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1.
利用矿化垃圾层预防和控制渗滤液导排系统堵塞 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在卫生填埋场中,垃圾渗滤液导排系统堵塞普遍存在,悬浮固体形成的物理堵塞、有机物降解和金属离子沉淀导致的生物-化学堵塞是引起导排系统堵塞的关键因素.本文构建了"矿化垃圾+砾石层导排"的渗滤液下渗装置,通过矿化垃圾预处理渗滤液中悬浮固体和有机物以控制导排系统发生的物理和生物-化学堵塞.结果表明,在矿化垃圾层,渗滤液中化学需氧量(COD)和悬浮固体(SS)去除较多,去除率分别达到了85%和87%,并且Ca2+浓度也出现了波动较大的现象;然而,渗滤液在砾石层下渗过程中,其COD、SS和Ca2+浓度保持稳定.并且,砾石层可排水孔隙率在长期运行的过程中没有明显变化,表明渗滤液在砾石导排层没有形成明显的沉淀.与此同时,在没有添加矿化垃圾的对照组发现,砾石层可排水孔隙率减少最多的区段是渗滤液的进水点位(可排水孔隙率减少达到了53%),即渗滤液有机负荷最大处的饱和砾石层堵塞最为严重,其无机堵塞物主要是碳酸钙等.因此,在渗滤液流入砾石层前,采用矿化垃圾层部分饱和的方式对渗滤液中有机物和悬浮固体进行预处理,可以预防和控制渗滤液在砾石层形成沉淀堵塞.研究为填埋场的运行管理渗滤液导排系统堵塞提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
2.
Diego S. Fernández María E. Puchulu Sergio M. Georgieff 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2014,36(3):489-503
Landfills constitute potential sources of different pollutants that could generate human health and environmental problems. While some landfills currently work under the protection of a bottom liner with leachate collection, it was demonstrated that migration could take place even yet with these cautions. The purpose of this paper is to assess the pollution caused by a leachate plume from a municipal landfill that is affecting both groundwater and surface waters. The research was carried out at Pacará Pintado landfill in northwestern Argentina. Analysis of water samples indicates that leachate is affecting groundwater under the landfill area and an abandoned river channel hydraulically connected. In the center of the landfill area, the plume is anoxic and sulfate, nitrate, iron and manganese reduction zones were identified. Leachate plume presented high concentration of organic matter, Fe, Mn, NH4 +, Cl? and Cr reaching an extension of 900 m. The presence of a leachate plume in a landfill site with a single liner system implies that the use of this groundwater pollution control method alone is not enough especially if permeable sediments are present below. 相似文献
3.
受垃圾渗滤液影响,垃圾场周边土壤有机物含量增加。试验结果显示,随着土壤有机物含量的增加,土壤中有效态铁锰含量增大。垃圾场周边土壤中渗滤液有机物和金属铁锰共存时,大量的有机物质能活化土壤中的铁锰,增加其有效性,增强其在土壤中的迁移能力。从而造成垃圾场地下水较严重的铁锰污染。 相似文献
4.
垃圾堆填区渗出液对干旱季节树苗生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本试验于1994年7月至1月在香港望后石垃圾堆填区进行,研究了垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌对几种亚热带树种生长及其生理学过程的影响.结果表明,在高温低湿、植物遭受水分亏缺的条件下,应用适当浓度的垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌同水灌和肥水灌溉类似,可显著地提高树苗的移栽成活率,促进树苗的生长,尤其对耐干旱能力低的树种,其效果更为显著.与对照相比,用适当浓度的渗出液或水浇灌显著地改善植株的水分关系,降低叶片的脱落酸(ABA)含量,促进气孔的开放.另外,处理植株叶片的光合特性也得到了不同程度的改善.根据以上结果,作者认为,在干旱季节植物遭受严重水分亏缺的条件下,应用适当浓度的垃圾堆填区渗出液浇灌可显著地缓解干旱对树苗生长的影响,为综合治理垃圾堆填区渗出液提供了一条经济、实用和可行的途径. 相似文献
5.
