浙江省太湖交界断面藻类预警应急监测指标特征分析

太湖藻类的爆发呈现一定的阶段性,根据2008年太湖藻类的时空分布,将藻类爆发划分为5个阶段。在太湖流域藻类预警应急监测期间,连续监测湖州市新塘港与太湖交界断面的8项水质指标,研究藻类爆发不同阶段交界断面水质指标的变化情况,采用Pearson相关分析法分析各水质指标间的相关性,探讨不同时期太湖流域藻类预警应急监测应重点关注的水质指标,为浙江省太湖流域藻类防控提供理论依据。     

江苏省太湖流域水功能区纳污能力及限制排污总量研究

水功能区纳污能力及限制排污总量研究是制定区域水污染控制规划的基础。依据《江苏省地表水(环境)功能区划》,结合江苏省太湖流域现状水质和污染概况,针对河网区和湖库区分别采用一维、二维非稳态模型,计算江苏省太湖流域水功能区纳污能力,在此基础上,引入最大污染物入河量,核定50%、75%和90%水文保证率下的最大污染物入河量分别为2015年、2020年和2030年限排总量。结果表明:(1)CODMn和氨氮纳污能力分别为284 803 t/a和22 448 t/a;(2)2015年CODMn和氨氮限排总量分别为221 867 t/a和20 520 t/a,2020年和2030年限排总量递减,均小于纳污能力;(3)CODMn和氨氮入河量削减率分别为21.8%和46.3%,与水质超标率相差均在25%以内,基本相符。江苏省太湖流域纳污能力、限排总量、污染物入河量削减率和水质超标率之间关系合理,计算结果合理。研究成果为太湖流域水环境控制规划提供决策依据。     

三峡水库蓄水运行后入出库断面水质评价与预测

三峡工程运行后库区水质问题关系库区环境安全和当地社会经济发展,把握三峡库区水质变化趋势是水污染治理的基础。采用内梅罗污染指数法,基于2004—2016年三峡库区长江干流入库断面(重庆朱沱)和出库断面(湖北宜昌南津关)水体DO、高锰酸盐指数和氨氮的水质监测数据评价库区水质,并利用差分自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA模型)建立入出库断面水质变化趋势模型。结果表明:2004—2016年入库断面梅罗污染指数(Ip)为1.72～3.22,水质属轻污染—重污染,变化波动大;出库断面Ip为0.82～1.46,水质属清洁—轻污染,总体保持平稳;入库断面水质指标逐年偏向《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅱ级标准,出库断面水质指标逐年偏向Ⅰ级标准,入出库断面首要污染物是氨氮,ARIMA模型预测显示未来入出库断面水质好转。     

省部共同推进水专项合作备忘录签约 切实发挥水专项科技支撑作用

<正>2月10日,环境保护部、住房和城乡建设部作为水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(以下简称水专项)牵头组织部门,同北京市、天津市、河北省和江苏省人民政府分别签订部了省共同推进京津冀区域和太湖流域水专项合作备忘录。环境保护部副部长黄润秋出席签约仪式并讲话。黄润秋表示,"十八大"以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视生态文明建设和环境保护,多     

基于熵权法的松河矿水环境质量评价研究

根据松河矿水文条件对5个断面(W1~W5)水质进行监测,采用标准指数法对各断面水质的监测数据进行处理,并用熵权法确定各断面的指标权重,由各指标权重得出各断面的污染综合评分。结果表明,松河矿地表水水质中污染指数较高的是石油类,其次是SS、氨氮、BOD、COD,最后是硫化物。其中,影响各断面水质权重最大的是SS,其权重为0.2。综合污染指数和基于熵权法的断面评分排序一致,均为W1W2W3W4W5,表明基于熵权法的松河矿水环境质量评价结果准确可信。     

《太湖流域管理条例》11月实施

我国第一部流域综合性行政法规——《太湖流域管理条例》(以下简称《条例》)近日获得国务院通过,自2011年11月1日起施行。水利部、环境保护部、国务院法制办公室于10月9日就此联合召开新闻发布     

