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《环境污染与防治》2015,(8)
为了合成能够与臭氧联用催化氧化垃圾渗滤液中污染物的高效催化剂,采用浸渍法制备了以活性氧化铝为载体的75种不同铜镍负载率的催化剂,使之分别与臭氧联用进行垃圾渗滤液催化氧化处理。结果表明,铜镍催化剂能够提高臭氧催化氧化垃圾渗滤液中污染物的能力,与单独臭氧氧化相比,铜镍催化剂与臭氧联用对垃圾渗滤液中COD的去除率可提高20百分点左右,合成的铜镍催化剂可重复使用3次;浸渍液(氯化铜溶液、氯化镍溶液)质量浓度均为0.250 0mg/L,Cu2+与Ni 2+的摩尔比为1.00,焙烧温度为800℃下制得的铜镍催化剂(催化剂41#)对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮的去除效果最佳,其铜镍负载率为2.676 4%;针对催化剂41#的表征分析结果表明,其合成过程中生成了新物质Cu2HIO6·2H2O和NiAl10O16。 相似文献
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采用液相化学沉淀法制备了易于回收的磁性碳纳米管催化剂,应用于催化湿式氧化实验处理垃圾转运站渗滤液。结果表明,在反应温度为200℃,n(COD)∶n(H_2O_2)=1∶1.8,时间为60 min,催化剂添加量为0.1 g·L~(-1)的最佳条件下,垃圾渗滤液的COD去除率达到86.38%。出水可溶解性有机物(DOM)的紫外和三维荧光分析表明,实验对芳香族化合物和腐殖质的去除效果良好,可生化性提高。磁性碳纳米管在外加强磁场作用下30 s内便可实现快速分离,重复5次使用回收率可达90%。 相似文献
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类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化水解羰基硫的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用共沉淀法制备了一系列的类水滑石衍生复合氧化物催化剂,利用正交实验设计对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化,研究了金属组合、合成pH、M2+/M3+、二价金属比、焙烧温度和晶化温度等6个因素对羰基硫催化水解过程中催化剂硫容的影响。结果表明,金属组合、二价金属比和焙烧温度的影响极其显著(p=99%),晶化温度的影响显著(p=95%),合成pH与M2+/M3+对催化剂活性影响不显著(p=90%)。在设定实验条件下,金属组合取Co-Ni-Al、合成pH为9,M2+/M3+为3,二价金属比1,焙烧温度取350℃,晶化温度50℃时制得的催化剂具有最高的催化活性。对最佳制备条件下得到的催化剂进行了重复性实验以及XRD表征,结果表明制备的催化剂的硫容为7.10 g硫/g催化剂,Co3O4可能是其活性中心。 相似文献
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以SnO2为载体,Au为活性组分,采用真空浸渍法、共沉淀法、沉积-沉淀法制备CO氧化的催化剂,同时还制备双金属体系催化剂Au-Pd/SnO2和Au-Pt/SnO2.用气相色谱对所制备的催化剂进行活性评价,运用DSC、SEM、XRD、BET等对催化剂进行表征.在本实验条件下,载体二氧化锡焙烧温度为500℃,催化剂成型温度为350℃,金负载量为3%(wt.)时,用沉积.沉淀法制备的Au/SnO2活性最好,在18℃,空速为24 000 h-1条件下就能将CO(浓度为4%)完全氧化为CO2;添加铂和钯可提高Au/SnO2对CO的催化活性. 相似文献
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采用溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([Bmim]Br)离子液体辅助水热合成法制备了光催化剂Bi VO4。以高压氙灯作为可见光源,亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,考察反应温度、p H、反应时间和离子用量等制备条件对Bi VO4的可见光催化活性的影响,确定了最佳制备条件。并采用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis漫反射等分析手段对催化剂的晶相、形貌和光学特性进行了表征。结果表明,在离子液体加入量为2 m L、p H=4、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4 h的条件下,制得的Bi VO4催化剂的可见光光催化活性最高。制得的Bi VO4为单斜相,呈分散的、大小均匀的片状,在200~500 nm范围有一个较宽的强吸收平台,具有良好的可见光催化活性,在可见光照射下对浓度为5 mg/L的亚甲基蓝的光催化脱色率达97%以上。 相似文献
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以SnO2为载体,Au为活性组分,采用真空浸渍法、共沉淀法、沉积沉淀法制备CO氧化的催化剂,同时还制备双金属体系催化剂Au-Pd/SnO2和Au-Pt/SnO2。用气相色谱对所制备的催化剂进行活性评价,运用DSC、SEM、XRD、BET等对催化剂进行表征。在本实验条件下,载体二氧化锡焙烧温度为500 ℃,催化剂成型温度为350 ℃,金负载量为3%(wt.)时,用沉积-沉淀法制备的Au/SnO2活性最好,在18 ℃,空速为24 000 h-1条件下就能将CO(浓度为4%)完全氧化为CO2;添加铂和钯可提高Au/SnO2对CO的催化活性。 相似文献
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针对燃用中国典型煤的2×600 MW机组电厂失活的蜂窝式催化剂,使用XRF、ICP、物理吸附仪、吡啶吸附、H_2-TPR等表征手段等对催化剂失效前后的理化性质进行表征,研究了催化剂的失效原因。结果表明,催化剂的失活是由于碱金属Na、K和碱土金属CaO等物质导致了催化剂的物理失效以及化学中毒。催化剂物理失效是由于催化剂表面碱金属颗粒的沉积造成催化剂孔道堵塞,致使活性中心被覆盖。催化剂的化学中毒是由于酸性位丧失和活性位VO_x氧化还原性质降低,进而导致NH_3的吸附过程,以及催化剂表面吸附态NH_3和NO_x物种的活化过程均受到了抑制。利用项目组开发的1 000 m~3·a~(-1)再生装置,对失效催化剂进行了中试再生,结果表明,表面和孔道内积累的中毒物质全部被去除,催化剂孔结构、酸性位数量和活性位状态均恢复至新鲜催化剂水平。实验室活性评价结果显示,再生催化剂脱硝效率相比失效催化剂在360℃提高到85%左右,与新鲜催化剂相当。再生催化剂组装为2层测试模块(每层模块含9根催化剂),历经神华四川能源公司江油电厂侧线反应器5 000 h实际烟气测试,脱硝性能良好,维持在88%左右,超过初始设计值80%,且NH_3逃逸和SO_2/SO_3转化率满足电厂工程要求。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2017,(10)
