Fe(Ⅲ)/苹果酸/H_2O_2体系对有机物的光降解特性研究

系统研究了可见光照射下染料橙黄Ⅱ在Fe(Ⅲ)/苹果酸/H2O2体系中的脱色情况,考查了光源、pH值、Fe(Ⅲ)、苹果酸、H2O2及染料初始浓度等因素对橙黄Ⅱ脱色效率的影响.结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)/苹果酸/H2O2体系在可见光照射下能有效实现橙黄Ⅱ的脱色,在pH为5.0的条件下仍然具有较强的降解有机物的能力.该体系对橙黄Ⅱ的脱色率高于Fe(Ⅲ)/H2O2体系或Fe(Ⅲ)/苹果酸体系,光反应符合表观一级反应动力学规律.随着光强的增加,橙黄Ⅱ的脱色率增大.太阳光是该体系的有效光源,本体系具有利用太阳光的潜力.     

Naval derusting wastewater containing high concentration of iron, treated in UV photo-Fenton-like oxidation

The UV photooxidation with Fe(III) and H2O2 was employed to treat a naval derusting wastewater, which contains the high COD (chemical oxygen demand) and various metal concentrations exceptionally with high concentrations of citric acid and iron. Because of its iron containment, the Fenton-like reaction automatically took place with the added amount of H2O2. The decomposition rate was found in a sequence of: UV/H2O2/Fe(III) > UV/H2O2 > Fe(II)/H2O2. Two H2O2 injection methods, single and multiple points, were evaluated. The multiple-point H2O2 injection was more e cient to decompose the citric acid. The decomposition of the synthetic citric acid and the real derusting citric acid wastewater was also compared. The 93% COD reduction of the derusting wastewater was achieved using the UV/H2O2/Fe(III) treatment.     

不同Fe(III)对活性污泥异化铁还原及除磷影响研究

以SBBR反应器活性污泥作为铁还原菌菌种来源,采用兼性厌氧/严格厌氧恒温培养试验,投加不同Fe(III)考察各条件下的异化铁还原能力,同时比较对磷的去除效果.结果表明:2种条件下Fe(III)还原能力具有较好的一致性,依次为:Fe(OH)3>氧化铁皮>青矿>红矿,其中严格厌氧条件下较好.同时,除磷效果与其呈正相关,富集培养至7d, Fe(OH)3及氧化铁皮体系出水磷浓度均达到2mg/L以下,之后继续降低,最终达到0.5mg/L以下.结合异化铁还原除磷机理,可以证明,不同Fe(III)表面吸附作用对TP的去除贡献较小,其主要作用为铁还原菌驱动下的化学沉淀去除.     

光化学法降解水中氯代苯酚的研究进展

氯代苯酚（一氯、二氯、三氯、四氯和五氯苯酚）是一类重要的有机污染物。文章综合评述了它们在水中光化学降解的国内外研究进展，并比较各种高级氧化技术（ＵＶ、ＵＶ／Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＵＶ／Ｏ３、ＵＶ／Ｈ２Ｏ２／Ｆｅ（Ⅱ／Ⅲ）、ＵＶ／ＴｉＯ２）降解这些有机物的效率与影响因素，分析了它们的降解产物和分布及其反应机理。     

Effect of Fe（Ⅲ） on the bromate reduction by humic substances in aqueous solution

Humic substances are ubiquitous redox-active organic compounds of environment. In this study, experiments were conducted to determine the reduction capacity of humic acid in the man-ix of bromate and Fe（Ⅲ） solutions and the role of Fe（Ⅲ） in this redox process. The results showed that the humic acid regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） and reduced bromate abiotically. The addition of Fe（Ⅲ） could accelerate the bromate reduction rate by forming humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes. Iron species acts as electron mediator and catalyst for the bromate reduction by humic acid, in which humic acid transfers electrons to the complexed Fe（Ⅲ） to form Fe（Ⅱ）, and the regenerated Fe（Ⅱ） donate the electrons to bromate. The kinetics study on bromate reduction further indicated that bromate reduction by humic acid-Fe（Ⅲ） complexes is pH dependent. The rate decreased by 2-fold with the increase in solution pH by one unit. The reduction capacity of Aldrich humic acid was observed to be lower than that of humic acid or natural organic matter of Suwanne River, indicating that such redox process is expected to occur in the environment.     

