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针对聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺生产工艺中废气排放量大、尾气吸收得到的盐酸含油量高、难以销售等问题,在分析原因的基础上,对尾气吸收系统进行了技术改进。尾气吸收系统改进后,排放的HCl和Cl2的质量浓度分别由65,42mg/m^3降至为零;产品综合收率由89.5%增加至96.0%;产品成本降低了700元/t。 相似文献
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用活性炭粒子群电催化反应器处理氯苯和硝基苯生产废水 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
采用自制的活性炭粒子群电催化反应器对氯苯和硝基苯生产废水进行处理,考察了槽电流、停留时间对氯苯、硝基苯去除效果的影响。在槽电流20-25A、停留时间30min的条件下,氯苯生产废水中的氯苯质量浓度为3.3~109.9mg/L、苯质量浓度为13.1—395.7mg/L时,氯苯和苯的去除率分别在99%和97%以上,TOC和色度的去除率分别在71%和92%以上;硝基苯生产废水中硝基苯、二硝基苯酚、对硝基氯苯的质量浓度分别为4.5—292.3,83.3—348.0,69.5—93.9mg/L时,硝基苯和二硝基苯酚的去除率分别在96%和99%以上,TOC和色度去除率分别在90%和98%以上,对硝基氯苯在出水中未检出。 相似文献
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催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产废气 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用催化燃烧法处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产过程排放的含乙醛、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊烷、乙二醇的废气,用进口Pt Pd/Al2O3-CeO2球状催化剂作废气催化燃烧的催化剂。在催化燃烧反应器床层空速为20000h^-1、催化剂用量为935mL、反应器入口温度为250℃、进口废气总烃质量浓度为2555~5099mg/m^3的条件下,处理后废气的总烃质量浓度为1~38mg/m^3,远低于120mg/m^3的国家排放标准,且总烃去除率达到98.6%~100%,乙醛质量浓度小于99mg/m^3,低于125mg/m^3的国家排放标准。 相似文献
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用泰德拉气体采样袋采样,自动进样气相色谱法测定气体中的非甲烷烃含量。甲烷、总烃的线性范围分别为0~2439,0—2066mg/m^3。进样量为1mL时,检出限为0.02mg/m^3(信噪比为3)。对3种不同浓度甲烷与丙烷混合标准气进行测定,重复性相对标准偏差为0.4%-1.0%。对4种不同性质的试样进行加标回收实验,加标回收率为96.7%-102.0%。5名实验人员分别用自动进样法及手动进样法分析4种不同性质的试样,自动进样法的重现性相对标准偏差为1.2%~1.8%,优于手动进样法的6.5%~8.3%。该法可一次连续测定21个试样,精密度高、重现性好、分析效率高。 相似文献
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钯离子液相催化氧化低浓度磷化氢 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用Pd^2+液相催化氧化低浓度PH3,考察了Pd^2+浓度、O2体积分数、PH3质量浓度、混合气流量、反应温度等因素对Pd^2+吸收液去除低浓度PH3效果的影响。实验结果表明,采用10mL Pd^2+浓度为0.112mol/L的水溶液作为吸收液净化含低浓度PH3的混合气,在反应温度22℃、O2体积分数5%、PH3质量浓度850mg/m^3、混合气流量190mL/min的条件下,印min之内PH3去除率保持在90%以上。Pd^2+浓度越高、O2体积分数越大、反应温度越高,PH3去除率越高;混合气流量越大,PH3去除率越低;反应温度越低、O2体积分数越大,PH3去除率的下降速率越小。 相似文献
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采用自行设计的收集、吸收方法回收湿法聚氨酯(Pu)合成革生产废气中的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),废气由集气罩收集,经填料吸收塔被水吸收后,出口废气中DMF质量浓度小于14.5mg/m^3,远低于国家标准40mg/m^3的排放要求,整个吸收塔DMF的吸收率达95%。采用自主开发的节能型三塔工艺回收废水中的DMF,废水处理能力达13.8t/h,DMF回收率达99%以上,回收的DMF纯度为99.95%。以3条湿法PU合成革生产线计,采用节能型三塔回收工艺,预计每年可增加效益354.3万元。 相似文献
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隔离曝气生物反应器处理含硫含酚碱渣 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
采用隔离曝气生物反应器(简称反应器)处理含硫含酚碱渣(简称碱渣),探讨了碱渣中硫化物的去除机理.研究了反应器中的挂膜驯化过程,考察了水力停留时间、气水体积比(简称气水比)及反冲洗周期等对碱渣中硫化物、挥发酚、COD和油等污染物处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,在碱渣处理量为1m^3/h、气水比为36:1、水力停留时间为12.0h,反冲洗周期为3~5d的条件下,经过隔离曝气生物氧化工艺处理后碱渣的COD、硫化物、油和挥发酚的去除率分别为88%,99%,89%,85%,出水BOD,约为30mg/L,BOD,/COD小于0.1,处理1t碱渣的产泥量为0.17~0.26kg。 相似文献
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分别采用次氯酸钙单一体系和盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系对贫泥磷中的黄磷进行氧化处理,重点考察了盐酸浓度、次氯酸钙加入量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对贫泥磷中黄磷去除率的影响。实验结果表明:与单一次氯酸钙体系相比,盐酸的加入有效地破除了贫泥磷中的胶质结构,盐酸-次氯酸钙复合体系能有效地去除贫泥磷中的黄磷;在反应温度为60℃、盐酸浓度为2.4 mol/L、破胶反应时间为30 min、次氯酸钙加入量为250 g/L、氧化反应时间为3 h的最佳条件下,黄磷的去除率达到99.6%以上。 相似文献
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J. Hejzlar K. Šámalová P. Boers B. Kronvang 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):487-494
Steady-state models for the prediction of P retention coefficient (R) in lakes were evaluated using data from 93 natural lakes and 119 reservoirs situated in the temperate zone. Most of the
already existing models predicted R relatively successfully in lakes while it was seriously under-estimated in reservoirs. A statistical analysis indicated the
main causes of differences in R between lakes and reservoirs: (a) distinct relationships between P sedimentation coefficient, depth, and water residence
time; (b) existence of significant inflow–outflow P concentration gradients in reservoirs. Two new models of different complexity
were developed for estimating R in reservoirs: , where τ is water residence time (year), was derived from the Vollenweider/Larsen and Mercier model by adding a calibrated parameter
