基于变权综合理论的天然气管道动态风险评价

为对天然气管道进行有效的风险评估,提出基于变权综合理论的天然气管道动态风险评价法。利用故障树分析法(FTA)确定天然气管道不同时间空间下的主要风险因素,实时更新风险指标体系;同时引入变权综合原理,建立权重跟随指标值动态变化的变权赋值模型;然后对天然气管道进行综合评定,确定管道当前状态的风险程度。以陕京3线中某管段为例进行分析,得出该管段当前风险等级为中等,在后期运行中应被重点监控。变权赋值与动态指标体系的结合使该方法能实时反映管道风险状况,并适用于天然气管线各段。     

基于RBI的环氧丙烷／苯乙烯装置风险评估分析

本文介绍定量RBl分析方法在某石化公司环氧丙烷／苯乙烯装置风险评估中的实施过程,对装置中的容器和管道进行风险分析,并基于其潜在的损伤机理和风险等级给出适宜的大修检验策略。在保证检验有效性的前提下,优化检验资源,降低运行风险,以满足装置长周期安全稳定运行的需要。     

城市天然气管道半定量风险评估方法研究

以实现天然气管道风险评估资源的合理分配，确定天然气管道定量风险评估的重点为目标，改进燃气管道风险评估方法的肯特模型，探求城市天然气管道的半定量风险评估方法；分析了城市埋地天然气管道失效可能性与失效后果的影响因子，并研究其评分标准；分别给出了城市天然气管道失效可能性与失效后果的等级划分标准，并运用半定量风险矩阵进行燃气管道单元的风险初步排序，以确定高风险管道单元；对城市天然气管道进行半定量风险评估，可为识别管道沿线高风险后果区域、风险动态排序、风险预警及制定事故应急预案等提供科学依据和方法指导，具有重要的工程应用价值。     

基于动态分级法的地铁设备设施风险评价研究

为评估地铁安全运营水平,为地铁运营管理部门提供线路长期运营以来的安全风险变化趋势,基于地铁运营部门提供的有关某地铁的,主要涵盖车辆、通信系统、信号系统、供电系统、机电系统、线路和轨道系统、消防系统、环境与设备监控系统、自动售检票系统、土建等10类重要设备设施故障的统计结果,采用动态分级法(DT)对该地铁线路运营2 a来的设备设施风险进行分级,将地铁综合风险等级划分为7级,得到综合风险等级和风险逐月变化趋势。结果表明:综合风险分级结果与设备设施故障的变化趋势基本吻合,利用该方法可得到地铁运营的安全风险变化趋势。     

基于RBI的碳五石油树脂装置风险评估分析

从技术特点、实施效用等方面,对QRA与RBI两类风险评估技术进行比较,选择使用RBI技术方法对碳五石油树脂装置内静设备及管道实施风险评估。运用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件定量计算评估范围内设备、管道风险值,评定风险等级,辨识隐患设备,然后从后果、可能性两方面分析产生风险的主要影响因素,经分析得知碳五石油树脂装置受H2S、HCl腐蚀减薄影响轻微,但NaOH导致的碱应力腐蚀对聚合反应后序工段中部分管道设备失效可能性影响较大。最后根据装置内存在的不同损伤机理提出检验优化策略,为装置定期检验工作提供科学的决策支持。     

RBI技术在我国企业的应用研究与改进思考

基于风险的检测技术(RBI)是目前化工行业逐渐采用并得到认可的一种新的设备检测技术。在对RBI体系研究的基础上,阐述了RBI的系统思想、实施步骤与应用价值;在工艺危害性分析的基础上,采用挪威船级社的ORBIT Onshore软件对常减压装置进行了定量RBI分析,识别出装置设备和管道的主要腐蚀损伤模式,确定设备和管道的风险大小分布以及风险检测策略;并根据RBI在化工等行业企业的应用实践对RBI技术在我国应用过程中存在的不足提出了相关改进建议。     

山岭隧道施工的动态风险管理模型研究

结合事故树法和专家调查法,确定山岭隧道施工中的风险因素集合与风险评判集合,并引入隶属度矩阵、熵权系数,建立了山岭隧道工程的动态风险管理模型.该模型以定量计算为特征,可实现对顶事件的风险概率计算、面向施工过程中的工况动态风险分析和控制.结合保阜高速公路隧道工程,应用建立的动态风险管理模型,对洞口掘进施工阶段进行了风险分析,并依据得到的风险等级,提出了相应的风险控制措施.     

