基于新型絮凝剂和专用絮凝反应器的垃圾渗滤液处理中试研究

针对实验室所得垃圾渗滤液专用铁镁铝复合絮凝剂配方进行了批量扩大化生产,设计开发了中试专用絮凝反应设备,在垃圾填埋现场进行了絮凝中试实验。研究结果表明,最佳搅拌速度为170 r/min,最佳投药量为20%,COD去除率大于50%,BOD去除率大于30%,渗滤液可生化性由0.4提高到0.65,色度去除率约70%～80%,重金属去除率大于80%,优于同类常规市售絮凝剂聚铁、聚铝、聚铝铁;垃圾渗滤液处理专用絮凝反应器能满足设计开发要求,具有处理效果好、结构紧凑、多功能、自动化程度高、方便移动适于现场实验等特点;为适应渗滤液絮凝反应剧烈、产生大量泡沫、影响固液分离效果的特点,专用絮凝反应器固液分离部分的细部尺寸应进一步优化调整。     

絮凝-O3/MNBs耦合工艺高效处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液

针对垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液可生化性极低而无法进行生物处置的问题,本研究采用絮凝-臭氧微纳米气泡(O₃/micro-nanobubbles,O₃/MNBs)耦合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液以期提高其可生化性。通过改变絮凝工艺的絮凝时间,聚合硫酸铁投加量,絮凝转速以及O₃/MNBs工艺的臭氧进气量,初始pH,温度等参数来探究絮凝-O₃/MNBs耦合工艺最佳工艺参数。结果表明,在絮凝时间为40 min,聚合硫酸铁投加量为10 g·L^-1,絮凝转速为300 r·min^-1的最佳絮凝工艺参数下,垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液的色度、腐殖质及COD去除率分别为79.8%、59.2%和73.3%,B/C从0.09增至0.22,生物毒性由92.4%(高毒)降至50.6%(重毒)。垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液絮凝工艺的出水进一步采用O₃/MNBs工艺处理,在臭氧进气量为400 mL·min^-1,初始pH=11,反应温度为30℃的最佳工艺参数下,絮凝出...     

丙烯酰胺改性壳聚糖絮凝剂处理焦化废水

合成了丙烯酰胺改性壳聚糖絮凝剂;用该絮凝剂处理了A/O工艺处理后的焦化废水.考察了pH值、絮凝剂用量及搅拌时间对去除污染物的影响.实验结果表明,当絮凝剂用量为50.0 mg·L-1,絮凝pH值为6.5,絮凝搅拌时间为12 min,COD、F-和色度的去除率分别达到64.7%、93.2%和75%;丙烯酰胺改性壳聚糖絮凝剂对焦化废水的深度处理效果优于聚合硫酸铁和聚合氯化铝絮凝剂.     

超声/Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液中的有机物

详细研究了超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液中有机物的处理效果.研究内容包括:超声波频率对垃圾渗滤液色度和COD去除率的影响,超声波功率对垃圾渗滤液色度和COD去除率的影响以及Fenton试剂用量和pH值对垃圾渗滤液色度去除率和COD去除率的影响.还利用一次正交回归实验确定了超声/Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液的优化条件,并在优化条件的基础上,对超声波技术、Fenton高级氧化技术和超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果进行比较研究.研究结果表明:超声/Fenton联用技术对垃圾渗滤液的色度去除率和COD去除率最高,其色度去除率接近100%,COD去除率达到73.5%.超声/Fenton联用技术处理垃圾渗滤液的优化条件是:超声频率为28 kHz,超声功率为75W,Fe2 浓度为280 mg/L,H2O2浓度为1.29×104 mg/L,pH值为2.5.超声波的频率、功率和Fenton试剂用量之间存在优化匹配值.     

