黄孢原毛平革菌吸附Cd2+和Zn2+的研究

利用黑曲霉常用液体培养基对黄孢原毛平革菌进行扩大培养，得到的菌丝球用于吸附废水中的Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋。本研究考察了初始pH、吸附时间以及共存离子对P．chrysosporium菌丝球吸附Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的影响。在相同的实验条件下，研究重金属溶液初始浓度对吸附的影响发现其吸附曲线呈L2型，对重金属终浓度以及吸附量进行线性转换，发现Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型能较好的描述P．chrysosporium菌丝球对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附。将P．chrysosporium吸附Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋前后的红外光谱图作比较，发现P．chrysosporium吸附Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋后的主要成分和结构保持完整，3302cm^-1叫峰位分别移动61cm^-1和94cm^-1。     

活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附性能的研究

研究了pH值、吸附接触时间、铜离子的初始浓度及活性炭纤维（ACF）的投加量对活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋的影响，并选取了最佳的实验条件。用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附等温线，结果表明：活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋更符合Langmuir等温式，其相关系数为0．9995，以单分子层吸附为主。对活性炭纤维改性能明显提高对Cu2＋的吸附，其中效果最佳的吸附量从4．8mg／g增加到17．32mg／g，提高了3．6倍。     

Pb2+、Cr6+、Cd2+单一及其复合污染对白蝴蝶叶片CAT、POD活性的影响

采用室内溶液培养法研究了Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋、Cd^2＋单一及其复合污染对白蝴蝶叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明在处理浓度范围内，处理后白蝴蝶叶片CAT活性明显高于对照，随着各处理浓度的增加，表现先升高后降低最后再上升的趋势。经Cd^2＋及复合污染处理后，白蝴蝶叶片内POD活性变化趋势与CAT活性相似；但是经Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋处理后，其POD活性变化趋势与CAT不同，即在高浓度处理下，POD活性明显低于对照。当处理浓度为100mg／L时，POD活性随着处理时间的延长表现出先升高再降低的趋势。可以认为，酶活性升高是由于白蝴蝶对Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋、Cd^2＋单一及其复合胁迫做出的应激反应。     

有机菌肥对铅、镉、锌污染土壤和水体联合修复研究

为了研究液体有机菌肥在矿区周边农田污染土壤重金属去除效果，以重金属污染为研究对象，开展液体有机菌肥吸附混合液重金属试验和土壤重金属浸出毒性吸附实验，分析液体有机菌肥对重金属离子去除作用。结果表明：随着液体有机菌肥用量的增加，水体重金属铅、镉和锌含量浓度呈显著下降，液体有机菌肥容易吸附铅，吸附量高达到1667mg/kg,其次是镉和锌。在1%质量比添加量下，经过液体有机菌肥修复后的土壤镉、锌和铅含量下降率分别是29.62%、23.94%和11.66%,土壤重金属TCLP浸出毒性去除率效果显著。有机菌肥处理可改善土壤环境，对土壤和水体的铅、镉、锌重金属有一定修复作用。     

叉鞭金藻净化废水中微量铅的研究

以叉鞭金藻作为生物吸附剂，去除废水中微量Pb^2 。结果表明，培养4d左右的叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的去除能力最强；随着藻细胞密度的增大，藻体对Pb^2 的去除率也增大；当pH为5～7时，藻细胞对Pb^2 有较好的吸附作用。研究还表明，叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的生物吸附经历了快速的吸附和缓慢的吸收两个步骤；离子强度Pb^2 的吸附有一定的抑制作用；在一定的浓度范围内，叉鞭金藻对Pb^2 的生物吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。     

无花果曲霉对铅的吸附研究

本文研究了无花果曲霉对Pb２+的吸附能 力和各种影响因素，包括菌丝球 与Pb２+的接触反应时间、Pb２+浓度、原初pH值，温度。结果表明：温度对吸 附影响不大，该菌丝球吸附铅的最佳pH范围为４．０～５．０，Pb２+浓度在２０mg/ L～１００mg/L范围内，吸附量为８．９２７mg/g～２２．１２０mg/g。吸附进行１０min， 吸附量已达到最终吸附量的７９．６６％，在吸附进行３h以后趋于平衡。在２０mg/L Pb２+浓度时，其吸附过程符合方程：R＝Rmax×T（Km＋T）。     