Rong Ye Sai Xu Qian Wang Xindi Fu Huixiang Dai Wenjing Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):77
6.
垃圾渗滤液组合工艺处理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对垃圾渗滤液氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高、难降解物质含量高的特点,研究了MAP脱氮-生物处理-混凝组合工艺,考察了不同单元的作用及影响处理效果的因素。试验结果表明,高浓度的垃圾渗滤液经该优化组合工艺处理,污染物的去除率为COD97.5%、BOD599.2%、NH4-N87.2%、E26075.3%。除NH4-N外,其余指标均达到了生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准中规定的二级排放标准值。 相似文献
7.
Xiping Kan Xia Yu Wentao Zhao Shuguang Lyu Shuying Sun Gang Yu Qian Sui 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):116
8.
Sögüt Z Zaimoglu BZ Erdogan R Sucu MY 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(1):13-20
Landfills are still the most widely used solid waste disposal method used across the world. Leachate generated from landfill areas exerts environmental risks mostly on surface and groundwater, with its high pollutant content, most notably metals, which cause an unbearable lower water quality. During dumping or after the capacity of the landfill has been reached, a decontamination and remediation program should be taken for the area. This study was conducted to assess the capacity and efficiency of Pennisetum clandestinum, a prostrate perennial plant, to accumulate chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). Leachate, taken from the Sofulu Landfill Site, was given to Pennisetum clandestinum for 180 days, in 3 dilution sets as 1/1, 1/2 and 1/4, in batch configuration. An additional control set was also installed for comparison. Results showed that, even though the metal content of soil had risen, plants accumulated 2 to 8.5 times higher concentrations than the control set. It is important to see, the plant showed almost no stress symptoms even if the set was fed by pure leachate. Pennisetum clandestinum was observed to accumulate metals mostly in the upper bodies, excluding Fe and Cu. 76% of accumulated Cr, 85% of Ni, 66% of Zn and 100% of Pb was observed to accumulate in above-ground parts, where only 20% of Cu and 4% of Fe was accumulated. Due to the high pollution tolerance of Pennisetum clandestinum, makes this plant suitable for decontamination and remediation of landfill sites. 相似文献
9.
Specific anthropogenic substances derived from seepage and leakage water from a waste deposit landfill were analysed in groundwater and drainage effluents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we demonstrate the application of an organic marker approach to study lateral and vertical distribution of contamination as well as the long-term emission behaviour. Source-specific and environmentally-stable pesticides, plasticisers and pharmaceuticals, such as N,N-diethyl toluamide, N-butyl benzene sulfonamide, clofibric acid, mecoprop and bisphenol A, were quantitatively analysed. A distinct lateral expansion was detected. Although temporal variations were high, no significant trend was observed. 相似文献
10.
This investigation was carried out to establish a new domestic landfill gas (LFG) generation rate model that takes into account the impact of leachate recirculation. The first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction (FKTSR) model of the LFG generation rate includes mechanisms of the nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main stages. In this study, the FKTSR model was modified by the introduction of the outflow function and the organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through leachate. Laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and verify the modified FKTSR model. The model calibration was then calculated by using the experimental data. The results suggested that the new model was in line with the experimental data. The main parameters of the modified FKTSR model, including the LFG production potential (L0), the reaction rate constant in the first stage (K1), and the reaction rate constant in the second stage (K2) of 64.746 L, 0.202 d−1, and 0.338 d−1, respectively, were comparable to the old ones of 42.069 L, 0.231 d−1, and 0.231 d−1. The new model is better able to explain the mechanisms involved in LFG generation. 相似文献
11.
我国城市垃圾渗滤液量预测与污染防治对策 总被引:44,自引:3,他引:44
郑雅杰 《城市环境与城市生态》1997,10(1):29-30
本文阐述了垃圾渗滤液对水体的污染,讨论并总结了填埋液特征-污染物浓度极高、持续时间长、流量小且极不均匀、水质变化大。对我国城市垃圾波渗液量的预测说明我国每年产生的垃圾渗滤液污染物的量相当于几座百万人口城市每年排放的生活污水。根据垃圾渗滤液特征以及我国目前情况提出了其污染防治对策。 相似文献
12.
