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湖泊底泥挖掘可能导致水体氮磷平衡破坏的研究 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
挖掘底泥是减少富营养化湖泊内源性氮、磷元素的主要手段 ,但若挖掘不当 ,则一段时间内可能会导致水体氮、磷平衡破坏 ,富营养化加剧。从底泥挖掘可能导致水体营养元素平衡破坏的成因入手 ,探讨避免水体富营养化加剧的对策。 相似文献
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挖掘湖泊底泥避免水体富营养化的探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
挖掘湖泊底泥是减少富营养化湖泊内源性氮、磷元素的主要手段,但若挖掘不当,则一段时间内可能会导致水体氮、磷平衡破坏,富营养化加剧,从湖泊底泥挖掘可能导致水体营养元素平衡破坏的成因入手,探讨了避免水体富营养化加剧的对策。 相似文献
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浅水湖泊底泥与上覆水间磷迁移规律的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以浅水湖泊中磷在底泥与上覆水间的迁移规律为研究对象,介绍了风浪扰动、微生物、水体pH值、氧化还原条件、底泥吸附与解吸等环境因素对磷的迁移影响. 相似文献
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京杭运河常州段泥水界面无机氮交换过程模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分别在枯水期、平水期、丰水期利用原柱样静态释放实验对京杭运河常州段4个点位的无机氮界面交换过程进行模拟,并借助模拟结果对运河不同形态氮的界面循环过程进行了初步探讨。结果表明,全年NH+4N界面交换特征均表现为底泥向上覆水体释放,平均交换速率比较结果为平水期[182.3mg/(m2·d)]>丰水期[94.0mg/(m2·d)]>枯水期[29.5mg/(m2·d)],而底泥污染严重的下游点位释放通量高于其他断面;丰水期底泥为上覆水NO-3N的源,平水期和丰水期则成汇,且平水期底泥平均吸附速率若为枯水期的6倍;全年NO-2N交换过程表现底泥吸附的特征,枯水期交换速率极低,全年底泥DIN(总无机氮)输入量>输出量,底泥对高浓度上覆水NO-3N的吸附作用可能是底泥污染逐渐加重的原因。 相似文献
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北京公园水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定及其分布特征 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
为了正确评估北京市公园水体受PAEs污染的程度,采集了北京11个公园湖水的水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用技术检测了其中六种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的含量,该方法加标回收率在73%~89.3%,RSD为5.9%~18.1%,检出限在0.40~4.58mg/L。实验结果为北京公园水体中总PAEs浓度在6.4~138.1μg/L,平均值为27.9μg/L,证明北京公园水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染,主要的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),其中东南部以及西北部的公园污染较严重。分析了PAEs在公园湖水底泥中和水体中的分布特征,结果显示,PAEs在湖水底泥中的含量明显大于在水体中的含量。 相似文献
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《环境研究与监测》2015,(2)
以骆马湖底泥为研究对象,通过有机玻璃反应池为实验装置,分别研究了固化剂对上覆水溶解氧、p H、CODCr、TN、TP的影响,实验表明:利用纳米零价铁作用底泥有机物,能够缓解上覆水溶解氧的消耗。石灰作为稳定剂在水-泥体系中,对上覆水p H值影响较大,且在前30d p H降幅明显。投加纳米铁能够促进大分子有机物转化成可溶性小分子物质,有利于被微生物分解,使得水体中CODCr值迅速下降。石灰、粉煤灰的投加与TN相关性较明显,而纳米零价铁或粉煤灰对上覆水TP会产生持久、较大的影响,因此这几种材料运用在骆马湖底泥原位稳定化修复技术中,均能很好的发挥稳定作用。 相似文献
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通过在鄱阳湖平原选取典型农村门塘,对其形状、进出口布置、水下地形、水深、淤塞、水质和底泥营养盐含量等指标进行调查测定分析.结果表明,鄱阳湖平原农村门塘多呈长条形;进水口设置随意,多且分散;淤塞较为严重,淤积物主要以外源输入为主;水体总氮和总磷一定程度超标,污染程度总氮总体表现为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,总磷总体表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;底泥营养盐和有机质含量相对较高,呈现一定的污染状态;底泥中有机质、有机碳和总氮的同源性较高,主要以内源污染物为主;底泥中磷以陆源输入为主. 相似文献
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Marvin C Charlton M Milne J Thiessen L Schachtschneider J Sardella G Sverko E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):149-161
Sediment traps were deployed in the three major basins of Lake Erie, and the central (Mississauga) basin of Lake Ontario,
and refurbished seasonally over the period 2000–2002. In Lake Ontario, sediment down-flux rates and corresponding contaminant
down-flux rates were highest in winter during periods of unstratified thermal conditions, and generally increased with depth
due to the influence of resuspended bottom sediments during all sampling periods. Lake Ontario suspended sediments exhibited
the highest concentrations of metals; concentrations of mercury and lead frequently exceeded guideline values for bottom sediments.
Contaminant levels in Lake Ontario suspended sediments were similar to concentrations in bottom sediments in the same area.