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭吸附镉

利用城市污水厂剩余污泥制备生物炭并用于吸附重金属离子Cd2＋，有利于城市污水厂污泥的处置，为污水中重金属的处理与处置和“碳减排”提供新的思路与方法。研究结果表明不同污水厂的污泥的最佳活化温度不同，昆明第一污水处理厂污泥最佳活化温度为300℃，第三、第五污水处理厂污泥为400℃；对于污水厂污泥制备的生物炭对镉的吸附量随着pH值的升高而增加；吸附模型拟和结果表明Freundllch模型在大部分温度下均具有比Iangrmuir模型有更好的相关性。     

东北草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附行为研究

采用平衡吸附法,研究了镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附行为,探讨草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附的影响因素。结果表明,随着镉和锌离子平衡浓度逐渐升高,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量起初迅速增大,随后增幅渐趋平缓;采用Langmuir型等温吸附曲线拟合,确定草甸黑土对镉和锌的最大吸附量为：镉（0.7335mg·g^-1）〉锌（0.5388mg·g^-1）,这表明草甸黑土对镉的吸附能力比锌强;腐植酸会增强镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力,EDTA却会减弱镉和锌在草甸黑土上的吸附能力;经过铵盐处理,草甸黑土对镉和锌吸附量大小为：硫酸铵〉氯化铵〉乙酸铵,这3种铵盐都抑制草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附;在一定的浓度范围内,随着pH值逐渐增大,草甸黑土对镉和锌的吸附量逐渐增加。研究结论为预测镉和锌在草甸黑土中的运移和防治镉和锌的污染提供科学依据。     

活性污泥吸附重金属Cr6+的研究

以活性污泥为材料，采用不同时间、温度、pH进行吸附重金属Cr^6 的研究。实验结果表明，当吸附时间为15min，吸附温度为28℃，吸附pH=7时具有较好吸附效果。在此条件下，当重金属Cr^6 浓度为50mg/L，其吸附率可达97．2％。     

宁波市鄞州区农业土壤重金属含量变化及评价

为发展无公害农产品基地提供科学依据，2005年对浙江省宁波市鄞州区100个农业土壤样品中重金属含量进行了测定和评价。结果表明：耕层全砷、镉、铬、汞和铅的平均含量分别为8．1mg·kg^-1,0．163mg·kg^-1、100．1mg·kg^-1、0．257mg·kg^-1和3．6mg·kg^-1，与1983年宁波市的耕层土壤背景值相比，分别增加了12．5％、32．5％、61．2％、0．8％和55．2％，土壤已受到镉、铅和汞的轻微污染，而汞的污染已得到遏制。从总体上来说，鄞州区农业土壤环境质量良好，区内有98个点（占总样点数的98％）符合无公害农产品产地土壤环境质量要求，但有2个点（占总样点数的2％）分别受到镉和汞的污染。     

两种模型模拟重金属离子在二氧化锰上吸附行为的比较

本文通过实验考查了Cu2＋、Co2＋、Cd2＋、Zn2＋和Ni25种重金属离子在二氧化锰上的吸附边.在改良型金属分配模型（MMP模型）的基础上,作者考虑了水解态重金属离子吸附的贡献,构建了MMP-1模型,并分别利用这两种模型去模拟了重金属离子在二氧化锰上的吸附边.两个模型模拟各金属吸附边效果很好且相关系数均达到0.99以上.在pH4.0～6.0范围内,MMP-1模型模拟Cu2＋、Co2＋吸附边效果要明显优于MMP模型.     

重金属离子在二氧化锰上竞争/络合吸附行为的模拟

通过实验考察了Cu2+、Co2+、Cd2+、Zn2+和Ni2+五种重金属离子共存时各自在二氧化锰上的吸附边以及EDTA存在时Cu2+在二氧化锰上的吸附边。在改良型金属匹配模型的基础上,发展了多种重金属离子共存的竞争吸附模型和EDTA存在时的重金属离子络合吸附模型,利用所建立的吸附模型可以较好地模拟重金属离子的吸附行为,且利用模拟所得的参数可以预测EDTA存在时Cu2+在二氧化锰上的吸附边。     

重金属对海岸带沉积物中菊酯生物降解的影响

通过考察Cu2+、Cd2+对渤海海岸带沉积物中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的缺氧生物降解的影响,发现:外加Cu2+和Cd2+均对渤海海岸带沉积物中甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯的缺氧生物降解有抑制作用,且随着外加金属离子浓度的增大,抑制作用更为明显。与Cu2+相比较,Cd2+对渤海沉积物中拟除虫菊酯缺氧生物降解的抑制作用更大,这跟Cu、Cd在渤海海岸带沉积物中的存在形态和对生物的毒性不同有密切的关系。     