Xingyue Qu Peihe Zhai Longqing Shi Xingwei Qu Ahmer Bilal Jin Han Xiaoge Yu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):70
13.
在室内模拟条件下,以斑马鱼(Daniorerio)为受试动物,探讨生活垃圾渗滤液对斑马鱼的急性毒性及对其鱼鳃、肝脏中的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSI-I)及Na+,K+-ATP酶等3种酶的影响。结果表明,垃圾渗滤液对斑马鱼的96hLC50为13.2%。垃圾渗滤液对斑马鱼的急性毒性相对较高,斑马鱼对垃圾渗滤液毒性的敏感性强。慢性毒性测试结果显示,垃圾渗滤液对斑马鱼肝脏中SOD活性和GSH质量分数的诱导作用明显,对Na+,K+-ATP酶活性影响并不明显;垃圾渗滤液对斑马鱼鱼鳃中SOD活性影响显著(P〈0.05)。除Na+,K+-ATP酶外,斑马鱼的抗氧化防御相关生物标志物对渗滤液染毒胁迫具有相对较高的敏感性,SOD和GSH均可用作垃圾渗滤液慢性胁迫的有效生物标志物。 相似文献
14.
反渗透(Reverse Osmosis,RO)因出水水质好、运行成本低等优势常用于垃圾渗滤液的处理,但产生的RO浓缩液具有COD高、色度高、盐分高、难降解等特点,其处理存在效果差、能耗和成本均较高等问题.本工作采用氧化钌/氧化铱涂层电极(RuO2/IrO2-Ti)的钛网为阳极,以304不锈钢电极为阴极,设计制作了6通道的电化学反应器,通过电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液,研究考查了电流密度、循环流速、比电极面积等参数对COD去除效果的影响,分析了电化学氧化去除难降解有机物并同时脱盐的过程机理与能耗.结果表明,在电流密度32.89 mA·cm-2,循环流速0.46 cm·s-1,比电极面积65.10 m2·m-3的条件下,电化学氧化处理RO浓缩液3 h,COD去除率可达68.0%,TOC去除率可达40.6%,脱盐率可达72.1%,去除单位质量COD能耗仅为常规的板状电极电化学反应器的25.5%.本工作可为垃圾渗滤液RO浓缩液的预处理提供新思路. 相似文献
15.
This study presents the modelling approach and impact assessment of different strategies for managing wetland water resources and groundwater dynamics of landscapes which are characterised by the hydrological interactions of floodplains and the adjacent lowlands. The assessment of such impacts is based on the analysis of simulation results of complex scenarios of land-use changes and changes of the density of the drainage-network. The method has been applied to the 198 km2 Lower Havel River catchment as a typical example of a lowland–floodplain landscape. The model used consists of a coupled soil water and groundwater model, where the latter one is additionally coupled to the surface channel network. Thus, the hydrological processes of the variable saturated soil zone as well as lateral groundwater flow and the interactions between surface water and groundwater are simulated in an integrated manner. The model was validated for several years of significantly different meteorological conditions. The comparison of lateral and vertical water balance components showed the dominance of lateral flow processes and the importance of the interactions between surface water and groundwater for the overall water balance and the hydrological state of that type of landscape.The simulation of land-use change scenarios showed only minor effects of land-use change on the water balance and groundwater recharge. Changes of groundwater recharge were particularly small within the wetland areas being part of the floodplain where interactions between surface water and groundwater are most pronounced. Alterations in vertical groundwater recharge were counter-balanced by the lateral interaction between groundwater and surface water. More significant deviations in groundwater recharge and storage were observed in the more peripheral areas towards the catchment boundaries which are characterised by greater groundwater distance from the surface and less intense of ground water–surface water interactions.However, the simulation results assuming a coarsening of the drainage network density showed the importance of drainage structure