关于环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001

本文提出推行ISO14001标准，实施环境管理体系认证，不仅对减少污染物的产生与排放、资源能源的节约、保护环境资源起到了重要作用，而且对改善环境管理模式、提高管理水平，特别是环境管理水平起到了重要作用。分析了环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001标准必须具备一定的条件、目的和意义，强调指出绿色行政是行政管理部门工作的目标，ISO14001标准是行政管理部门实现绿色行政的工具与保证。对环保行政管理部门推行ISO14001标准在实施过程中的若干问题进行了讨论和建议。     

绿色行政体系的建设研究

本文以国家各行政管理部门的政府行为为研究对象,应用ISO14001标准及相关环保法律、法规要求,结合环境经济学、环境管理学、环境规划及系统工程等相关原理,对“绿色行政体系”的含义、特点、国内外研究现状、理论基础等内容进行了深入的探讨,最终结合实际提出了构建“绿色行政体系”的基本方法及建设程序。     

实施ISO14000标准促进绿色行政和可持续发展

政府推行ISO14000标准，实施“绿色行政”，不仅能提高政府环境管理的水平，而且可以极大的提高政府的形象，并通过制定科学的、符合生态规律的发展规划，采取切实可行的、对环境友好的技术管理措施，达到保护生态环境、自然资源、实现可持续发展战略的目的。为了适应加入WTO的需要，实现环境管理和国际接轨，带动更多的企事业单位向科学的环境管理模式迈进，在政府开展ISO14000，实施“绿色行政”方面作了有益的探索。     

环境管理体系有效运行与环保法律法规的完善

本文介绍我国环保法律法规体系的结构，环保法律法规在ISO14001环境管理体系标准中的体现，对环保法律法规与ISO14001标准的关系作了详细阐述，并就环保法律法规在环境管理体系建立和实施中的作用进行了探讨。     

"绿色行政"与ISO14001环境管理

“绿色行政”是对环境友好的行政，绿色的行政管理活动是对保护资源、环境，实现社会、经济持续发展有利的活动。实施“绿色行政”，政府部门的工作人员必须具有很高的环境意识；必须以绿色方针政策、绿色规划与管理为基础，建立综合的决策机制；必须贯彻实施预防污染、全过程控制思想，并且要采用一个科学的管理模式（如环境管理体系）来规范运作。总之，“绿色行政”是行政管理部门的工作目标，建立并保持环境管理体系是行政管理部门实施“绿色行政”的工具和保证。     

关于绿色学校开展ISO14001环境管理体系认证的探讨

文章探讨了绿色学校纳入环境管理的必要性，结合环境管理体系标准ISO14001在组织中的实施。     

企业如何实施环境管理体系认证

随着人们环境意识的不断提高,国家对企业的环保要求越来越严格,推行ISO14001标准对企业具有重要的现实意义.ISO14001标准融合了世界上许多发达国家在环境管理方面的精华,是一套完整的、科学的、操作性强的环境管理体系标准.贯彻ISO14001标准(贯标)能促进企业整体管理水平的提高,使企业的管理体系增添无限生机和活力.贯彻ISO14001标准,就是针对生产经营过程中的环境因素进行有效控制,减少污染的产生、排放和对环境的影响,控制能源、资源及原材料的消耗,提高废物的利用,达到清洁生产、节能降耗,增加社会效益和企业效益的目的.通过环境管理体系认证,可塑造企业良好形象,提高企业的信誉和知名度,降低环境风险.企业贯标认证后,不但顺应国内外在环保方面越来越高的要求,减少国内外在环保方面的制约,而且增加企业获得优惠贷款和保险政策的机会,有效促进企业环境与经济的协调与持续发展.     

浅谈推行环境管理体系ISO14001的认证

阐述推行环境管理体系的作用及创建环境管理运行体系的过程，依照ISO14001标准的17个要素的具体要求进行运行，为准备推行ISO14001体系的国内同行提供参考。     

应用国际环境管理理念实现区域环境的改善

作为首批国务院批准的十四个国家级开发区之一的烟台开发区,于2000年9月26日通过了ISO14001环境管理体系认证.经过一年多的运行实践,使我们深刻地体会到ISO14001环境管理体系不仅能够规范组织和市民的环境行为,最大限度的减少污染,节约资源,实现环境与经济的协调发展,而且因为它是融合了发达国家的先进管理经验而形成的一套广泛适用的完整的管理手段和管理模式,因而对于提高环卫工作的整体管理水平起到了积极的指导作用.开发区环卫部门实施与运行ISO14001管理体系后,实现了环卫工作的"四个转变".     