曝气-絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液研究

通过现场处理 ,对垃圾渗滤液的曝气 -絮凝处理进行了研究。结果表明该方法对渗滤液的色度、COD、总磷去除率达 80 %以上 ,对氨氮去除率达 60 %以上。在此基础上提出了最优综合控制指标     

臭氧预氧化-BAF工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液

以广东省江门市垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液为研究对象，对经SBR生化处理和聚合硫酸铁混凝后的垃圾渗滤液，采用臭氧-BAF(曝气生物滤池)工艺进行深度处理。该工艺优点在于：臭氧高级氧化技术使大分子有机污染物降解成二氧化碳和水，或者小分子有机污染物，有利于后继BAF的生化处理，且臭氧处理过后废水的色度明显降低，是废水处理的有效方法之一。而后采用曝气生物滤池对垃圾渗滤液进行进一步处理，对COD进一步去除。结果表明，当臭氧的加入量为150 mg/L，BAF停留时间＞4 h，出水COD低于85 mg/L，稳定达到国家GB 16889-1997《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》一级排放标准，臭氧氧化法处理每吨垃圾渗滤液的费用为4.8元。     

曝气—絮凝处理垃圾渗滤液研究

通过现场处理,对垃圾渗滤液的曝气－絮凝处理进行了研究。结果表明该方法对渗滤液的色度、COD、总磷去除率达80％以上,对氨氮去除率达60％以上。在此基础上提出了最优综合控制指标。     

氧化-絮凝耦合处理酸性大红废水的机理研究

用氧化-絮凝耦合法处理酸性大红GR废水,以高锰酸钾为氧化剂、聚硅硫酸铁为絮凝剂,脱色率达到94.9%,COD去除率达到55.2%.通过用倒置式生物显微镜观察絮体,对反应机理进行推测.对高锰酸钾与酸性大红之间氧化还原反应产物和氧化-絮凝耦合处理的絮体进行紫外和红外吸收光谱扫描分析,探讨了氧化-絮凝耦合的反应历程和机理:酸性大红被高锰酸钾氧化成小分子有机物而脱色,还原产物新生态水合二氧化锰胶体吸附小分子有机物,并被聚硅硫酸铁卷裹成紧密絮体,氧化与絮凝之间产生协同作用,从而有效去除了色度和COD.     

共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂的混凝效果

利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、二乙氧基二甲基硅烷(DEDMS)和γ-氨丙基二乙氧基甲基硅烷(APDES)3种硅烷偶联剂作为有机硅源,制备了共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂,研究了共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂处理浊度水、色度水、含油废水以及垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液的效果。结果表明,3种共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂具有优良的除浊脱色性能,其除油效果远远优于无机高分子絮凝剂。对于垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液,共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂可以去除常规絮凝剂无法去除的物质,显著降低出水COD。3种共价键型絮凝剂中,以TEOS为硅源的共价键型絮凝剂除浊效果最佳,以APDES为硅源的共价键型絮凝剂除油和去除COD效果最佳。共价键型有机硅铝复合絮凝剂在含油废水和高浓度有机废水的深度处理方面有很好的应用前景。     

网络版论文摘要

垃圾填埋场渗滤液后处理的研究柴晓利　赵由才(同济大学污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室 ,上海 2 0 0 0 92 )采用混凝絮凝法对经生化处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行后处理。结果表明 ,混凝絮凝法对难降解有机质的去除十分有效 ,CODCr去除率可达 6 0 %以上。特别是微生物絮凝剂由于用量少 ,不产生二次污染 ,可应用于垃圾渗滤液特别是给水难降解有机质的去除工艺中。关键词 :絮凝剂 ,垃圾渗滤液 ,混凝絮凝法。粉煤灰混凝剂的制备和预处理印染废水的试验研究李　磊　赵玉明(南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室 ,南京 2 10 0 93…     

Appropriate combination of physico-chemical methods (coagulation/flocculation and ozonation) for the efficient treatment of landfill leachates