and geometry for the water balance: The removal of the artificial draining ditches in the floodplain would result in significant alterations of total groundwater recharge, i.e., less recharge from winter to early summer and an increase of groundwater recharge during summer and autumn. Furthermore the different effects of groundwater recharge alterations on the dynamics of groundwater stages within the wetland areas close to the floodplains compared to the more peripheral areas could be quantified. Finally, it will be discussed that a well-adjusted co-ordination of different management measures is required to reach a sustainable water resources management of such lowland–floodplain landscapes. 相似文献
16.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流处理技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
垃圾渗滤液回流处理后,CODcr去除率最高达95%,在半好氧状态下NH3-N质量浓度降低至10mg/L几以下,渗滤液水质得到改善;渗滤液回流增加了湿度,使有机物的降解速率加快;渗滤液同流处产甲烷速率是不回流处产甲烷速率的2倍多:渗滤液回流处的总沉降幅度可达填埋场深度的20%,而不回流处仅为8%。回流处理技术分为直接回流至垃圾层、表面喷灌或浇灌至填埋场表面、地表下回流或内层回流技术。在填埋场处于产酸阶段早期,回流的渗滤液量宜少不宜多:在产气阶段则可逐渐增加。应将稳定化程度高的垃圾层区(产甲烷区)排出的渗滤液回流至新填人的垃圾层(产酸区),将新垃圾层所产生的渗滤液回流至老的稳定化区。通过控制垃圾的组成、回流的时间、渗滤液的pH值等手段可改善回流处理效果。 相似文献
17.
垃圾渗滤液浇灌对红壤原生动物群落的影响 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10
采用“非浸没培养皿法”(non-flooded petri dish method)培养,对李坑垃圾填埋汤垃圾渗液淋灌的土壤中的原生动物群落进行了分析。实验发现4属4种纤毛虫:膨胀肾形虫(Colpoda inflata)、有肋薄咽虫(Leptopharynx costatus)、莫式拟肾形虫(Paracolpoda maupasi)、恼斜板虫(Plagiocampa difficils)。随淋灌中垃圾渗滤液浓度的上升,出现的纤毛虫种类呈递减趋势,从定量实验的结果来看,即使是较低浓度的垃圾渗滤液,也对土壤原生动物群落造成了较大的伤害。25%浓度的垃圾渗滤液淋灌的土样中,原生动物数量仅为CK组的30%;超过50%浓度的渗滤液稀释液淋灌土样,则仅为CK组的10%左右。数据表明污染本身并没有被降解,而是全部(或至少大部分)转移到了受渗滤液影响的土壤中,从而导致土壤中的原生动物群落的结构无论是从数量上还是从种类上均曹到相当大的破坏。表4参15 相似文献
18.
垃圾填埋场渗滤液灌溉地土壤和植物中重金属积累 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分加在广州市李坑垃圾填埋场有渗滤液回灌的地表和未经渗滤液回灌的地表随机采集土样,深度达1m,同时分别采集长于灌溉地和非灌溉地上的三个优势植物种(牛筋草,孔雀稗和狗牙根)为代表,调查渗滤液灌溉后封和植物的重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd)积累效应。结果表明,渗滤液灌溉地的不同深度土壤和地表植物体内都有不同程度重金属积累。经t-检验,Cu,Pb和Cd在所调查的各土层内的积累效应α=0.05时都达到显著水 相似文献
19.
Leachate pollution in landfill sites is a major source of environmental concern. This study evaluates organics, nutrients and heavy metals in a landfill site in Beijing, and introduces a method combining coagulation–flocculation with filtration for the advanced treatment of leachate. The results confirm that CODCr, TN, NH4+ ? N, TP, Mn and As in leachate treated by an anaeobic–oxic biological method are unable to meet discharge or surface water quality standards. When treated with coagulation–flocculation combined with filtration under optimal conditions (cationic polyacrylamide dosage of 8.0 mg/L; polyaluminium chloride dosage of 350 mg/L; 0.4–0.6 mm ceramsite media in the filtration process), the residual NH4+? N, TN, Mn and As in the leachate meet the maximum allowed values for landfill leachate discharge or surface water quality standards in China; the exceptions are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus. Leachate treatment processes could be further strengthened or improved. 相似文献
20.
Qiyun Zhu April Gu Dan Li Tianmu Zhang Lunhong Xiang Miao He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):136