Strategic Study on Integration of Port and City Development in Rizhao

agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta （UAYD）, one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modern cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the con- structiori of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.     

On Index System and Quantitative Assessment of Eco-cities： A Case Study on Urban Agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta

Urban agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta （UAYD）, one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modem cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the construction of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.     

Conceptualizing Discourses on Ecological City and Its Planning

Abstract

Ecological city (eco-city) and its planning approach are emerging concepts in urban study, urban planning, ecological economics, environmental policy and corporate environmental management. However, opinions remain divided over the connotation and denotation of the term “ecological city”, what key issues ecocity planning can solve, and its specific contents. In this study, we present 10 basic propositions that define the eco-city and clarify its key parameters, thereby providing the basis for discussing the assumptions and principles underlying different approaches to sustainable urban development. We then summarize the concept and principles of an eco-city, and define the main requirements for ecocity planning. We conclude that an eco-city is a city in which the urban population, scale of land use and intensity of human activities are limited to the regional resource and environmental carrying capacity, which does not cause increasing or irreversible damage to the regional ecosystem’s structure, functions and processes.     

Luoyang Dual Spatial Criterion Ecological City Construction

Abstract

The construction of an ecological city has two foundational platforms: the small platform, namely urban district or simply called as “city ecosystem”; and the big platform, namely around city district in certain region scope or also referred to as “city-region ecosystem”. The construction of an ecological city must be launched in the dual spatial criteria: in city (urban district) criterion—optimizing the city ecosystem; in city-region (city territory) criterion—optimizing the city-region ecosystem. Luoyang has the bright characteristic and the typical image within cities of China, and even in the world. The construction of an ecological city in dual spatial criteria—the city and the city-region—has the vital significance to urbanization advancement and sustainable development in Luoyang. In city-region criterion, the primary mission of Luoyang's ecological city construction is to create a fine ecological environment platform in its city territory. In city criterion, the basic duty of Luoyang's ecologic city construction is to enhance the ecological capacity and benefit of the central city.     

Ecological Approaches to Urban Migration of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Abstract

With the approach of the second water storage of the Three Gorges Project, urban migration has become a great concern. However, being influenced by economical, social or other factors, ecological problems have apparently become pressing. All these problems are exerting great impact upon the speed and quality of new city's or town's construction. By means of ecology, urban ecology, landscape ecology, human settlement science as well as the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the ecological problems in urban migration, and the corresponding approaches in order to promote ecological environment construction of new cities and give an impetus to sustainable development of the whole human settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.     

Development of China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) and Establishment of China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application (CRESDA)

Abstract

Building ecocities becomes an objective requirement for sustainable development. This article discusses the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable urban development. On the basis of discussing the sigificance of sustainable urban development and that of an eco-city from different perspectives, it suggests several management strategies for developing an eco-city, a desirable sustainable urban model.     

长三角城市群生态文明建设问题及潜力研究——基于5大城市群的比较

理清城市群的生态文明建设现状与问题，对于认清城市群下一步生态文明建设方向有着重要意义。通过复合生态系统理论和“PSR”模型构建生态文明评价指标体系，运用熵权TOPSIS法、协调度模型、耦合协调度模型、生态文明建设潜力模型对5大城市群生态文明建设现状进行评价，并总结归纳各城市群面临的问题。研究显示：（1）经济发展与生态保护之间的矛盾是当前长三角城市群生态文明建设的主要矛盾，整体上城市群的自然、经济、社会发展不协调；（2）部分地级市的生态文明建设存在盲目性或建设意识不强的情况，缺乏科学引导；（3）经济发达的地区具有更强的能动性，而协调发展的地区拥有更大的生态文明发展潜力。建议长三角城市群以科技创新为抓手，走经济与环境协调发展道路，率先支持上海、杭州等有条件的大城市成为示范城市，进而发挥带动作用。 关键词： 城市群；生态文明；潜力；PSR；复合生态系统     

中国低碳城市热思考:现状、问题及趋势

近年来我国掀起了一股低碳城市建设热潮。但在这股热潮背后,还有许多尚不明晰的问题需要理性思考。围绕低碳城市相关议题,开展了如下5方面工作:①解读低碳城市概念,指出低碳城市建设是一个多目标问题,要以低碳经济为基础,并实现经济发展、生态环境保护、居民生活水平提高等目标的共赢;②概括低碳城市评价指标,指出针对指标还没有建立明确的标准;③从城市规划、低碳政策、生态产业、可持续能源、绿色交通等方面总结了保定、上海、吉林、杭州等城市的低碳建设途径;④分析城市低碳发展现状水平评价结果,指出低碳城市建设还有很大的提升空间;⑤最终在分析低碳城市建设尚存不足的基础上,提出今后需深化认识的几个问题,如不能因低碳而放弃其它城市发展目标,低碳城市建设要因地制宜,低碳城市是一项长期、复杂的系统工程,需各领域专家通力协作,需从系统规划、阶段性方案实施、实施后评估与修订等环节进行全生命周期跟踪管理。希望这些思考能对我国低碳城市建设的顺利推进起到积极作用。     