Exploitation of Fenton and Fenton-like reagents as alternative conditioners for alum sludge conditioning

The use of Fenton’s reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) and Fenton-like reagents containing transition metals of Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) for an alum sludge conditioning to improve its dewaterability was investigated. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from conditioning the same alum sludge using cationic and anionic polymers. Experimental results show that Fenton’s reagent was the best among the Fenton and Fenton-like reagents for the alum sludge conditioning. A considerable e ectiveness of capillary suction time (CST) reduction e ciency of 47% can be achieved under test conditions of Fe2+/H2O2 = 20/125 mg/g DS (dry solid) and pH 6.0. The observation of floc-like particles after Fenton’s reagent conditioning of alum sludge suggested that the mechanism of Fenton’s reagent conditioning was di erent from that of polymer conditioning. In spite of the lower e ciency in the CST reduction of Fenton’s reagent in alum sludge conditioning compared to that of polymer conditioning, Fenton’s reagent o ers a more environmentally safe option. This study provided an example of proactive treatment engineering, which is aimed at seeking a safe alternative to the use of polymers in sludge conditioning towards achieving a more sustainable sludge management strategy.     

Fe(Ⅱ)强化声化学降解偶氮染料酸性红B的研究

采用50kHz超声降解偶氮染料酸性红B(ARB),考察了溶液pH和Fe(Ⅱ)浓度对ARB声化学降解过程的影响.结果表明,酸性条件有利于ARB的脱色过程.超声过程中H₂O₂的浓度随时间线性增加.Fe(Ⅱ)和H₂O₂反应生成·OH,强化了ARB的声化学脱色速率和降解过程.当Fe(Ⅱ)浓度为1.43 mg/L和2.85 mg/L时,ARB的脱色速率(在515 nm处)分别提高了1.17倍和1.75倍.同时,ARB在322 nm和254 nm处的紫外吸收亦明显下降.     

磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4吸附砷的性能

根据Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)都对砷有较强的亲和性,制备了同时含有Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的、可用磁分离方法进行分离回收的磁性吸附材料CuFe₂O₄,并对其进行了表征及吸附砷的性能研究.结果表明,该吸附剂对砷的吸附能力与溶液pH有关,在弱酸性及中性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强,而对As(V)的吸附能力比对As(Ⅲ)更强些,在平衡浓度为10μg/L时,其吸附容量可达10mg/g左右,可以很容易地将水中浓度为1～20mg/L的As(V)降到10μg/L以下.实验考察了几种无机阴离子对吸附砷的影响,表明较高浓度(砷浓度的20倍)的硫酸盐对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的吸附均有一定影响,盐酸盐及磷酸盐则影响不明显;负载的As(V)可较容易地用0.1mol/L NaOH洗脱下来,使吸附剂再生,而As(Ⅲ)则难以洗脱,这与2种价态砷的吸附机理不同有关.     

Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds

Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene (NB).Effects of reactants concentration (O3,H2O2,and Fe(II)),temperature,and pH on NB degradation were monitored.Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed.A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2,higher temperatures,and more acidic conditions(pH 3).Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose,higher temperatures,and more basic conditions(pH 11).Complete NB degradation in 65 min Was achieved using Fenton process.The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mg/L of initial NB concentration,were 250 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,pH 3,and 10 mg/L of Fe(Ⅱ) concentration.Under these conditions,55% organic carbon elimination Was achieved.Total organic carbon mineralization Was attained in 240 min reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H2O2 concentration,and 30 mg/L of Fe(II) concentration.Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic;the reaction rate constant Was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min-1.Complete NB degradation wag also achieyed for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L.The ozonation Was studied at different ozone doses.different initial pH(7-11)and at difierent temperatures(15-35℃).NB ozonation kinetic Was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic.The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20℃ from 0.004 to 0.020 min-1 as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9g/L.     