There was a spatial trend toward higher suspended sediment metals concentrations from the eastern basin to the western basin
of Lake Erie, which is similar to the trend in bottom sediment contamination. In the eastern basin of Lake Erie, which is
the deepest area of the lake, there was no trend in down-flux rate with depth in 2001; however, down-flux rates increased
with depth in 2002. Suspended sediments in the western basin of Lake Erie were determined to be largely resuspended bottom
sediments; all western basin samples collected in the study exceeded the guideline value for mercury (0.486 μg/g). 相似文献
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Heavy metals in respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) were analyzed for different seasons, from July 2002 to December
2002, at different locations in Hisar (Haryana, India). The samples were analyzed for Pb, As, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe and Mg on atomic
absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in air-acetylene flame. The concentration of heavy metals was more in the studied residential
area followed by industrial area and commercial area. The concentrations of Fe, As, Ni and Mn were found to be more compared
to other metals. Further, the concentrations of all the heavy metals were higher in pre-monsoon (extended summer) and monsoon
followed by post-monsoon, autumn and winter. Meteorology played an important role in concentration of heavy metals in RSPM.
Turbulent conditions resulted in higher concentration owing to re-suspension and external input whereas, low wind speed, low
temperature and high relative humidity favoured low concentration of the pollutants. The evaluation of enrichment factor revealed
that Pb, As, Ni, Cu, and Mn are emitted, chiefly from anthropogenic sources and Fe and Mg are associated with natural sources. 相似文献
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This study was conducted to biologically treat wastewater discharged from the textile industry (textiles made of cotton and/or synthetic fiber) using sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology (activated sludge process operating on batch mode). To achieve the objectives of the study, the characteristics of textile wastewater and the biodegradation of its organic constituents under unsteady state conditions were studied. Then, a bench-scale pilot plant was used to study the performance of SBR by monitoring the settleability and change in the constituents (chemical oxygen demand and solids) over time. Results of the study showed that textile wastewater has different types of pollutants: heat, basicity, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter, and heavy metals. The factors affecting the biodegradation of organic matter were determined as the reaction time and the ratio of initial substrate to sludge concentrations. Also, removal of solids was monitored, and the settling velocity as affected by sludge concentration was graphically presented to enable the determination of settling time. Finally, the outcome of this study was used to suggest a procedure for the design of a full-scale SBR unit for treatment of textile wastewater. 相似文献
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Park GS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):153-162
Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of total suspended solids (TSS) in the shallow and macrotidal regions of the Korean
peninsula indicated there were significant changes in TSS concentrations. These were seasonally influenced by the wind, river
input and tidal cycle. There were high TSS values at estuarine and river mouth stations and during low tide due to the re-suspension
of bottom sediment by strong wind action during winter months, in addition the land input through rivers and strong tidal
current during ebbing. Monthly mean values of TSS significantly correlated with wind speed and nitrate concentration (p < 0.01). This indicated that the resuspension of surface sediment was a more important source of TSS than the river input,
and that nitrate was introduced into the water column during the resuspension process. TSS were seven times higher at low
tide than in high tide. Light penetration was significantly inhibited by TSS; as >98% of incident light was absorbed within
2 m and zero photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under 2 m in the estuarine stations during winter. Removal of heavy
metals and nutrients by TSS in the water column was evident. Over 80% of the initial concentration of nutrients was removed
within 10 min under various concentrations of TSS and also TSS contained significantly higher concentration of heavy metals
than surface sediment. The concentration levels of nutrients and chemical oxygen demand in the west coast were comparable
with the East and South Sea, even the major rivers in the Korean peninsula flow into the West Sea with major pollutant loadings
into the coastal areas. High concentration of TSS is likely to contribute to the removal process of these pollutants, resulting
in relatively lower levels of nutrients and organic materials in these coastal waters. 相似文献
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Sludge dewatering is a process whereby water is removed from sludge so as to reduce its volume and alter its physical state from semisolid to damp solid. This physical change reduces the volume of sludge considerably and therefore the cost of disposal. The degree of reduction of sludge volume or dewatering is a function of the characteristics of sludge and the type of dewatering device. Sludge characteristics such as specific resistance, capillary suction time(CST), filter yield and solid content can be determined in the laboratories. Knowledge of these characteristics with different dosages of sludge conditioners helps in effective dewatering and sludge handling operations.Oil and grease have an affinity for suspended solids. Experiences show that the presence of oil in wastewater results in poor substrate utilization causing less aerobic treatment and subsequently hinder settling and dewatering processes. Sludge samples with different oil contents varying from 1.8% to 8.0% by weight have been examined in the laboratory to find out their specific resistance, capillary suction time and filter yield. Alum was used as a conditioner. Different dosages of alum varying from 2% to 12% by weight were used to determine the optimum chemical dosage for varying oil contents. Buchner funnel apparatus, filter leaf apparatus and capillary suction time test apparatus were used to determine the dewatering characteristics specific resistance, filter yield and capillary suction time respectively.Addition of alum decreases the specific resistances and capillary suction times of oily sludges rapidly upto 4% dosages. Alum dosages beyond 4% only increase the solids content in the sludge cake and increase the sludge volume to be handled. The total suspended solids of filtrate decrease with alum dosage. The correlations between dewatering characteristics were studied. A correlation between CST and specific resistance to filtration was established. CST can be measured easily and quickly in the laboratories. Using the CST and the correlation a quick prediction on dewaterability can be established. 相似文献
