微生物传感器技术原理及其在水环境监测中的应用

微生物传感器技术产生于７０年代，并且，已在水环境监测中得到应用，例如，ＢＯＤ、ＮＨ３、ＮＨ４＾＋、ＮＯ２＾－、ＮＯ３＾－等项目分析；毒物测定和毒性评价；致突变物的筛选等。实践证明，该项技术具有快速、灵敏、易于自动控制、成本低廉等优点；可以相信，它必定会越来越多的应用于环境监测。     

双流区域地下水污染现状及评价

本文在双流区域地下水污染调查基础之上，选用了主要反映工业生活污染的综合指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和反映农业污染程度的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ作为评价因子，研究了双流地下水污染现状，采用了综合指数法和点群分析法分类并评价了区域地下水污染对饮用水源地的影响程度。     

原子吸收法测定人发中的铜锌铁钙

以家用微波炉，全聚四氟乙烯微波消化罐和ＨＮＯ３／Ｈ２Ｏ２消解体系溶样，选择最佳溶样条件，对发样和标准物质进行测定，并和传统湿法（ＨＮＯ３／ＨＣＬＯ４）消解体系溶样做了对比，通过测定和比较，表明微波溶样具有较好的精密度和准确度，证明这一方法是可行的。     

酸性降水研究

本文对降水酸度的变化规律，降水ｐＨ值与电导率的关系，以及ｐＨ值与降水量，降水时间的关系等方面进行了研究，建立了ｐＨ值与ＳＯ＾２－４，Ｃａ＾２＋，ＮＨ＾＋４的三元线性回归模式。     

甲基汞暴露不同时期对大鼠胚胎致畸作用的研究

本文应用全胚胎培养模型探讨了致畸物甲基汞（０４μＧ／ｍｌ）在器官形成早期暴露不同时期后，对大鼠胚胎生长发育的影响。结果显示早期暴露６ｈ，畸胎发生率为３３３％；１２ｈ，绝大多数反映胚胎生长发育和器官形态分化的指标埴均明显降低且５０％的胚胎出现多种畸形表现，例如，神经管未闭、心包积液及脑部形态异常等；暴露２４ｈ和４８ｈ，甲基汞对胚胎发育的抑制作用及诱发的畸胎率匀与１２ｈ的结果类似（ｐ＞００５）；但在晚期暴露１２ｈ，未见胚胎发育异常。结果提示体外培养胚胎对甲基汞的敏感时期约在１—１２ｈ这一期间     

山西省辛安泉氮污染预测实验拟合数学模型的研究

本文在环境水文地质地球化学调查的基础上，以相似论为依据，采用模拟实验方法，获取ＮＨ４在水－岩土体系中的运移规律，进而建立实验拟合模型，经检验修正，可初步用于污染预测，这种把ＮＨ４的力学迁移与地球化学的融为一体的建模方法，具有合理，直观，简便等优点。     

脉冲电晕等离子法烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

本文探讨了脉冲电晕等离子法脱硫脱硝的基本原理，较系统地研究了影响脉冲电晕等离子烟气脱硫脱硝的主要因素，进行了加ＮＨ３脱硝的探索试验。实验表明：该法能有效地去除烟气中的ＳＯ２，但脱硝效果不明显，加ＮＨ３后可大量提高脱硝的效率；湿度对脱硫影响较大，湿度越高，脱硫效率也越高，当相对湿度达８０％时，脱硫率基本达到最大，而湿度对脱硝的影响不如脱硫明显；脉冲电压越高，功率越大，脱硫脱硝效率越高；增加放电极长度     

涪陵地区农田径流水体中三氮含量及分布特征

本文在涪陵地区大面积和定点采集了农田径流水样品，测定了径流水体中的三氮含量。探讨了径流水体三氮随产流时间的变化，分析了干旱时间，水体流动等因素对三氮含量的影响。结果表明，干旱时间，径流水体流动对三氮含量有一定的影响。经统计分析，涪陵地区农田径流水体中的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３＾－－Ｎ，ＮＯ２＾－－Ｎ和Ｔ－Ｎ含量分别为０．８４０，０．９７０，０．１０７和２．０７ｍｇ／ｌ。     

A/O~2法在炼油污水处理中的应用

为探索Ａ／Ｏ２（厌氧Ａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ／好氧Ｏｘｉｃ）法在处理炼油污水中的应用,进行了Ａ／Ｏ２法中型试验,验证ＮＨ３－Ｎ容积负荷与去除率之间的关系,以及溶解氧、含油量对处理效果的影响等几项内容。Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于炼油污水的处理是可行的,对ＣＯＤ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ、油、酚、ＳＳ等有很好的处理效果。将Ａ／Ｏ２法应用于济南炼油厂,各构筑物运转正常,处理效果很好,完全达到国家排放标准。Ａ／Ｏ２用来处理炼油污水,工艺可行、技术先进、经济合理,不仅对ＣＯＤ、氨氮去除率高,对其它排放指标去除率都很高。实践证明Ａ／Ｏ２法用来处理炼油污水是完全可行的,济南炼厂污水处理的成功经验值得推广。     