铁-草酸配合物光分解降解活性染料的研究

研究了铁（Ⅲ)-草酸配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下，对活性染料的光解降解作用。结果表明，在pH=4．0、Fe(Ⅲ)／H2E2O4=0．060mmol／L／2．88mmol／L(草酸分2次加入)、光照3h的条件下，20mg／L的活性红的降解率为97．5％。溶液pH值、铁与草酸浓度比和活性染料浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite by bioreduced nontronite

The redox state of arsenic controls its toxicity and mobility in the subsurface environment. Understanding the redox reactions of arsenic is particularly important for addressing its environmental behavior. Clay minerals are commonly found in soils and sediments, which are an important host for arsenic. However, limited information is known about the redox reactions between arsenic and structural Fe in clay minerals. In this study, the redox reactions between As(III)/As(V) and structural Fe in nontronite NAu-2 were investigated in anaerobic batch experiments. No oxidation of As(III) was observed by the native Fe(III)-NAu-2. Interestingly, anaerobic oxidation of As(III) to As(V) occurred after Fe(III)-NAu-2 was bioreduced. Furthermore, anaerobic oxidization of As(III) by bioreduced NAu-2 was significantly promoted by increasing Fe(III)-NAu-2 reduction extent and initial As(III) concentrations. Bioreduction of Fe(III)-NAu-2 generated reactive Fe(III)-O-Fe(II) moieties at clay mineral edge sites. Anaerobic oxidation of As(III) was attributed to the strong oxidation activity of the structural Fe(III) within the Fe(III)-O-Fe(II) moieties. Our results provide a potential explanation for the presence of As(V) in the anaerobic subsurface environment. Our findings also highlight that clay minerals can play an important role in controlling the redox state of arsenic in the natural environment.     

高级氧化处理苯酚废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂和O3对COD为950mg/L的苯酚废水进行化学氧化处理,通过实验确定各自最佳的运行参数。Fenton:n(H2O2)=36mmol/L,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=3,pH为3,反应时间为2h,COD去除率为90%;O3:投加量为1200mg/L,pH为11时COD的去除率为60%,两种氧化技术都有较好的处理效果。     

Fenton法氧化甲基橙溶液的脱色动力学实验研究

实验对甲基橙的Fenton氧化脱色降解反应过程进行了研究,结果表明在pH值为3、反应温度为30℃的反应条件下,Fenton试剂氧化甲基橙溶液脱色反应可以用一级动力学过程来描述,而且其反应速率常数受到亚铁离子初始浓度和过氧化氢初始浓度的影响很大,经过数据拟合分别得到了反应速率常数与亚铁离子初始浓度和过氧化氢初始浓度之间的数学关系。实验还对30℃～60℃不同温度下的Fenton反应过程进行了考察,结果表明不同温度下Fenton氧化甲基橙的脱色反应仍可以用一级动力学过程来描述,而且其反应速率常数受温度变化的影响不大,基本保持恒定。     

水中安乃近高级氧化法去除及其产物的毒性评价

在实验室规模下,利用UV、H2O2、UV/H2O2、Fenton和UV/Fenton等高级氧化技术降解安乃近并对其降解产物进行毒性评价.在对各参数(pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、光照时间)优化的基础上,用TOC去除率和降解率对降解效果进行评价.安乃近及其光催化降解中间产物在水溶液中的毒性通过其对普通小球藻的生长抑制作用评价,并以96h的半数效应浓度(EC50)表示.结果表明,UV/Fenton对安乃近的降解率最大(96%),最佳降解条件为pH3,Fe2+、H2O2浓度分别为2,140mg/L.初期降解产物的生物毒性比母体化合物大,其EC50达到最小值(13.65mg/L),随降解时间的延长,EC50值逐渐增大,在180min为44.07mg/L,小球藻生长状况良好,表明含低浓度安乃近的水溶液经过UV/Fenton法处理后对水中生物已不具有危害作用.     

