及其邻区前震旦纪地层重新划分进行了论述。     

韧性剪切带的地球化学变异研究──以胶南造山带北缘剪切带为例

胶南造山带北缘剪切带，随着变形程度的增强，其构造岩的岩石化学成分发生明显的变异；在总结成分变异特征的基础上，分析了成分变异与体积变化、渗流流体作用的关系．确定了体积变化是造成构造岩成分变异的主要原因；同时存在大量的渗流流体作用，造成一些组分的迁移。在此基础上，讨论了花岗质构造岩在韧性变形过程中成分的迁移规律。     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.