约束非线性规划实用算法与软件及其在环保上的应用

针对非线性规划的系统最优化理论,从工程实用化的角度优选了一种求解约束非线性规划问题的计算方法——可变容差法。详细分析了其算法的有效性和工程实用性;并在国外大型计算机软件成果的基础上,结合国内普及型微机的应用特点,研制出该算法的实用型微机软件。此外,还介绍了本微机软件的功能特点和在环保上应用计算的实例。     

混合整数规划微机程序及其应用

本文介绍了混合整数规划(包括全整数规划、0—1规划和混合整数规划)求解的实用微机计算软件(FORFRAN语言、分支-定界算法)。通过在MC68000微机上对某矿山给排水工程优化设计实例模型的求解运算,给出了该软件的应用说明及例题计算结果的输出实样清单。     

多杂质水网络超结构模型及其同步设计法研究

研究了存在回用、再生回用和再生循环的多杂质水网络,修正了水网络同步设计的超结构模型.该模型可以合理表征有效物质回收、杂质问存在反应以及废物处理等多种技术.采用通用代数建模系统(GAMS)编程,求解了多杂质水网络混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)问题.同步设计的脱硫实例优化方案与文献值相比,年度总费用可降低8%以上.求解石油化工中常见的含碳稀氨水回收例题,优化设计结果可以满足各组分单独回收要求,避免杂质间反应,提高了水的重复利用率.     

多水源用水网络优化模型研究

为了解决含有多类供水水源的用水网络优化设计问题，研究了过程工业用水特点，将各用水单元看成水阱，各单元的排水看成潜在水源，从而将供水问题转化为水阱和水源的匹配问题，建立用于多水源用水网络优化的配水模型，并详细阐述该模型应用步骤及其特点。     

超临界水氧化法处理固体废物的研究进展

超临界水氧化法作为一种新兴的高级氧化技术具有广阔的应用前景，该方法在处理固体废物方面具有独特的优势。介绍了超临界水的特性和超临界水氧化法的反应机理及超临界水氧化法在固体废物处理方面的应用现状，提出了该方法要达到工业化应用亟待解决的理论和实际问题，对超临界水氧化法的发展方向进行了展望。     

新常态下以空间集约型污水处理厂推进水生态文明建设研究

"十三五"规划首次将加强生态文明建设写入5年规划,水生态文明是生态文明基础保障。通过对水生态文明建设内容的学习、分析和理解,研究水生态文明水安全、水环境、水景观、水文化和水经济5个方面的发展,提出以空间集约型污水处理厂推进水生态文明建设。空间集约型污水处理厂以科学发展观为指导,符合新常态下城镇水生态文明建设的需求,能够保障水安全、保护水环境、打造水景观、弘扬水文化、发展水经济,推进水生态文明建设,实现新常态下人水和谐的水生态文明建设。     

基于DBOM的废旧产品可拆卸模型研究

针对废旧产品拆卸序列规划的要求,首先需要对废旧产品的结构特征进行建模,才能正确求解可行的拆解序列。目前常用的可拆卸模型以零部件的几何特征为依据,忽视了零部件的材料属性。提出一种结合几何属性和材料属性的DBOM可拆卸模型,该方法可通过产品的设计模型来直接生成,并且有助于拆卸序列的求解能综合考虑零部件的处理方式。     

不同目标导向性规划环境影响评价方法浅析

规划环境影响评价是环境影响评价在规划层次的应用,是对规划或计划及其替代方案的环境影响进行规范、系统、综合的评价过程.就政策导向性和项目导向性规划,从规划环评的方法与程序方面进行了比较、分析,并结合嘉兴滨海新区和巢湖皖维化工基地两个规划环评实例进行了案例研究.     

基于区域组团式水热能综合利用的化纤行业节能减排模式

介绍了区域组团式水热能综合利用的模式,区域组团式水热能综合利用以节能、降耗、减污、增效为目标,从大型企业、工业园区或镇市三个层面构建包含有工业企业、商业办公区、居民区、污水处理厂、热电厂及水体在内的多主体的水、热、能综合利用网络,形成以水为物质和能量载体的新的利用模式。以污水厂和热泵为中心的江苏恒力集团有限公司(简称恒力集团)的水热能综合利用网络,可实现集团内的废水零排放,回收的能源占恒力集团能源年消耗量的9.4%,年产生效益约4820万元。组团式水热能综合利用的思路为当前我国各行业的节能减排提供了一种新模式。     

输电线断股、损伤故障分析及对策

现阶段国内对输电线断股、损伤故障检测常用的方法有人工检测法、航测法、巡线机器人检测法、非线性频率特性分析法,分析了各类检测方法的优点及实际应用中存在的问题,并在当前此类输电线故障检测方法的基础上,总结了输电线导线损伤、断股故障研究的发展方向.     