上海市实施ISO14001环境管理体系标准的回顾与展望

建立ISO14001环境管理体系、开展ISO14001认证工作已在我国全面展开，如何发挥环境保护行政主管部门的作用，对深入推进ISO14001标准认证至关重要。从实施ISO14001标准，促进环境保护工作发展的角度回顾了上海市实施ISO14001环境管理体系标准的历程，探讨了上海市实施 标准的未来发展趋势，并对实施过程中出现的问题提出了对策和建议。     

Diffusion of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in China: rethinking on stakeholders’ roles

Since the release of ISO 14001 in 1996, China has witnessed a surge in the number of ISO 14001 certification. As an international environmental standard, ISO 14001 has two basic functions: one is playing as an environmental management instrument, while the other as a signal of firms’ better environmental performance to stakeholders. Based on the stakeholder theory, we have examined the effects of community, regulatory and some organizational stakeholders on the diffusion of ISO 14001 certification at Chinese provincial levels. Using a panel data of ISO 14001 certification from each province for the period of 2004-2008 in China, empirical evidence of such relations is found. The finding reveals that signaling to foreign customers and community stakeholders plays a dominant role in encouraging diffusion of ISO 14001 certification. However, as an important organizational stakeholder, foreign investors have shown no significant effect on the diffusion of ISO 14001 in China.     

Drivers,barriers and incentives to implementing environmental management systems in the food industry: A case of Lebanon

The shift in policy towards prevention and towards making producers responsible for the pollution they cause has lead corporations to limit environmental liabilities through the improvement of environmental performance. The implementation of an Environmental Management System integrates the precautionary and polluter pays principles into a firm's operations and demonstrates commitment to sustainable development. This research aims at assessing the factors influencing the implementation of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System in developing countries taking the Food Industry in Lebanon as a case example. For this purpose, primary data were collected using a field survey questionnaire that was administered to a representative sample of facilities. The results revealed that the food industry is generally more concerned with safety and quality issues rather than environmental issues. Following international food sector trend, improving environmental performance and enhancing company image are the most salient drivers to adopt ISO 14001. The lack of government support and stakeholder demand as well as the fact that ISO 14001 is not a legal requirement constitute the most salient factors hindering the adoption of the standard. Economical and organizational factors are the most significant incentives required to motivate the food industry to adopt ISO 14001. The industry is less likely to voluntarily consider adopting ISO 14001 before acquiring a quality management certification or until ISO 14001 certification gain more recognition in the international food sector. The study defines the foundations for developing strategies, policy reforms and incentive schemes to reduce the barriers of implementing ISO 14001.     

ISO 14001 in environmental supply chain practices

This paper focuses on the role of ISO 14001 in environmental supply management practices in Swedish companies. It discusses the existing and potential role of ISO 14001 for three key operational tasks of environmental supply chain management: to communicate the requirements to the supplier, to motivate and enable the supplier, and to verify that the supplier follows the requirements. The study used three different research methods: interviews with environmental managers, focus group discussions and a survey of two multinational companies and their operating units in several countries.It concludes that cooperation between the purchasing and environmental functions within a company is frequently not sufficiently achieved in implementation of ISO 14001; this makes the communication of customer requirements to suppliers less efficient. Building close relationships with suppliers is important to overcome initial difficulties, but this often conflicts with having a large supplier base. For the supplier to have an ISO 14001 certificate is seldom an absolute requirement, however, preference is often given to such suppliers. The value of the ISO 14001 certificate, as a proof of environmental performance, is a combination of the supplier's environmental ambitions, the advancement of supply chain practices of the customer and the ambitions of the certification bodies. Supplier audits are not commonly used as they are resource-consuming. Monitoring and verification approaches need further development.     

The benefits associated with ISO 14001 certification for construction firms: Turkish case

Construction firms all over the world are increasingly seeking to obtain ISO 14001. The rapid growth in the number of ISO 14001 applications in Turkey and the share from the construction sector in this number, as a leading sector, is rather striking. This paper, using a structured questionnaire survey, investigates whether there is any dependence or relation between construction firms characteristics and having ISO 14001 certification and any difference in the perceptions related to ISO 14001 by considering both firm characteristics and two different groups as certified and non-certified firms. Additionally, it examines the perceived benefits of having ISO 14001 for certified construction firms. According to the results of analysis, although there is not any difference in perceptions on ISO 14001 certification in terms of firm characteristics and being as certified and non-certified and their both positive opinions about ISO 14001 certification. There is a relation between firms characteristics and having ISO 14001 certification. ISO 14001 certification contributes to construction firms not only in terms of environmental benefits but also with corporate management and marketing effects, thus verifying that the ISO 14001 has a positive impact on the Turkish construction sector.     