永定河上游张家口地区主要河流污染物来源解析

运用内梅罗污染指数评价法对永定河上游张家口地区主要河流水质进行定量评价,在多元统计分析方法的基础上,结合产业结构与布局对其污染物来源进行解析。结果表明:(1)2013—2016年,永定河上游主要河流水质逐渐改善,但仍存在水污染问题,主要超标的水质指标为TP和氟化物,超标率分别为28.24%和22.59%。(2)空间聚类分析发现,洋河中下游断面鸡鸣驿、响水铺和八号桥,水污染相对较严重;清水河上游断面北泵房和洋河上游断面左卫,水污染较轻;桑干河断面石匣里、温泉屯、小渡口和清水河下游断面老鸦庄,水质清洁。(3)洋河中下游污染物来源于工业污染和城市生活污水,清水河下游和桑干河污染物来源于农业面源污染、畜禽养殖污染和有机物污染,洋河上游和清水河上游污染物来源于农业面源污染和生活污水。     

基于北京清河流域水质提升的入河排污口排放要求确定策略研究

为探究基于流域水质目标的入河排污口排放标准与排污许可的实施路径,以北京清河为例,通过入河排污口实地摸排,确定了22个入河排污口和5个河道断面,并于2019年3—10月对27个采样点进行12次水样采集,对水样COD、氨氮、TN和TP进行检测。基于研究河段实测数据,应用MIKE11模型构建流域水动力水质模型,分析3种情景组合的截污纳管方案(方案1)、截污减排方案(方案2)对河段水质的改善效果,以及减排方案在雨期、非雨期对河段水质的污染影响。结果表明:(1)与方案1相比,方案2下研究河段水质状况明显改善,下游出水断面(Q5断面)的COD、氨氮、TN和TP模拟值分别降低49.08%、61.27%、65.80%、63.86%;COD、氨氮、TN和TP排放总量分别削减了541.95、46.13、216.79、8.30t/a。(2)雨期雨水汇入河段后,各污染物达标情况反而恶化,因此应做好入河排污口的污染管控,科学控制入河排污口雨期污染。     

清河许昌段水质改善效果及驱动因素分析

通过分析清潩河许昌段5个断面2013—2016年水质类别及COD、氨氮的变化情况,评估《清潩河流域水环境综合整治行动计划》实施前(2011年)、后(2016年)的水质改善效果,并识别水质改善的驱动因素。结果表明:水质类别由2011年的《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中劣Ⅴ类提升至2016年达到或优于Ⅴ类,其中5个断面平均COD年均值由2011年的49mg/L降至2016年的23mg/L,平均氨氮年均值由2011年的6.1mg/L降至2016年的0.5mg/L;外源排放量降低、内源污染负荷削减与修复、流域水生态系统构建及水资源调度加强是水质显著改善的主要驱动因素。     

关于橡胶制品对样品污染的探讨

近一年来,我所开展了对湘江长沙段水质中锌的例行监测。在这些监测结果中,出现了同一断面、同一时间不同地点和同一断面、同一地点不同时间,样品中锌的含量低的只有几个ppb,高的可达几百个ppb的现象(见表1)。     

Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin

An explosion in a petrochemical plant in Jilin in the northeast of China on 13 November 2005 was responsible for the discharge of large quantities of benzene and nitrobenzene into Songhua River. This endangered the water supply of Harbin city and influenced the daily life for millions of people. The dispersion-advection equation was solved analytically and numerically and used to simulate the concentration of benzene and nitrobenzene in the Songhua River after the accident. Both solutions gave practically identical results. The main elimination process for both compounds was volatilization. The model results are quite close to the results obtained by measurements at monitoring stations. Arrival time of the pollutant wave, peak concentrations and end of the pollutant wave at Harbin and along the river were predicted successfully. The peak concentrations of nitrobenzene at Harbin were more than 30 times above the permissible limits for drinking water.     

Determining the role of humic substances in the fate of pesticides in the environment

Abstract

The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed. Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV‐radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability to UV‐radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is discussed.     

Determining the role of human substances in the fate of pesticides in the environment

The data presented in this paper emphasize that the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment is influenced by humic substances. Various methods most frequently used for the characterization of humic substances are discussed. Both humic acid and fulvic acid can solubilize in water certain organic compounds and are important carriers of some pesticides in soil. Humic substances have the potential for promoting the nonbiological degradation of many pesticides. Several methods of bleaching humus color from drinking water, including chlorination, ozonation, and UV-radiation, are described. Finally, the photochemical stability to UV-radiation of certain pesticides in aqueous fulvic acid solution is discussed.     