VOCs催化燃烧的非贵金属催化剂研究进展

挥发性有机化合物（ VOCs） 是大气污染的主要来源之一，催化燃烧是有效的VOCs处理技术，而非贵金属催化剂是催化燃烧技术研究的热点。综述了多种结构形式的非贵金属催化剂的种类、活性组分及其催化性能的研究进展，探讨了水含量、杂质气体等因素对催化剂活性的影响。指出：将催化剂的制备和机理研究与实际应用中的工艺计算和设计相结合，开发用于VOCs催化燃烧的高活性、高稳定性、价格低廉的催化材料和工艺是今后的研究方向。     

基于新环境保护法要求下的化工园区水环境管理政策

从园区的规划布局、监督管理、废水处理及排放标准等方面对化工园区水污染问题的成因进行了系统分析,并结合新修订的《环境保护法》和《水污染防治行动计划》的有关要求,分别从四个方面针对化工园区水污染防治政策提出以下建议：加强管理顶层设计,促进协调监管;严格园区环境准入条件;实行企业废水分质分类管理,加强企业准入标准建设;建立激励机制,推动第三方服务。     

Waste management under multiple complexities: inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming

To tackle nonlinear economies-of-scale (EOS) effects in interval-parameter constraints for a representative waste management problem, an inexact piecewise-linearization-based fuzzy flexible programming (IPFP) model is developed. In IPFP, interval parameters for waste amounts and transportation/operation costs can be quantified; aspiration levels for net system costs, as well as tolerance intervals for both capacities of waste treatment facilities and waste generation rates can be reflected; and the nonlinear EOS effects transformed from objective function to constraints can be approximated. An interactive algorithm is proposed for solving the IPFP model, which in nature is an interval-parameter mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming model. To demonstrate the IPFP's advantages, two alternative models are developed to compare their performances. One is a conventional linear-regression-based inexact fuzzy programming model (IPFP2) and the other is an IPFP model with all right-hand-sides of fussy constraints being the corresponding interval numbers (IPFP3). The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP2 indicate that the optimized waste amounts would have the similar patterns in both models. However, when dealing with EOS effects in constraints, the IPFP2 may underestimate the net system costs while the IPFP can estimate the costs more accurately. The comparison results between IPFP and IPFP3 indicate that their solutions would be significantly different. The decreased system uncertainties in IPFP's solutions demonstrate its effectiveness for providing more satisfactory interval solutions than IPFP3. Following its first application to waste management, the IPFP can be potentially applied to other environmental problems under multiple complexities.     

A multi-objective programming model for assessment the GHG emissions in MSW management

In this study a multi-objective mathematical programming model is developed for taking into account GHG emissions for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. Mathematical programming models are often used for structure, design and operational optimization of various systems (energy, supply chain, processes, etc.). The last twenty years they are used all the more often in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management in order to provide optimal solutions with the cost objective being the usual driver of the optimization. In our work we consider the GHG emissions as an additional criterion, aiming at a multi-objective approach. The Pareto front (Cost vs. GHG emissions) of the system is generated using an appropriate multi-objective method. This information is essential to the decision maker because he can explore the trade-offs in the Pareto curve and select his most preferred among the Pareto optimal solutions. In the present work a detailed multi-objective, multi-period mathematical programming model is developed in order to describe the waste management problem. Apart from the bi-objective approach, the major innovations of the model are (1) the detailed modeling considering 34 materials and 42 technologies, (2) the detailed calculation of the energy content of the various streams based on the detailed material balances, and (3) the incorporation of the IPCC guidelines for the CH₄ generated in the landfills (first order decay model). The equations of the model are described in full detail. Finally, the whole approach is illustrated with a case study referring to the application of the model in a Greek region.     