基于适度人口容量的生态文明城市建设研究——以广东省惠州市为例

生态文明城市是新型城镇化建设的目标,是实现经济发展、民生改善与生态保护协调统一的最佳方式。适度的人口容量、科学的城市规划和有效的城市治理是避免和减轻城市病的根本途径。本文从生态经济学和系统工程学跨学科的视角出发,构建了一个基于适度人口容量,人口流动和城乡均衡发展的生态文明城市建设路径的理论分析框架,并以广东省惠州市为例,根据土地功能定位和主体功能区定位,分别测算了惠州市的适度人口容量;基于人口自然变动和人口机械变动的趋势,预测了惠州市未来人口发展状况。研究发现,惠州市常住人口已略微超过基于土地功能定位测算的适度人口容量,但基于主体功能定位的人口密度模型测算表明,惠州市未来人口发展规模远低于适度人口容量,进而从总体上剖析了惠州市生态文明城市建设中适度人口容量和人口均衡发展方面带有普遍性的问题和原因。由此,揭示出生态文明城市的创建,必须基于人口承载力,走动态规划调控路子,协同推进经济建设、民生改善、生态保护、环境优化和制度改革,真正地促进流动人口市民化、城乡公共服务均等化和社会保障公平化。     

长三角城市群生态城市建设定量评价

长江三角洲是我国发育最为成熟的城市聚集区,随着城市发展主流趋势--生态城市的日益兴起,区内各城市相继开展了生态城市建设,并取得了相当的成效。但是在生态城市建设过程中还不可避免地存在着城市复合生态系统不协调发展、生态城市建设程度难以定量以及片面定量的问题。试从长三角城市群社会经济和地域情况入手,构建具有地方特色的生态城市建设指标体系,并采用城市生态指数、城市协调度指数和生态城市综合指数来分别衡量长三角城市群内各城市的生态化水平、城市协调发展水平和生态城市建设程度。结果表明：（1）长三角城市群15个城市中,苏州生态城市建设程度较好,而南通则略差;（2）只有城市的全面协调发展,才能建成可持续发展的生态城市。     

基于生态城市建设的资源可持续利用研究 ——以常州市为例

各类资源是生态城市建设的基础条件，也是塑造城市特色的重要依据之一。基于生态城市建设的资源可持续利用，不仅要重视资源的数量问题，更需要着眼全局，综合分析城市社会、经济、环境发展的现状、目标与资源之间的矛盾，制定资源可持续利用的保障对策。基于生态城市的深刻内涵，资源可持续利用的研究视野亟待拓展，不仅要关注自然资源、生物资源的可持续利用问题，同时还必须重视对城市人文禀赋与历史文脉的传承和保护，实现古代、近代、现代和当代“四代文明”可持续发展。以常州市为例，基于生态城市建设，对其土地资源、水资源、生物资源与人文资源的可持续利用进行了系统研究,并作了概念性规划。     

The spatial-temporal differentiation of green land use in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration

ABSTRACT

As the space carrier of the construction of ecological civilization, land’s green and efficient utilization is an important guarantee for realizing national sustainable development. Based on traditional land evaluation, this paper scientifically defines the green land use, puts land as one of the production factors, and brings energy consumption, environmental pollution, etc. into the input-output system to measure the green land utilization efficiency of the urban construction land of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from 2006 to 2016. The study shows that the overall efficiency variation of the urban agglomeration is related with the land and environment policies. Efficiency of 2016 is higher than that of 2006, and energy and environment are the principal factors affecting the green land use. The efficiency of each city is positively correlated with its economic development, negatively correlated with the construction land expansion. Efficiency gaps in different cities are expanding. There is positive correlation with overall weak space between cities, and the partial spatial agglomeration phenomenon appears. Therefore, the green land use efficiency could be improved by improving land utilization efficiency, coordinating economic growth of construction land utilization with environmental protection and taking feasible ways to transregional renovation of the stock ecological land utilization, etc.     

Luoyang Dual Spatial Criterion Ecological City Construction

The construction of an ecological city has two foundational platforms： the small platform, namely urban district or simply called as ＂city ecosystem＂; and the big platform, namely around city district in certain region scope or also referred to as ＂city-region ecosystem＂. The construction of an ecological city must be launched in the dual spatial criteria： in city （urban district） criterion--optimizing the city ecosystem; in city-region （city territory） criterion-optimizing the city-region ecosystem. Luoyang has the bright characteristic and the typical image within cities Of China, and even in the world. The construction of an ecological city in dual spatial criteria--the city and the cityregion has the vital significance to urbanization advancement and sustainable development in Luoyang. In city-region criterion, the primary mission of Luoyang＇s ecological city construction is to create a fine ecological environment platform in its city territory. In city criterion, the basic duty of Luoyang＇s ecologic city construction is to enhance the ecological capacity and benefit of the central city.     

