用纸色谱法测定岩石中铜、铅、锌、钴、镍、汞、镉、铋、银、铁、锰、铬

<正> 纸色谱法是以纸作为载体的一种分离手段,又是一种鉴定方法。在地质地球化学领域内,国内外都有广泛的研究。但在硫化矿床的一些指标元素没有见过系统的用纸色谱法测定的报导,本文试图用纸色谱法将硫化矿床的这些指标元素如铜、锌、铅、汞、银等十二种元素分离开来,并给予鉴定以应用在矿石分析与岩矿鉴定上,本方法简单、快速,既能定性又能定量,在研究成矿规律上有一定的使用价值。     

吨、公吨、短吨、长吨

吨(ton),重量单位,与公吨(tonne)同。1吨=1公吨=1000公斤(千克)。欧州大陆及不用英语的各国常用。简称t.。 短吨(Short美国常用。1短吨=2000磅(pound)=907.18486公斤。磅为英制重量单位,1磅=453.592338克,简写为1b.。 长吨(long ton),英国常用.1长吨=2240磅=1016.047公斤。     

原子吸收光谱法测定地质物料中的砷、锑、铋、镉、铜、铅、钼、银和锌

<正> 矿床的地球化学勘探是基于对岩石、土壤、沉积物、水和植物中与矿床有关的元素或元素基团的系统测定。这些元素通过物理或化学作用可由原来的分散状态达到异常高的富     

昔日黑、脏、乱 今日洁、舒、美

南桐矿务局红岩煤矿地处川黔交介的深山沟里,五十年代末期筹建,1965年投产,设计能力年产81万吨原煤,现有职工家属近一万名。以前是晴天煤尘满天飞,雨天泥浆沾全身;洁净的孝子河被矿井水污染成黑水河;矿区只有一个俱乐部和一个球场,文化生活十分枯燥,环境条件相当恶劣,有的青工由此染上了赌博、酗酒恶习,一些职工千方百计想调离煤矿。党的十一届三中全会以来,煤矿加强了环境保护工作,同时,大搞标准化设施、改变了昔日黑、脏、乱、差的矿区环境,建起了宽阔而洁白的磁砖澡塘、食     

发射光谱法测定环境样品中铜、铅、锌、铬、镍、铍

<正> 一、前言发射光谱法能同时进行多元素测定,并具有一定的检出灵敏度、精密度和准确度.是环境监测的一种通俗实用的分析方法.我国原所报导的分析方法,曾被国内外环保部门推荐为分析大气颗粒物中金属元素的重要方法之一;在那些基础上我们利用国产的WSP-1型平面光栅摄谱仪作了武汉地区部分河流湖泊(如汉江、黄孝河、沙湖、墨水湖).     

模拟实验研究煤矿酸性水中Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb可溶性金属迁移行为

通过模拟煤矿酸性水环境,对来自2个不同产地的煤系非均质黄铁矿样品进行了不同固液比的淋滤实验,对反应体系物理化学状态以及其中的Co、Ni、Zn、Cd、Al、Cr、As、Pb8种元素的释放行为进行了长达312h跟踪检测和对比.结果显示,在2种不同来源的煤系黄铁矿样品反应体系中,Co、Ni、Zn、Cd的释放行为均为持续升高,说明这些元素的释放受体系中物理化学状态的影响相对较小,在液相中具有较高的迁移行为;Al、Cr、As、Pb在不同样品体系中的释放行为差异较大,受到体系pH值、吸附及共沉淀作用等因素的影响,是相对不易迁移的元素.煤矿酸性水环境中元素释放和迁移行为主要受到黄铁矿的氧化还原反应速率、反应体系介质pH值和围岩矿物学性质3个宏观因素控制.     

《地质地球化学》著、编、译、审、校、抄规则

<正> 《地质地球化学》是一种主要供广大地质地球化学工作者、地质院校师生、岩矿分析鉴定工作者、有关科技管理人员和领导干部学习参考的综合性情报动态刊物。本刊贯彻加强矿产、面向基层、普及与提高结合、生产、教学与科研兼顾的编辑方针,在内容上增设国内研究成果简报,使之成为一个以国外为主、国内为辅的具有自己特色的刊     

温度、氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的影响

为制定热排放标准的需要,用动态实验和静态实验方法研究了热冲击与氨对鲢、鳙、草、鲤鱼的急性和亚急性效应。结果表明：选择温度与起始致死温度（TL₅₀）值随着驯化温度的升高而增大,鳙鱼对热冲击的反应较敏感。氨对鲢、鳙、鲤鱼的急性毒性（96h）LC₅₀值分别为0.38、0.30、0.66mgNH₃/L（非离解氨）。水温升高5℃,鲤鱼的（96h）LC₅₀。值从0.66mgNH₃/L下降到0.44mgNH₃/L,热冲击明显提高了氨对鲤鱼的毒性。氨对鲤鱼的亚急性毒性结果表明,鳃、肝组织出现了病理改变。以上室内实验结果可作为评价监测热污染水质的科学依据。     

铁氧体法处理含铬、锌、镍、钴、铜废水

重金属的污染与一般有机物污染不同,不易分解和自然净化,因此必须进行处理,我们采用了铁氧体法处理多种重金属的混合废水。 铁氧体是指具有铁离子、氧离子及其它金属离子所组成的氧化物,它是一种陶瓷性质的半导体,它的结晶结构可具不同形式,尖晶石铁氧体的结晶结构是属于立方形的。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.