采用挤出成型法制备系列Ti-Si-O_x复合氧化物催化剂载体,研究了Ti-Si-O_x催化剂载体组分配比、酸量、比表面积与脱硝性能和抗压强度的关系。采用XRD、Raman spectra、N_2-BET、Py-IR以及XPS等表征技术对催化剂载体进行表征。结果表明:Ti/Si元素摩尔比为9∶1时Ti_(0.9)Si_(0.1)O_x催化剂载体的轴向抗压强度适中且脱硝催化活性最高;在5 000 h~(-1)空速条件下,催化剂载体最高脱硝活性在400℃时达到99.0%且起燃温度降至260℃;另外,Ti_(0.9)Si_(0.1)O_x催化剂载体的比表面积为75.4 m~2·g~(-1),介孔最可几分布为8.1 nm,轴向抗压强度为1.4 MPa,符合工业应用条件,即Ti-Si-O_x载体具有较好的工业应用前景。 相似文献
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运用微反技术考察了CrOX负载型催化剂对CO+O2和CO+NO反应的催化活性。研究了微量Pd加和CrOX基双组元催化剂对上述反应的催化活性,中间产物N2O生成和N2生成的影响。 相似文献
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La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂还原脱硫耐氧特性及其反应机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用浸渍法制备了一系列稀土催化剂,研究了其催化CO还原SO2为单质硫的耐氧特性及影响其耐氧性能的主要因素,运用XRD技术分析了催化剂物相的变化及脱硫产物成分.结果表明,12% La2O3-8% CeO2/γ-Al2O3复组分催化剂比其他La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的耐氧性能;脱硫温度、催化剂用量、SO2与CO的摩尔比等对催化剂的耐氧性能均有明显的影响.最后,探讨了稀土催化剂脱硫机理,并分析在有O2条件下,引起脱硫率下降的原因是反应过程中O2与CO、S发生了竞争性反应. 相似文献
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Removal of carbon disulfide via coupled reactions on a bi-functional catalyst: experimental and modeling results 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A mathematical model describing the rate of carbon disulfide (CS2) removal due to coupled reactions has been developed. Kinetic studies were carried out in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and a range of temperatures (85–125 °C). The effects of flow rate, CS2 inlet concentration, temperature and relative humidity were analyzed. A kinetic model based on axial dispersion, external and internal mass-transfer resistances, as well as effects of S deposition on the inner-face of the catalyst was in agreement with the CS2 experimental breakthrough curves. The mathematical model can be used for process design and scale up of similar systems. 相似文献
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以糠醛液相加氢生产糠醇所用的废铜铬氧化物催化剂为原料,通过与纯碱氧化——钠化焙烧、浸取分离铜铬离子,分别制得铬酸钠和硝酸铜,并以此为原料进一步制得新催化剂,回用于糠醛液相加氢制糠醇。Cr(Ⅲ)与Cu(Ⅱ)的转化率均在90%以上,制得的新催化剂回收率大于85%,使用效果好。研究了铬转化率与焙烧温度、时间、返渣量等条件的关系。 相似文献
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Technologies such as thermal, oxidative, reductive, and microbial methods for the remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been reviewed. Based on energy consumption, formation of PCDD/F, and remediation efficiency, reductive methods have emerged as being advantageous for remediation of PCBs. However, many new developments in this field have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, reductive technologies published in the last decade related to remediation of PCBs will be reviewed here. Three categories, including catalytic hydrodechlorination with H2, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, and other reductive dechlorination methods (e.g., hydrogen-transfer dechlorination, base-catalyzed dechlorination, and sodium dispersion) are specifically reviewed. In addition, the advantages of each remediation technology are discussed. In this review, 108 articles are referenced. 相似文献
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Alfred Eisner Jacob Tadmor 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):400-401
A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO2 removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,10(2):304-314
This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies). 相似文献