An integrated technique consisted of ozonation and coagulation/flocculation processes was studied, aiming to provide an efficient method for the treatment of stabilized/biologically pre-treated leachates, in order to reduce the organic pollutants' content to concentration values lower than the corresponding limits, imposed by the legislation. Leachates were collected from a municipal landfill site; samples containing around 1000 mg l(-1) COD and BOD(5)/COD ratio about 0.17 were treated by using two different processes or combinations between them, i.e. ozonation, coagulation-flocculation, ozonation followed by coagulation/flocculation and coagulation/flocculation followed by ozonation. The application of single ozonation resulted to the efficient removal of color and organic loading, due to the respective oxidation, induced by ozonation; however, COD values lower than 200 mg l(-1) could be only achieved after prolonged reaction times and for high ozone production rates. The coagulation of leachate samples was studied by the addition of ferric chloride or poly-aluminum chloride agents at various dosages. Maximum COD removal rates (up to 72%) were achieved by the addition of 7 mM Fe, or of 11 mM Al respectively. However, final COD values higher than 200 mg l(-1) were obtained indicating the requirement of an additional treatment step. Pre-ozonation followed by coagulation/flocculation was not found to be an efficient treatment approach for this aim, but coagulation/flocculation followed by ozonation, was proved to be an efficient process for the reduction of COD to lower than 180 mg l(-1).     

Treatment and detoxification of a sanitary landfill leachate

The leachate from an old sanitary landfill (Gramacho Metropolitan Landfill, Rio de Janeiro) was characterized and submitted to coagulation and flocculation treatment followed by ozonation and ammonia stripping. The performance of the treatment was assessed by monitoring the removal of organic matter (COD and TOC), ammonium nitrogen and metals. Detoxification was assessed by determining acute toxicity, using the following organisms: Vibrio fisheri, Daphnia similis, Artemia salina and Brachydanio rerio. Membrane fractionation was employed to infer the range of molecular masses of the pollutants found in the effluent, as well as the toxicity associated to these fractions. Of the techniques under investigation, coagulation and flocculation followed by ammonia stripping were the most effective for toxicity and ammonium nitrogen removal. Membrane fractionation was effective for COD removal; however, acute toxicity was almost the same in all the fractionated samples. Ozonation was moderately effective for COD removal, but significant toxicity removal was only attained when high ozone doses were used.     

垃圾渗滤液的加载磁絮凝预处理工艺研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水。采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,以提高其可生化性,便于后续生化处理的进行。研究了适宜的磁载体种类、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量,以及不同pH值和药剂投加顺序的影响,并进行了磁絮凝与常规絮凝工艺的对比实验。得到的最优组合工艺为：PAC投加量5.5 g/L,磁载体投加...     

微波辅助工艺处理天然气净化废水的应用研究

进行了微波辅助工艺处理天然气净化废水的应用研究,考察了废水色度、COD、SS、含油量和细菌的去除效果以及对废水腐蚀率的降低作用,并进行了同等条件下的常温对照实验。研究结果表明:微波絮凝工艺中絮凝剂PAC和PAM的用量较常温下减少了100 mg/L和5 mg/L,絮凝沉降时间仅为常温絮凝的1/4,最佳微波辐照时间下废水的COD去除率比常温条件下提高4.6%。微波工艺处理后,难降解天然气净化废水的含油量去除率达到了94%、废水中硫酸盐还原菌死亡率达97%以上,废水腐蚀率降为原来的1/7,废水可生化性得到了很大提高,可直接进行好氧生化处理。实验表明,微波辅助工艺对难降解天然气净化废水具有很好的处理应用效果。     

臭氧氧化法处理反渗透浓缩垃圾渗滤液

采用臭氧氧化法处理经反渗透膜处理后的浓缩垃圾渗滤液，考察了反应时间、臭氧投量、pH和温度对COD，色度以及浓缩液中腐殖酸的去除影响，通过BOD₅/COD变化分析了臭氧氧化对浓缩液生化性的提高作用。结果表明：在pH 8.0，温度30℃，臭氧投量5 g/h，反应时间90 min的条件下，浓缩液的COD、色度以及浓缩液中腐殖酸的去除率分别达到67.6%、98.0%和86.1%， BOD₅/COD从0.008提升到0.26，生化性有很大提高。     

Screening of physical-chemical methods for removal of organic material, nitrogen and toxicity from low strength landfill leachates