基于 Ke nt 法修正后的库鄯线输油管道风险评价

在综合分析中石油库鄯线输油管道的基础上,按照管道沿线的土壤和植被的类型,将管道划分为12个子管线,然后在基于修正后的Kent法,重点针对库鄯线原油输送管道的风险等级进行评价,将沿线风险区划分为高、中、低三种不同的区域。针对风险等级及风险点特征,提出了对不同风险等级管线区域管理的有效措施,为决策者提供了切合实际的应对措施和方案。     

城市埋地天然气管道系统的脆弱性评价模型及其实例应用

脆弱性评价是系统风险评估的新方法,具有理论成熟、指标全面,结果贴合等优点。在对天然气管道风险研究基础上,建立起适合城市天然气管道系统的脆弱性评估指标体系。结合城市天然气管道脆弱性指标的取值特点,选择模糊综合评判方法,建立城市天然气管道系统的脆弱性评估数学模型,实现系统脆弱度计算和脆弱等级确定。并对北京市某段次高压天然气管道的指标进行调研取值,带入模型进行该管道的脆弱性评价,实现模型的实例应用和效果检验。     

基于RBI技术的海上平台延期服役静设备定量化安全评估技术

针对海上延期服役平台静设备的安全风险评估与控制问题,应用RBI风险评估技术的评估理论和方法对海上延期服役平台静设备的定量化安全管理方法进行了实践和探索,并选择某延期服役平台进行风险分析相关结论的工程验证。其具体过程是运用定量RBI技术,首先根据工艺流程和介质特点对海上平台静设备分别进行了物流回路和损伤回路的划分,并以此为基础对延期服役平台静设备的安全风险进行定量评估,进而得出各静设备单元的失效可能性、失效后果及风险等级,最后通过得出的损伤模式、损伤机理及对应的腐蚀速率,从而制定针对性的检测策略。将利用这些检验策略所检测出的真实情况与分析结论进行对比,最终验证了RBI技术在延期服役平台静设备风险评估方面具有很强的适用性。     

基于动态信息技术的设备主动维护预知平台的设计

石化企业规模大、设备种类繁多且分布广,为规范设备的管理流程、提高设备的管理水平及设备可靠性,提高企业的经济效益和安全性,建立了基于Oracle数据库与RBI和RCM技术的设备预知维护信息平台,并结合RBI及RCM技术信息输入与安全评价方法,实现设备的故障预知及维护规范。该平台与石化的生产运行管理相结合,可实现设备的信息化管理,在及时排除设备故障隐患的同时,保障设备的正常运行,为改善企业生产安全现状和提高设备管理水平,提供了新的方法。     

丙烯腈装置安全预警及控制技术研究

丙烯腈生产装置危险性极高,其主要设备大部分为压力容器、压力管道;其原料、中间产物、产品、副产品理化性质复杂,具有易燃、易爆、剧毒的特点。为提高丙烯腈生产企业管理水平,实现丙烯腈生产的远程监控、实时预警、过程控制和应急控制,为装置处于非正常工况下快速有序地实施风险控制,降低事故危害,减少事故损失提供技术支持,达到丙烯腈装置安全平稳生产的目的。在对某炼化企业丙烯腈生产装置风险分析的基础上,确定需监控的重点设备和关键参数,通过OPC通讯技术实时采集DCS操作参数数据并进行多参数趋势预警分析,建立起丙烯腈装置非正常工况下安全预警系统。系统主要包括关键参数安全预警分析、偏差标准操作处置程序、突发事件的应急评估、相关辅助信息等技术内容,涵盖安全保障的预防、预警、应急和处置的各个环节,实现了多参数实时监控、自动预警和应急辅助决策。     

基于风险的检验技术在苯加氢装置管道的应用

简述基于风险的压力管道检验技术基本理念,讨论压力管道的危害风险和失效模式,介绍了风险评估方法及其适用场合、风险评估程序。对某苯加氢装置的管道系统进行风险检验评价,对该管道的各种危险因素进行分析,并对其基础数据和检验检测结果进行了研究和探讨,近而采用5×5风险矩阵法和定性分析,对苯加氢装置管道系统进行风险评估,根据该评估结论,提出了科学制定检修计划的建议和控制风险措施。研究结果表明:基于风险的检验技术,既能节约大量的停机和检验维修费用,又能有效地提高重点设备的安全性和管理水平。     

Building an Executive Information System for Maintenance Efficiency in Petrochemical Plants—An Evaluation