accounting for spatial P non-homogeneity in the water body, and is applicable for reservoirs but not lakes, and , where [Pin] is volume-weighted P concentration in all inputs to the water body (μg l−1), was obtained by re-calibrating the OECD general equation, and is generally applicable for both lakes and reservoirs. These
optimised models yield unbiased estimates over a large range of reservoir types. 相似文献
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Deborah J. Ballantine Desmond E. Walling Adrian L. Collins Graham J. L. Leeks 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(5-6):371-380
Deposition and storage of fine sediment on channel beds represents an important component of a catchment’s sediment budget
and can have important implications for sediment-associated P fluxes, due to storage and remobilisation, and for P concentrations
through water–sediment interactions. Spatial and temporal variations in P content and storage in fine bed sediment have been
studied in two UK lowland catchments, the Rivers Frome and Piddle in Dorset. Fine bed sediment was sampled in representative
reaches on a bi-monthly basis using a re-suspension cylinder, and the resulting samples were analysed for total P, a range
of P fractions and particle size. The results demonstrate significant spatial and temporal variability in PP concentrations
and storage, with maximum and minimum P concentrations and storage occurring in late summer and winter, respectively. Temporal
variations in concentrations reflect residence times of the sediment and ambient P concentrations, while variations in storage
are mainly due to hydrological regimes. Spatial variations reflect catchment characteristics, the location of inputs and local
variations in hydrological and channel bed conditions. 相似文献
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以磷石膏废渣为原料制备硫酸钙晶须,考察了硫酸钙晶须对模拟含磷废水中磷的去除效果,分析了初始废水pH、初始磷质量浓度、硫酸钙晶须加入量对磷吸附效果的影响,研究了硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附等温线,同时对吸附机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:硫酸钙晶须在碱性条件下对磷的去除率较酸性条件下高,且初始废水pH为10时去除效果最佳;最佳硫酸钙晶须加入量为0.03 g/mg(以磷计);在初始废水pH为10、初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、硫酸钙晶须加入量为1.5 g/L的条件下,于25 ℃下反应1 h,磷的去除率达到99.16%,上清液TP为0.419 mg/L;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir等温吸附模型更适合描述硫酸钙晶须对磷的吸附过程,采用该模型拟合得出25 ℃下磷的饱和吸附量为140.4 mg/g。 相似文献
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化学法去除循环水排污水中的磷 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了聚合氯化铝、硫酸铁、氯化铁及生石灰等除磷剂对循环水排污水的除磷效果,考察了反应温度、反应时间、污水p H和除磷剂投加方式对除磷效果的影响。实验结果表明:聚合氯化铝和硫酸铁的除磷效率相当,其次是氯化铁,生石灰的除磷效率最低;最终选用聚合氯化铝作为除磷剂,对循环水排污水进行除磷处理时无需调节其p H,反应可在室温下进行,反应时间需大于300 s;聚合氯化铝最佳投加量为40 mg/L,二次性投加聚合氯化铝的除磷效果明显好于一次性投加;二次性投加出水TP为0.37 mg/L。 相似文献
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The potential of phosphorus (P) recycling from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue is investigated. Vast and ever increasing amounts of incineration residues are produced worldwide; these are an environmental burden, but also a resource, as they are a major sink for the material flows of society. Due to strict environmental regulations, in combination with decreasing landfilling space, the disposal of the MSWI residues is problematic. At the same time, resource scarcity is recognized as a global challenge for the modern world, and even more so for future generations.This paper reports on the methods and efficiency of P extraction from MSWI fly ash by acid and base leaching and precipitation procedures. Phosphorus extracted from the MSWI residues generated each year could meet 30% of the annual demand for mineral phosphorus fertiliser in Sweden, given a recovery rate of 70% achieved in this initial test.The phosphorus content of the obtained product is slightly higher than in sewage sludge, but due to the trace metal content it is not acceptable for application to agricultural land in Sweden, whereas application in the rest of the EU would be possible. However, it would be preferable to use the product as a raw material to replace rock phosphate in fertilizer production. Further development is currently underway in relation to procedure optimization, purification of the phosphorus product, and the simultaneous recovery of other resources. 相似文献