Critical factors for implementing ISO 14001 standard in United States industrial companies

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study carried out on a sample of certified industrial companies that operate in the United States, with the aim of identifying some of the critical factors for successful implementation of the ISO 14001 registration process. The paper reveals that it takes most of the companies between 8 to 19 months to obtain ISO 14001 certification. In addition, the ISO 14001 elements requiring the greatest effort are: identifying environmental aspects, environmental management system (EMS) documentation, training, EMS audits, operational control, environmental management program, objectives and targets, and document control. The survey also reveals that high certification cost and lack of other available resources are the greatest obstacles for implementing the ISO 14001 standard.     

Implementing environmental with other standardized management systems: Scope,sequence, time and integration

The aim of this article is to analyze how the implementation of the environmental management system (EMS) in accordance with the ISO 14001: 2004 standard has been carried out in organizations having more than one standardized Management System (MSs). In particular, four implementation aspects will be discussed, namely the different management system standards (MSSs) used for registration, for example ISO 14001, ISO 9001, OHSAS 18001, ISO 27001 and SA 8000, the order in which they were implemented, the time required for each implementation, as well as the scope of integration of these MSSs into a single Integrated Management System (IMS).In order to do so, some of the results of a survey carried out in 176 organizations registered to, at a minimum, both ISO 14001: 2004 and ISO 9001: 2000 standards for environmental and quality management, respectively, are presented. As one of the few existing empirical studies regarding the integration of multiple MSs, this research reveals the importance of the different possibilities which organizations can opt for when considering EMS implementation. For example, while most respondents implemented ISO 9001 before ISO 14001, others did so simultaneously or even applied ISO 14001 first. Furthermore, although a large majority of organizations integrated their EMS with additional standardized MSs, a small percentage did not. Apart from illustrating the survey outcomes, the article contains a detailed case analysis of four specific organizations with high environmental awareness that have implemented quality and other standardized MSs.     

The role of environmental management system on introduction of new technologies in the metal and chemical/paper/plastics industries

Pollution prevention with the use of modern cleaner technologies in industrial sectors is the cornerstone of successful environmental policy certified according to the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001. The analyses were performed with the objective of assessing general aspects of technology modernisation as a result of the ISO 14001 certification in industrial enterprises in order to develop a better understanding whether the ISO 14001 certification can accelerate initiatives for the adoption of new and cleaner technologies within the certified firms on one hand, and, on the other hand, to find out to what extent it helped to upgrade their environmental performance. The research was performed within Slovene metal and chemical (including pharmaceuticals, paper and plastics) manufacturing companies with an additional emphasis on firms which are committed to implementing the IPPC directive. In general, certified enterprises consider ISO 14001 as a very useful tool in promoting and adopting new cleaner technologies. ISO 14001 seems to be particularly important to create better conditions for the technology changes in companies which are committed to the IPPC Directive. Companies in chemical and related industries, to a much higher extent, used predominantly modified technologies to diminish their environmental impacts, while companies in metal industries, to a higher extent, used a combination of existing and new technologies after ISO 14001 certification. It seems that better environmental performance is associated with higher productivity in ISO 14001 certified firms.     

中小企业面对ISO14001标准的发展对策

简要论述中小企业实施ＩＳＯ １４４００１标准、建立 环境管理体系面临机遇和挑战，以及中小企业实施ＩＳＯ １４００１标准的对策。     

Underlying mechanisms in the maintenance of ISO 14001 environmental management system

In this paper we aim to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the maintenance of ISO 14001. Initially, we looked into the Hillary's [Hillary R. Evaluation of study reports on the barriers, opportunities and drivers for small and medium sized enterprises – the adoption of environmental management systems. Report for DTI Envirodoctorate 5th October, 1999. London: NEMA; 1999] evaluation study on barriers, opportunities and drivers for small and medium enterprises that adopted environmental management systems and we developed a comprehensive list of barriers identified in the literature. We have used this set of barriers to investigate the underlying mechanisms in the maintenance of ISO 14001 environmental management system through an in-depth longitudinal case study in manufacturing organisations. We have determined five underlying processes (transforming and value adding; administrating and improving; understanding and accepting; communicating and learning; availability of resources) and five key actors (external environment; environmental management team; ISO 14001 EMS; organisation; resources and skills), which interactions are captured in M-ISO model. Finally, based on our study we offer directions for future research.