Physical-chemical methods have been suggested for the treatment of low strength municipal landfill leachates. Therefore, applicability of nanofiltration and air stripping were screened in laboratory-scale for the removal of organic matter, ammonia, and toxicity from low strength leachates (NH4-N 74-220 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 190-920 mg O2/l, EC50 = 2-17% for Raphidocelis subcapitata). Ozonation was studied as well, but with the emphasis on enhancing biodegradability of leachates. Nanofiltration (25 degrees C) removed 52-66% of COD and 27-50% of ammonia, the latter indicating that ammonia may in part have been present as ammonium salt complexes. Biological pretreatment enhanced the overall COD removal. Air stripping (24 h at pH 11) resulted in 89% and 64% ammonia removal at 20 and 6 degrees C, respectively, the stripping rate remaining below 10 mg N/l h. COD removals of 4-21% were obtained in stripping. Ozonation (20 degrees C) increased the concentration of rapidly biodegradable COD (RBCOD), but the proportion of RBCOD of total COD was still below 20% indicating poor biological treatability. The effect of the different treatments on leachate toxicity was assessed with the Daphnia acute toxicity test (Daphnia magna) and algal growth inhibition test (Raphidcocelis subcapitata). None of the methods was effective in toxicity removal. By way of comparison, treatment in a full-scale biological plant decreased leachate toxicity to half of the initial value. Although leachate toxicity significantly correlated with COD and ammonia in untreated and treated leachate, in some stripping and ozonation experiments toxicity was increased in spite of COD and ammonia removals.     

合成聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁的正交实验研究

研究了用硅酸钠、硼砂、硫酸镁和硫酸铁为原料，制备聚硅酸硼镁硫酸铁（PSBMFS）混凝剂的方法及合成条件。通过正交实验，考查了硅酸活化pH值、缩聚反应时间和陈化时间等合成条件；同时考察了B/Si摩尔比、Mg/Si摩尔比和Fe/Si摩尔比等影响因素。结果表明：PSBMFS具有良好的混凝性能和脱色效果，能有效去除印染废水中的色度和COD，2种污染因子的去除率分别可达95.9%和67.9%。     

Treatment of landfill leachate by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes

In this study, laboratory experiments are conducted to compare the efficacy using several ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as O3, O3/H2O2, and O3/UV, to treat landfill leachate. Raw leachate was initially coagulated by ferric chloride (FeCl3) at the experimental-determined optimal dosage of 900 mgl(-1), and the ozone-based AOPs were subsequently applied. Results indicate that all AOPs would result in a significant increase on the ratio of BOD5/COD from 0.06 to 0.5 at the applied ozone dosage of 1.2 gl(-1). The increase on biodegradability for ozonated leachate indicates that these AOPs would be beneficial to the subsequent biological treatment process. To better explain the alteration of high organic molecules after oxidation, ultrafiltration was used to separate the leachate by several molecular weight cutoffs (MWCO). The COD distribution for coagulated leachate is 34% for MWCO>10 kDa, 7% for MWCO between 5 and 10 kDa, 22% for MWCO between 1 and 5 kDa, and 37% for MWCO<1 kDa. Following ozonation or AOPs, the predominant distribution of COD would be obviously shifted to the MWCO less than 1000 gmol(-1) (72-85%) over the other MWCO ranges. In addition, Gel Permeation Chromatograph (GPC) analysis has showed a substantial agreement on the cleavage of larger organic compounds into smaller ones. O3/UV was found to be the most effective approach among these ozone-based AOPs to enhancing the biodegradability and eliminating the color of leachate.     

Treatment of a wastewater from a pesticide manufacture by combined coagulation and Fenton oxidation

The treatment of a non-biodegradable agrochemical wastewater has been studied by coupling of preliminary coagulation—flocculation step and further Fenton oxidation. High percentages of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (up to 58 %) were achieved in a first step using polyferric chloride as coagulant. This reduced significantly the amount of H₂O₂ required in the further Fenton oxidation. Using the stoichiometric amount relative to COD around 80 % of the remaining organic load was mineralized. The combined treatment allowed achieving the regional discharge limits of ecotoxicity at a cost substantially lower than the solution used so far where these wastewaters are managed as hazardous wastes.