铁系混凝剂对大红染料废水处理效果研究

采用Fe(NO)3.39H2O和FeSO.47H2O混凝剂处理模拟大红染料废水,通过改变各药剂投加量及废水pH值,考察其对废水COD和色度的去除效果。实验结果表明:两种混凝剂在处理大红染料废水中都表现出了较好的脱色性能,而Fe(NO3)3.9H2O的去除性能较FeSO.47H2O更为优越。Fe(NO)3.39H2O对染料废水的脱色作用十分显著,所有的脱色率都在86%以上。当投加量为0.18 g时,脱色率达最大值93.3%;当投加量为0.24 g时,COD去除率为63.6%。FeSO.47H2O对废水色度的去除效果好于COD的去除。其最佳投加量为1.5 g,此时,脱色率达82.4%;当投加量为0.9 g时,COD去除率为51.8%。Fe(NO)3.39H2O在pH为5.0~9.0之间处理效果都较好,当pH=8时,其脱色率最高,为93.4%;FeSO.47H2O在pH为6.0~8.0之间最佳,当pH=8时,脱色率最高为83.2%。     

水钠锰矿的Mn（Ⅲ）分布及Na4P2O7溶液处理对其铅吸附性能的影响

以深入理解水钠锰矿结构中低价锰离子的含量及分布对其铅吸附性能的影响为目的,通过不同pH（pH为2、4、5）的焦磷酸钠溶液络合浸提酸性水钠锰矿结构中的Mn（Ⅱ）和Mn（Ⅲ）,研究了浸提锰离子的形态、含量、矿物的锰平均氧化度和Pb2＋的吸附量及其伴随Mn2＋、H＋释放量的变化.结果表明,锰平均氧化度为3.670的酸性水钠锰...     

Fenton法处理水中4,4’-二溴联苯及动力学研究

多溴联苯是一类具有持久性有机物特性的难降解物质对环境造成很大危害。应用H2O2/Fe2+对水中的4,4’-二溴联苯(4,4’-DBB)去除效果及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:pH值对4,4’-DBB的去除率的影响很大,反应时间、起始质量浓度以及H2O2/Fe2+的摩尔比对DBB的去除率的影响也较大。当H2O2和Fe2+的摩尔比为10:1,pH=1.4￣2.4时,处理初始浓度为2mg/L 4,4’-DBB的水溶液2h,4,4’-DBB去除率最高可达到99%以上,说明Fenton试剂可将4,4’-DBB基本完全去除。研究还发现4mg/L绝对去除率>2mg/L,说明该方法有利于处理较高浓度的4,4’-DBB,具有一定的工业应用价值。经拟合发现4,4’-DBB的降解符合拟一级反应规律,并推导出动力学方程。     

Simultaneous adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) by the iron-sulfur codoped biochar composite:Competitive and synergistic effects

Simultaneous elimination of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater is still a great challenge.In this work,an iron-sulfur codoped biochar (Fe/S-BC) was successfully fabricated in a simplified way and was applied to the remediate the co-pollution of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The positive enthalpy indicated that the adsorption in As-Pb co-pollution was an endothermic reaction.The mechanism of As(Ⅲ) removal could be illustrated by surface complexation,oxidation and precipitation.In addition to precipitation and com...     

Fenton去除废水中甲基多巴的机制及动力学

采用Fenton试剂处理甲基多巴废水的实验结果表明, Fenton试剂能有效地去除甲基多巴及其降解产物引起的COD.不同的Fe2 ﹕H2O2,(摩尔比)下甲基多巴的Fenton反应机理有显著的差异,在高Fe 2﹕H2O2(≥2)时,反应机制是H2O2促进Fe2 的絮凝作用;在中Fe2 ﹕H2O2(=1)时,反应机制是兼有氧化和絮凝沉淀作用;在低Fe2 ﹕H2O2(≤0.2)时,反应机制是氧化作用,包括Fe2 催化H2O2氧化和Fe4 aq高价水合铁直接络合去除.针对低Fe2 ﹕H2O2(≤0.2)时甲基多巴的Fenton反应机制,建立了相应的动力学模型.模型值与实验值吻合良好,误差<10%,说明该反应动力学模型能较好地描述甲基多巴的Fenton去除过程.