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采用投加悬浮填料方法和高通量测序技术研究新疆干旱寒冷地区污水处理厂的硝化、反硝化速率及生物膜菌群.结果表明,环境温度与水温具有良好的相关性;悬浮填料对氨氮和NO3--N均有降解作用,平均去除率分别为75.72%和81.42%;悬浮填料填充率在20% ~30%、曝气量在6.0 m3/h~6.5 m3/h时,总氮平均去除率... 相似文献
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Stream-bed sediment samples were collected in 2001 and 2004 along the Fratta-Gorzone River (Italy) to assess the level of
heavy metal contamination. The river stretch most affected by discharges of tannery effluent showed total and pseudo-total
Cr levels (up to 2,860 mg/kg) that greatly exceed national and international chemical sediment quality standards. The most
contaminated section of the river bed is located downstream of the main industrial discharge. However, a large fraction of
the Cr present in the sediment appears to be of lithogenic origin. At most sites, more than 50% of Cr is not soluble in aqua-regia
and thus unlikely to be very mobile or easily bio-available. A negligible risk to the benthic community can be inferred for
Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Ni. This work highlights the limitation of using existing chemical sediment quality standards alone for
risk assessment. The collection and analysis of suspended solids, the determination of river discharge and of dissolved Cr
at 10 field stations allowed to estimate the particulate and dissolved Cr load and to locate the river stretch that was the
likely source of contaminated sediment. The pumping of dilution water from the Adige River into the Fratta-Gorzone River did
not produce the expected contaminant dilution effect due to re-suspension of contaminated solid particles and the release
of Cr in solution. 相似文献
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Effects of northeast monsoon on trace metal distribution in the South China Sea off Peninsular Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Adiana N. A. M. Shazili M. A. Marinah J. Bidai 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):421-431
Concentrations of trace metals in the South China Sea (SCS) were determined off the coast of Terengganu during the months of May and November 2007. The concentrations of dissolved and particulate metals were in the range of 0.019–0.194 μg/L and 50–365 μg/g, respectively, for cadmium (Cd), 0.05–0.45 μg/L and 38–3,570 μg/g for chromium (Cr), 0.05–3.54 μg/L and 21–1,947 μg/g for manganese (Mn), and 0.03–0.49 μg/L and 2–56,982 μg/g for lead (Pb). The order of mean log K D found was Cd?>?Cr?>?Pb?>?Mn. The study suggests that the primary sources of these metals are discharges from the rivers which drain into the SCS, in particular the Dungun River, which flows in close proximity to agricultural areas and petrochemical industries. During the northeast monsoon, levels of particulate metals in the bottom water samples near the shore were found to be much higher than during the dry season, the probable result of re-suspension of the metals from the bottom sediments. 相似文献
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Gettel M Gulliver JS Kayhanian M DeGroot G Brand J Mohseni O Erickson AJ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2703-2709
Suspended solids either as total suspended solids (TSS) or suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an integral particulate water quality parameter that is important in assessing particle-bound contaminants. At present, nearly all stormwater runoff quality monitoring is performed with automatic samplers in which the sampling intake is typically installed at the bottom of a storm sewer or channel. This method of sampling often results in a less accurate measurement of suspended sediment and associated pollutants due to the vertical variation in particle concentration caused by particle settling. In this study, the inaccuracies associated with sampling by conventional intakes for automatic samplers have been verified by testing with known suspended sediment concentrations and known particle sizes ranging from approximately 20 μm to 355 μm under various flow rates. Experimental results show that, for samples collected at a typical automatic sampler intake position, the ratio of sampled to feed suspended sediment concentration is up to 6600% without an intake strainer and up to 300% with a strainer. When the sampling intake is modified with multiple sampling tubes and fitted with a wing to provide lift (winged arm sampler intake), the accuracy of sampling improves substantially. With this modification, the differences between sampled and feed suspended sediment concentration were more consistent and the sampled to feed concentration ratio was accurate to within 10% for particle sizes up to 250 μm. 相似文献
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Adam Faschan Marty Tittlebaum Frank Cartledge Harvill Eaton 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1992,22(3):199-212
Several combinations of binders and absorbent additives were utilized to solidify a typical organic waste, API Separator sludge. The effectiveness of the materials was based on the waste leachability from the solidified samples. COD and TOC analyses were used to determine the organic content of the leachate samples.The ability of the COD and TOC analyses to assess waste leachability was limited. The inability of the COD and TOC tests to differentiate between organic compounds made the results difficult to interpret. This was due to organic contaminants from the solidification materials contributing to the COD and TOC contents of the leachates. Also, the COD test may have be influenced by reduced inorganic compounds contained in the flyash binder and the sludge. Representative samples for the TOC analysis were difficult to obtain for the leachates containing oils or suspended particles. It is recommended that the COD and TOC tests only be used as a screening method for determining solidified organic waste leachability and other methods need to be employed to obtain more accurate results. 相似文献