信息窗

信息窗石油化工污水ＮＨ３－Ｎ达标的探讨随着石油化工产品的增加及深度加工，其排放污水中ＮＨ３－Ｎ经中和沉淀，生化处理后仍达不到国家排放标准，为促使石油化工外排污水ＮＨ３－Ｎ达标提出了Ａ／０生物膜脱氮、过氧化脱氮、碱化曝气吹脱氮及程序间歇式多级生物氧化法...     

不同造孔剂负载金属活性炭的制备及其脱硫性能初步研究

以糠醛渣、酚醛树脂和一定的造孔剂为原料制备球形活性炭，考察其碘吸附值和负载金属的性能，结果表明，较好的造孔剂为CMC。同时，通过浸泡方式在活性炭上负载铜、钒以及铜钒复合物，在不同温度下考察各活性炭的脱硫性能，结果表明，负载钒的活性炭在437K下对SO2的转化有明显的催化作用，而铜、钒负载量的适当增加有利于活性炭吸附性能的提高。     

A study of the extraction of vanadium and nickel in oil-fired fly ash

Annual production of oil-fired fly ash in Taiwan is approximately 43 000 tons, of this approximately 13 000 tons is electrostatically precipitated, the rest is cyclonically collected. Structurewise, both consist of porous unburned carbon, vanadium and nickel oxide, and water-soluble sulfate. Electrostatically precipitated fly ash contains large amounts of ammonium sulfate. If these ashes are not properly disposed of, they become environmental problems, such as dusting, leakage of acid liquids, and pollution with heavy metals. This paper discusses the experimental extraction of vanadium and nickel from oil-fired fly ash. The results indicated that leaching of oil-fired fly ash in 0.5 N of sulfuric acid led to an extraction of 65% vanadium, 60% nickel, and 42% iron, along with an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid. When leached in 2 N sodium hydroxide solution, the extraction of vanadium was 80%, and the extraction of nickel was negligible. If leached in an ammonia water, the extraction of nickel increased, along with an increase in the concentration of ammonia in water. When leached with 4 N ammonia water, the extraction of nickel was 60%, the extraction of vanadium was less than that obtainable from leaching in sulfuric acid solution or in sodium hydroxide solution. If electrostatically precipitated fly ash was leached in a solution of 0.25 N ammonia water and 2 N ammonium sulfate, it would yield an extraction of 60% nickel and 8% vanadium—leading to a selective extraction of nickel. This study has established an extraction flowsheet in which fly ash was first leached in an ammoniacal solution containing ammonium sulfate to recover nickel. The leached residues were then leached in an alkaline solution to recover vanadium.     

含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的沉钒废水的处理研究

简要介绍了含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的工艺，阐述了沉钒废水对人体和环境的危害，陈述了两种工艺沉钒废水的主要成分及浓度，分析了共性和特性。并针对不同的生产方法及沉钒废水的性质，分别选择制定合理的废水处理方案，为环境影响评价工作提供一定的科学依据。     

微量钒的分光光度测定方法研究进展

综述分光光度法测定试样中微量钒,并对各种方法的测量条件、特点以及应用范围作了较为详尽的论述和介绍。     

燃煤机组SCR脱硝催化剂的研究进展

选择性催化还原(SCR)是目前控制氮氧化物排放的主要技术。本文介绍了锅炉炉后脱硝系统的布置位置及工艺条件、已经工业化的氨选择性高温还原钒催化剂的特点,以及近年来低温脱硝催化剂的研究现状。指出我国脱硝催化剂应提高还原剂的选择性,开发新型低温催化剂应重点考察烟气中的水、二氧化硫及硫酸氢铵等对催化剂的影响。     

四川省钢铁工业节能潜力研究

四川省钢铁工业综合能耗、各工序能耗与全国先进水平均有较大差距。节能潜力巨大。能耗高的原因首先是因为采用钒钛磁铁矿,该矿难选出、品位低、焦比高,且要增加一级提钒工序,能耗较高。其次是装备水平不高,设备大型化率不高;最后就是因为节能技术、技能装备普及率不高。大量资源未能实现回收利用。分析认为,应针对上述问题采取针对性的措施,可达到四川省钢铁工业大量节能的目的。     