This study used the manufacturing process in the petrochemical industries as an example and developed a dedicated maintenance programme and executive information system (EIS) for this industry. The software for EIS was established on a CMMS platform, with logical and extractive analysis used to store the information in a KPI databank. The system developed can provide plant managers and engineers with a complete summary of information and keep them updated regarding the present status of their maintenance efforts. The objective of this study was to establish a management system for maintaining knowledge in the petrochemical industries, such as the management of standard operating procedures (SOPs), historical records and the analysis of data for the facility. To design the software, a review of petrochemical facility was purposed to enhance the maintenance efforts and facilitate the decision-making process. The main functions of the system include asset reliability analysis, failure analysis and maintenance benefit cost analysis. For the petrochemical industry, the impact of safety and environment caused by equipment malfunction is more substantial than that of other industries. If executives can manage essential points effectively and make decisions according to a key performance index, risks to safety and environment, which result from equipment malfunction, can be decreased and safety can be enhanced for petrochemical refineries.     

特种设备风险管理体系构建及关键问题探究

为加强特种设备风险管理,在遵循科学性、可操作性、全面性和可发展性4个原则的基础上,应用安全系统工程、风险工程学的基本原理,提出并构建包含风险监管体系、监测预警体系、应急管理体系和事后处置体系在内的特种设备风险管理体系。从组织机构、运行机制、法律规章、关键技术4个方面对特种设备风险管理所面临的关键问题进行探究。结果表明:所构建的特种设备风险管理体系,符合事物发生的内部规律和风险管理的基本要求,具有层次分明、目的明确等特点,为特种设备风险管理的开展提供有益的参考。     

Environmental risk source management system for the petrochemical industry

We identify environmental risk sources within the petrochemical industry with a bow-tie analysis, evaluate environmental risk sources with an integrated environmental risk assessment index, and classify environmental risk sources considering both environmental consequences and management costs. Furthermore, we develop a routine management system for environmental risk sources based on browser/server model and web-GIS technology. The system has four main functions: petrochemical enterprise registration and declaration, environmental risk source information correction and confirmation, environmental risk source evaluation and classification, and environmental risk source management. The system runs with the following sequential steps. (1) Petrochemical enterprises register and declare their environmental risk source information. (2) The registered environmental risk source information is checked, corrected and confirmed by local environmental officials. (3) The probability and intensity of environmental risk are calculated for all registered petrochemical factories. (4) All environmental risk sources are classified into high, medium and low risk sections based on their potential regional environmental and ecological impacts. (5) The system provides recommendations on the routine risk management based on empirical expert opinions. The software provides an effective tool for safety production of petrochemical enterprises and can be applied by local governments for environmental risk source management.     

Assessment model for equipment risk management: Petrochemical industry cases

This study presents an assessment model that examines quantity and quality factors for equipment risk management in the petrochemical industry. The proposed model has five dimensions—financial performance, logistical support, service level, learning and innovation, and risk control. This evaluation model uses 13 strategy subjects and 78 performance-measurement indicators. Performance assessment indicators are initially established and revised based on expert opinions collected via a questionnaire. Further, the analytical network process (ANP) is utilized to calculate the weights of indicators in each layer and to construct assessment models with applicable and valuable references. To determine model practicability, this study assesses four subsidiaries of the case company. Each subsidiary has a capitalization exceeding TWD 50 billion. In addition to evaluating company performance in terms of each dimension and indicator, the proposed model provides a valuable reference for decision-making in equipment risk management.     

Compression system check-valve failure hazards

Processes that utilize multistage compression systems (olefins plant compression systems, gas processing, integrated refrigeration systems, etc.) have the potential for overpressure due to single or multiple check-valve failure. Catastrophic equipment failure resulting from overpressure can potentially occur due to compression system discharge, interstage, and/or suction check-valve failure, coincident with compressor shutdown. Depending on system design and application, overpressure values approaching or exceeding 300% of equipment design are possible, while for some equipment, even limited overpressure can result in catastrophic vessel failure due to brittle fracture. Additional hazards associated with compression system fail-to-check scenarios include risks associated with excessive flare loading and compressor rotor reverse rotation. In the case of an ethylene refrigeration compressor at a typical ethylene plant, rotor reverse rotation can potentially exceed overspeed limits.This paper provides risk assessment results based on analyses performed on the three primary compression systems in six ethylene plants. The methodologies used for risk identification screening, detailed risk assessment and evaluation of system dynamics are all presented. Alternative methods for mitigating risks are also discussed, along with check-valve reliability data. An overview of applicable overpressure protection requirements defined in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is provided. This paper will be of interest to anyone who designs or operates multistage compression systems in the chemical, petrochemical or refining industries.