Imposex in the commercial snail Bolinus brandaris in the northwestern Mediterranean

A survey of the degree of imposex in populations of the commercial muricid Bolinus brandaris (L.) was carried out at six locations along the Catalan Coast (NW Mediterranean). Imposex was found to be a widespread phenomenon; the occurrence of a penis was observed in all females studied with the exception of those from St. Carles (South of Catalunya) where only 37% were affected. Other indices such as Relative Penis Length (RPL) and Vas Deferens Sequence (VDS) were applied; RPL varied from 4.5% in St. Carles--the least affected area--to 29.8% in the vicinity of Barcelona; similar results were obtained for VDS. Tissue organotin residues ranged from 6 to 140 ng g(-1) w.w. as Sn. Despite legislation restricting the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paints, this paper evidences the occurrence of organotin pollution far from the source, with levels of both TBT and triphenyltin (TPhT) high enough to cause environmental concern.     

Uncertainties in the role of land vegetation in the carbon cycle

Since the late 1950s the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere has been increasing by around 0.5-3 ppm per year. Understanding of carbon sinks is vital to understanding this trend and its future behaviour. Here we examine some of the factors which may affect the proportion of anthropogenic CO2 ending up in the atmosphere in the present and in the future, and variability in the CO2 increase from one year to another. We also examine the evidence for the potential of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks to take up or release CO2. In some cases, a careful re-examination of the research methods used to deduce present and future feedbacks may be necessary. The most advanced technology and the most complex models do not necessarily produce reliable results. They should be carefully checked against a general background knowledge of ecological processes before their results are accepted.     

Targeting lead in the multimedia environment in the continental United States

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) lead attainment strategy for air is being expanded to address geographic areas with the potential for multimedia, multipathway exposures to lead. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to coordinate information from various databases to identify areas of potential concern. The data retrieval and decision processes used in identifying priority sources from each medium and in evaluating identified areas of concern are described in this paper. Only EPA databases with reliable locational information were used to facilitate accurate mapping and allow correlation with other data sources. The sources of lead loadings to air, water, and soils were mapped using either latitude and longitude or zip code, or county centroids for data lacking longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates (such as the drinking water data). A multimedia cluster of lead sources was identified at the county level, since all the facility data in the five databases could be mapped to this level. An impact factor and weighting system was devised to combine the information on the number of facilities and their relative size in developing a ranking of the multimedia lead clusters of concern in each region. The counties with the highest number of points were considered clusters of highest concern for multimedia lead sources. Two separate lists of the clusters were developed according to a point system. One identified 10 multimedia lead clusters in each of the 10 EPA regions, and the other identified the 100 clusters of highest concern in the country as a whole. The project is designed to be a first step in targeting future efforts to identify potential environmental problems associated with lead. The analyses presented in this paper provide a first look at the areas in the country where there is a potential for multimedia exposure to lead. A more refined analysis at the zip code level was subsequently developed to provide a good understanding of the issues pertaining to potential exposure at the neighborhood level. The results of this analysis will ultimately help the EPA and the states to target implementation and enforcement in areas of high potential lead exposures.     

An assessment of the aggregate impacts of the proposed reduction in the motor fuels tax in the United States

The analysis in this paper examines the impact of reducing the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on the United States economy. The analytical approach used consists of a computable general equilibrium model composed of fourteen producing sectors, fourteen consuming sectors, six household categories classified by income and the government. The effects of a 4.3 cents per gallon reduction in the excise tax on gasoline and diesel fuel on prices and quantities are examined. The results suggest, for example, that a decrease in the tax would result in higher output by the producing sectors (by about $2.86 billion), and expansion in the consumption of goods and services (by about $3.48 billion), and an increase in welfare (by about $3.59 billion). The government would realise a decrease in revenue of about $2.37 billion. When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities.     

Air protection programmes in Poland in the context of the low emission

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The protection of the air against pollutants from individual boiler plants is a big challenge in Poland. It results mainly from the preference for...