国际化学品安全卡(中文版)网络数据库查询系统的设计与实现

概述了国际化学品安全卡（中文版）网络查询系统的建设、主要内容及其查询方法。重点介绍了系统的设计思想，采用ASP编程技术实现了该查询系统的设计和运行。     

我国绿色轮胎的发展现状

介绍了欧盟颁布的《关于化学品注册、评估、许可和限制法规》（REACH法规）以及轮胎标签法等有关绿色轮胎的法规及实施情况。从轮胎设计及对原辅材料的选用等方面概括了绿色轮胎的主要技术要求。综述了我国绿色轮胎的发展现状。对我国绿色轮胎的发展提出了提高行业整体工艺水平、产品升级换代、制定相关标准、自愿进行绿色轮胎认证等建议。     

A Simplified Model for Predicting the Pollution Exchange Coefficient of Small Tidal Embayments

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the development and application of ever more sophisticated multi-dimensional models for solving the hydrodynamic and constituent transport equations which govern the flushing of pollution. However, advanced numerical modelling techniques can sometimes be augmented by alternative mathematical approaches which use simplified analytical solutions to predict the dispersion of contaminants. In the present article, a novel analytical tidal prism model is described for predicting the pollution flushing characteristics of small tidal embayments. The model relates the water quality response of the basin to the external forcing effects of the tide, the initial pollutant loading and the freshwater inflow rate. In general, the pollution flushing not only depends upon the geometry of the embayment and the tidal range but also on the proportion of effluent water which leaves the basin on an ebb tide, mixes with the surrounding coastal water and returns on subsequent flood tides. This effect has been taken into account in the mathematical model by the inclusion of a ‘pollution-return’ parameter. The analytical approach offers a viable and computationally inexpensive alternative to conventional multi-dimensional pollutant transport simulations and, more importantly, provides an increased understanding of the flushing characteristics of semi-enclosed tidal basins. The efficiency of the tidal flushing can be expressed in terms of the pollution exchange coefficient which measures the proportion of water exchanged with the sea each tidal cycle. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed mathematical formulation, analytical water quality predictions are compared against experimental pollution data from a 1:400 scale laboratory model of a generic square harbour. The results demonstrate that the analytical approach provides a simple and robust method of determining the water quality response of well-mixed tidal embayments.     

超疏水材料的制备及其去除水中污染物性能的研究进展

综述了金属基超疏水材料和聚合物基超疏水材料的制备及其去除水中污染物性能的研究进展，并从污水处理的角度展望了超疏水材料的发展方向。指出，超疏水材料在污水处理领域中的发展方向主要为：低成本、高效能且环境友好的超疏水材料及其制备工艺的开发；持久（永久）性超疏水净水材料的制备；超疏水材料对水中有毒金属离子的去除及其机理研究；超疏水材料水中抑菌性的深入研究及其应用；超疏水材料对水中药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）以及纳米污染物的去除。     

O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中聚丙烯酰胺

采用O3氧化法和O3-H2O2氧化法去除水中的聚丙烯酰胺（PAM），分别考察了反应时间、O3质量浓度、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）和溶液pH对PAM去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：O3氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间30 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、溶液pH 8.5，O3-H2O2氧化的最佳操作条件为反应时间10 min、O3质量浓度22.6 mg/L、n（H2O2）∶n（O3）=0.1、溶液pH 8.5;在最佳操作条件下，O3氧化和O3-H2O2氧化均可有效降低PAM溶液的黏度和PAM质量浓度，但对COD的去除效果不佳，黏度可降至和蒸馏水相近，PAM的去除率可达80%以上，而COD的去除率分别约为15%和28%;O3-H2O2氧化后的PAM比O3氧化后的PAM更容易被微生物利用，两种氧化预处理方法均有利于后续的生化处理。     

脱硫石膏综合利用的现状与展望

介绍了国内外脱硫石膏在农业、水泥行业、建材行业和其他方面的综合利用情况,以及脱硫石膏分解技术的研究现状,探讨了分解温度、反应气氛和催化成分等因素对脱硫石膏分解效果的影响,展望了脱硫石膏的应用前景。指出:寻找脱硫石膏综合利用的新途径、找出适合脱硫石膏还原分解的气氛及其分解规律、探索有利于脱硫石膏还原分解的条件,是我国脱硫石膏实现循环利用的必经之路。