长江城市岸线资源港口开发适宜性分析与合理利用--以南京市为例

城市岸线地区是城市中具有巨大发展潜力的空间领域,在城市发展的不同时期承担着不同的功能。农业社会对岸线的利用规模小,工业革命以后,城市岸线地区成为主要的港口（含公用港口和工业用港口）集聚地段之一。随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,人们赋予城市岸线的利用功能不断增加。仅从岸线自然条件及岸线集疏运、城市依托等人文因素出发讨论岸线港口开发适宜性的做法已无法适应发展的需要。只有统筹考虑岸线承担的多种功能,才能实现岸线地区经济和生态的双赢。以长江南京段岸线为例,从岸线自然条件和岸线承担的多种功能角度,分析了岸线资源港口开发的适宜性状况,指出岸线利用存在的主要问题,在此基础上提出城市岸线资源合理开发利用和保护的对策建议。     

中国西部城市复合生态系统特点与生态调控对策研究

城市是一类以人类活动为中心的社会—经济—自然复合生态系统。西部城市是西部大开发的重要铱托。本文首先介绍了中国城市与西部城市的发展概况，在与中、东部和全国城市比较的基础上分析了西部城市的城市化特点以及社会、经济和自然生态特点，并运用生态学原理和复合生态系统理论，提出了西部城市发展的生态调控对策。     

长江流域经济发达地区城市发展思路

长江流域具有优越的区位条件和良好的经济基础,改革开放后城市化水平大幅提高,目前该流域的城市格局正处于由传统的封闭型工业生产城市向经济型、开放型和以第三产业为主转变,单体城市也开始向相互依托、相互发展的城市群体转变。本文分析和总结了长江流域城市发展的现状和存在的问题,如城市化滞后于工业化、城市规划同城市发展不相适应、城市建设资金就足和城市生态环境问题等。在此基础上重点对长江中下游地区城市２１世纪发展     

长株潭城镇等级体系优化研究

长株潭地区是湖南经济最发达、城镇最密集的地区。作为我国中西部地区极富个性的城市群 ,它的优化建设不仅受到湖南省的关注 ,而且受到国家发展计划委员会和世界银行的重视。这一区域现有 3个地级市、4个县级市、8个县城、158个一般建制镇及 362个集镇。其城镇非农业人口规模等级为首位型分布 ,具有明显的层次性特征。按综合实力 ,7个设市城市可以划分为四个等级。首位城市规模偏小、城镇等级体系不完整、小城镇数量多而规模小是该区城镇等级体系存在的主要问题。今后应以长株潭 3个核心城市的一体化建设为突破口 ,加强城镇体系的中心化趋势 ;应积极促进浏阳、醴陵、湘乡等小城市向中等城市的规模升级 ;应将宁乡、攸县、望城 3县改为县级市 ;应择优发展 ,规模建设 ,形成由四级中心构成的城镇等级体系。     

长株潭城镇等级体系优化研究

长株潭地区是湖南经济最发达、城镇最密集的地区,作为我国中西部地区极富个性的城市群,它的优化建设不仅受到湖南省的关注,而且受到国家发展计划委员会和世界银行的重视,这一区域现有3个地级市、4个县级市、8个县城、158个一般建制镇及362个集镇,其城镇非农业人口规模等级为首位型分布,具有明显的层次性特征,按综合实力,7个设市城市可以划分为四个等级,首位城市规模偏小、城镇等级体系不完整、小城镇数量多而规模小是该区城镇等级体系存在的主要问题,今后应以长株潭3个核心城市的一体化建设为突破口,加强城镇体系的中心化趋势;应积极促进浏阳、醴陵、湘乡等小城市向中等城市的规模升级;应将宁乡、攸县、望城3县改为县级市;应择优发展,规模建设,形成由四级中心构成的城镇等级体系。     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

基于自然生态单元的中国城乡建设用地空间格局特征分析

基于经济和社会视角的国家尺度城市空间格局研究取得重要进展,而全国城市空间格局的自然生态关联性呈现新的研究需求。由此通过自然生态单元等级划分并与城乡建设用地叠加,揭示了全国城乡建设用地在自然生态单元的空间格局特征及其主要问题:在一级生态功能区中,生态调节区面积最广,主要分布在我国西北、西南和东北等生态脆弱地区,但其内部城乡建设用地占比最小仅为0.69%,产品提供区城乡建设用地的占比为2.74%,人居保障区面积最小且集中分布在我国东部沿海地区,但其城乡建设用地占比最大,高达11.20%;城乡建设用地在自然生态单元的分布差异总体由自然地貌与大河流域特征决定,城镇群区、农产品提供区和土壤保持区占据79.54%的城乡建设用地,位于平原水网、丘陵、喀斯特和丹霞等地貌特征为主的胡焕庸线东南部;城乡建设用地分布格局也表现为东多西少,与我国三大阶梯的地势格局分布较为一致;上述格局关联性体现了人和环境之间的相互依存关系,但近些年来在开发需求膨胀和工程技术进步等人为因素驱动下,城乡建设用地呈现向较高海拔地区的扩张趋势。这为新型城镇化背景下城乡可持续发展和生态安全格局构建提供基础信息,也为辨识中国城市空间组织和演化机理提供技术支撑。