Effect of the Prestige oil spill on salt marsh soils on the coast of Galicia (northwestern Spain)

At four estuarine sites on the coast of Galicia (northwestern Spain), all of which were affected by the Prestige oil spill, soil samples were taken from polluted and unpolluted areas and their petroleum hydrocarbon contents, heavy metal contents, and other chemical and physical characteristics were measured. Oil pollution altered both chemical and physical soil properties, aggregating soil particles in plaques, lowering porosity, and increasing resistance to penetration and hydrophobicity. The chromium, nickel, copper, iron, lead, and vanadium contents of polluted soils were between 2 and 2500 times higher than those of their unpolluted counterparts and the background concentrations in Galician coastal sediments. In the cases of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and V, their origin in the polluting oil was corroborated by the high correlation (r >/= 0.74) between the concentrations of these metals and the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the polluted soils. Soil redox potentials ranged from -19 to -114 mV in polluted soils and 112 to 164 mV in unpolluted soils, and were negatively correlated with TPH content (p < 0.01). The low values in the polluted soils explain why the soluble fractions of their total heavy metal contents were very small (generally less than 3%, and in many cases undetectable).     

Elemental composition of total dry particulate matter deposited in the selected industrial areas within Lagos state

The total particulate matter (PM) deposited within 17 selected industrial areas in Lagos state during the dry season (December 2015 to January 2016) was studied. Deposition gauges measuring 0.2 meters (m) in diameter by 0.15 m in depth were placed at the sampling locations for a period of one month to collect the total deposited PM. The PM was then characterized using energy‐dispersive X‐ray florescence (EDXRF). The sources of the heavy metals were evaluated using enrichment factor (EF) analysis. Factor analysis (FA) was then used to determine the correlations between the identified heavy metals. Twenty‐three elements—sodium (Na), silicon (Si), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), lead (Pb), tungsten (W), polonium (Po), and actinium (Ac)—were characterized in the PM collected at the sampling sites. The iron elemental ratio ranged from 0.0003 to 3.8848. The EF ranged from 0.0015 to 1697.47, including at the control location. The FA, using principal component analysis techniques, revealed seven factor loadings with 90.03% cumulative, which suggests that the sources are anthropogenic, such as from industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and the combustion of fuel.     

Carbon dioxide capture with concentrated,aqueous piperazine

Concentrated, aqueous piperazine (PZ) has been investigated as a novel amine solvent for carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption. The CO₂ absorption rate of aqueous PZ is more than double that of 7 m MEA and the amine volatility at 40 °C ranges from 11 to 21 ppm. Thermal degradation is negligible in concentrated, aqueous PZ up to a temperature of 150 °C, a significant advantage over MEA systems. Oxidation of concentrated, aqueous PZ is appreciable in the presence of copper (4 mM), but negligible in the presence of chromium (0.6 mM), nickel (0.25 mM), iron (0.25 mM), and vanadium (0.1 mM). Initial system modeling suggests that 8 m PZ will use 10–20% less energy than 7 m MEA. The fast mass transfer and low degradation rates suggest that concentrated, aqueous PZ has the potential to be a preferred solvent for CO₂ capture.     

Metal contamination of surface water,sediment and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tympanotonus fuscatus</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">radula</Emphasis> of Iko River and environmental impact due to Utapete gas flare station,Nigeria

Inter-seasonal studies on the trace metal load of surface water, sediment and Tympanotonus fuscatus var. radula of Iko River were conducted between 2003 and 2004. The impact of anthropogenic activities especially industrial effluent, petroleum related wastes, gas flare and episodic oil spills on the ecosystem are remarkable. Trace metals analyzed included cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V) and zinc (Zn). Sediment particle size analysis revealed that they were characteristically psammitic and were predominantly of medium to fine grained sand (>73%), less of silt (<15%) and clay (<10%). These results correlated with low levels of trace elements such as Pb (0.03 ± 0.02 mg kg⁻¹), Cr (0.22 ± 0.12 mg kg⁻¹), Cd (0.05 ± 0.03 mg kg⁻¹), Cu (0.04 ± 0.02 mg kg⁻¹) and Mn (0.23 ± 0.22 mg kg⁻¹) in the sediment samples. This observation is consistent with the scarcity of clayey materials known to be good scavengers for metallic and organic contaminants. Sediments indicated enhanced concentration of Fe, Ni and V, while other metal levels were relatively low. The concentrations of all the metals except Pb in surface water were within the permissible levels, suggesting that the petroleum contaminants had minimal effect on the state of pollution by trace metals in Iko River. Notably, the pollutant concentrations in the sediments were markedly higher than the corresponding concentrations in surface water and T. fuscatus tissues, and decreased with distance from point sources of pollution.