不同因素对黄山贡菊叶中过氧化氢酶活性的影响

以黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶为研究对象，采用室内模拟方法，研究不同因素处理对黄山贡菊离体叶片中过氧化氢酶活力的影响。结果表明，在30℃时酶活力较高，高温或低温时酶活力均减小；低浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有激活作用，高浓度的K^＋和Ca^2＋对过氧化氢酶有抑制作用；Mg^2＋、Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋对过氧化氢酶均具有抑制作用，生长素和赤霉素对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不明显。     

灭活性产黄青霉菌对铅的吸附研究

本文通过某制约厂青霉素车间排放手大量灭活性产黄青霉菌对溶液中铅的吸附研究，发现该菌体对金属离子吸附有较强的选择性，尤其对铅离子高于其它金属离子。而且被吸附的铅离子能被重新洗脱回收。     

Prediction of metal-adsorption behaviour in the remediation of water contamination using indigenous microorganisms

In recent years, the adsorption of heavy metal cations onto bacterial surfaces has been studied extensively. This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on the heavy metal ions found in mine effluents from a mining plant where Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ bearing minerals are processed. Heavy metal ions are reported to be occasionally present in these mine effluents, and the proposed microbial sorption technique offers an acceptable solution for the removal of these heavy metals. The sorption affinity of microorganisms for metal ions can be used to select a suitable microbial sorbent for any particular bioremediation process. Interactions of heavy metal ions (Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺) and light metal ions (Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺) with indigenous microbial cells (Brevundimonas spp., Bacillaceae bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, pseudo second-order reaction kinetics model and a binary-metal system. Equilibrium constants and adsorption capacities derived from these models allowed delineation of the effect of binding affinity and metal concentration ratios on the overall adsorption behaviour of microbial sorbents, as well as prediction of performance in bioremediation systems. Although microbial sorbents used in this study preferentially bind to heavy metal ions, it was observed that higher concentrations (>90 mg/?) of light metal ions in multi-metal solutions inhibit the adsorption of heavy metal ions to the bacterial cell wall. However, the microbial sorbents reduced Ni²⁺ levels in the mine-water used (93–100% Ni²⁺ removal) to below the maximum acceptable limit of 350 μg/?, established by the South African Bureau of Standards. Competition among metal ions for binding sites on the biomaterial surface can occur during the bioremediation process, but microbial sorption affinity for heavy metal ions can enhance their remediation in dilute (<5 mg/? heavy metal) wastewaters.     

水淬渣处理废水的研究进展

水淬渣的微观结构特殊,比表面积大,表面能高。国内外研究表明,水淬渣吸附去除废水中的Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cr6+、As3+及磷等效果良好,而且对废水中的COD、大分子有机物、油类、苯酚等也有比较好的去除率;并研究了吸附去除的机理,对水淬渣在水处理领域的应用起到了推动作用。     

Adsorption characterization of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions onto chitosan-tripolyphosphate beads: Kinetic,equilibrium and thermodynamic studies

Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads were synthesized, characterized and were used for the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of initial pH, agitation period, adsorbent dosage, different initial concentrations of heavy metal ions and temperature were studied. The experimental data were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in a single metal system based on the Langmuir isotherm model were 57.33 and 26.06 mg/g, respectively. However, the beads showed higher selectivity towards Cu(II) over Pb(II) ions in the binary metal system. Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and entropy (ΔS°) changes were computed and the results showed that the adsorption of both heavy metal ions onto CTPP beads was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The kinetic data were evaluated based on the pseudo-first and -second order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models. Infrared spectra were used to elucidate the mechanism of Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions adsorption onto CTPP beads.     

Experimental investigation of adsorption capacity of anthill in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution

In the present work, the adsorption capacity of anthill was investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent to remove the heavy metal ions, lead (II) ion (Pb²⁺), and zinc (II) ion (Zn²⁺) from an aqueous solution. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms of the heavy metal ions were investigated under batch process. For the study we examined the effect of the solution's pH and the initial cations concentrations on the adsorption process under a fixed contact time and temperature. The anthill sample was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. From the SEM analysis, structural change in the adsorbent was a result of heavy metals adsorption. Based on the XRF analysis, the main composition of the anthill sample was silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), and zirconia (ZrO₂). The change in the peaks of the spectra before and after adsorption indicated that there was active participation of surface functional groups during the adsorption process. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using 2‐ and 3‐parameter isotherm models. The isotherm data fitted very well to the 3‐parameter Radke–Prausnitz model. It was noted that Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ can be effectively removed from aqueous solution using anthill as an adsorbent.