硫磺制酸厂余热发电技术

介绍了硫磺制酸厂利用余热发电的工艺流程，设备配置及其运行效果。     

上海嘉定污水厂污泥资源化工程工艺优化和设计

上海嘉定污水厂污泥资源化工程新建2条焚烧线,包括污泥接收储运、污泥焚烧、余热发电、烟气处理、废水处理、公共辅助等系统。着重介绍了优化设计和各系统的详细设计方案,对于孤岛污泥焚烧项目和加强与生活垃圾焚烧项目协同设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

浅谈上海地区生活垃圾的能源化利用

1 前言 城市生活垃圾属废弃物的再利用范畴,不仅可作为再生物质的原料,而且还可作为能源.利用垃圾焚烧方式回收其能量的垃圾处理技术在近20年得到迅速发展,美国、日本等发达国家已开始大量应用,并产生了良好的环保效益和经济效益,此外,这些发达国家还利用无机垃圾制RDF(垃圾衍生燃料),利用废塑料制汽油,利用有机垃圾制取甲烷,这些制取能源的方法被认为是我国处理城市生活垃圾的一个重要方向.深圳市1988年投产了从日本引进的两台三菱马丁式垃圾焚烧炉,日处理垃圾150吨/台,发电装机容量为3000千瓦,开我国焚烧工艺处理垃圾并利用余热发电的先河.预计到2010年,各地将建有各类垃圾能源工厂150～200座.     

一种用于废弃电解铜回收处理的节能环保装置

专利申请号:CN202120383212.8公开号:CN215310831U申请日:2021.02.20公开日:2021.12.28申请人:昆山市惠盛实业有限公司本实用新型公开了一种用于废弃电解铜回收处理的节能环保装置,包括电解箱、余热回收箱、净化箱和过滤箱,电解箱的一端固定连接有升降架,且电解箱的下端连接有余热回收箱箱盖,余热回收箱箱盖的下方设置有余热回收箱,余热回收箱与余热回收箱箱盖的连接处设置有密封橡胶垫,余热回收箱的一侧设置有过滤箱和净化箱,     

循环经济发展战略及近期行动计划(续完)

(续4) 第八章 保障措施 第一节 完善经济政策 产业政策.落实《产业结构调整指导目录》、《外商投资产业指导目录》、《限制用地项目目录》和《禁止用地项目目录》.进一步提高高耗能、高耗水、高耗地、高排放行业准入门槛,严格节能、环保、土地、安全方面的约束.发布国家鼓励、限制和淘汰的技术、工艺、设备、材料和产品名录,再制造产品目录和限制生产、销售的一次性产品名录及管理办法.鼓励煤矸石、余热余压、垃圾和沼气等发电上网.研究制定在脱硫石膏产生量大的地区限制开采天然石膏的政策.保障符合国家产业政策和投资管理规定的循环经济项目用地.     

核电厂温排水余热综合利用方案设计的初步研究

核电厂温排水（循环冷却水）余热的充分利用,可以使原本要排放到大气或水域中的热量大大减少,甚至能实现电厂余热的＂零排放＂,在节约能源、产生巨大经济效益的同时,也达到了保护电厂温排水受纳水体免遭热污染的目的。在国内外温排水余热利用途径调研的基础上,运用生态工程理论和生态设计的理念,进行温排水余热综合利用方案设计的初步研究。     

天然气发电工程CDM项目开发的探讨

通过对浙江省能源集团公司镇海发电厂在天然气发电工程CDM项目开发方面的具体实践,论述了对于天然气发电的基础线和监测方法学的研究与应用,以及在开发应用过程中的主要注意事项.     

炭黑工业烟气余热的回收及利用

对油炉法炭黑生产过程烟气的来源，组成，发生量，特性作了介绍，着重研究了炭黑烟气余热的加收及利用。结果表明，采用余热锅炉串联多级空气预热器，是目前我国炭黑烟气余热回收及利用的最佳方法，采用这种方法，不仅可将高温炭黑烟气的余热量最大限度地回收及利用，同时可满足炭黑收集及烟气净化系统设备对炭黑烟气温度的要求，采用该法，炭黑烟气余热利用率可提高２０％以上，经济效益十分可观。     

发达国家电力产业发展循环经济的经验

电力产业大力发展循环经济,对国家经济持续稳定的增长具有基础性、关键性、长期性的作用.详细介绍了发达国家电力产业在减少排放、控制污染、提高发电效率、推行清洁生产、探索建立循环经济工业园区及发展可再生能源发电等方面的经验和做法,为我国电力产业大力发展循环经济提供良好借鉴.     

铜化集团公司三废治理见成效

铜陵化学工业集团公司是以生产硫磷化工产品为主的一个联合企业,过去由于工艺技术等方面的原因,在生产过程中跑、冒、滴、漏现象十分普遍,严重地影响了周边的生态环境。为使企业得到可持续性发展,并使生态环境得到有效保护,该公司从污染源头抓起,对生产过程中产生的废气、废水、废渣进行了综合治理。在废气治理方面,该公司的合成氨厂利用生产过程中的半水煤气,开发出国内工艺较为领先的碳酸锶项目;磷铵厂、化工总厂利用余热蒸汽发电;有机公司苯酐生产线通过技术改造,既提高了产量,又降低了尾气中的有害物质,并从洗涤水中回收了…     

Comparing Waste-to-Energy technologies by applying energy system analysis

Even when policies of waste prevention, re-use and recycling are prioritised a fraction of waste will still be left which can be used for energy recovery. This article asks the question: How to utilise waste for energy in the best way seen from an energy system perspective? Eight different Waste-to-Energy technologies are compared with a focus on fuel efficiency, CO₂ reductions and costs. The comparison is carried out by conducting detailed energy system analyses of the present as well as a potential future Danish energy system with a large share of combined heat and power as well as wind power. The study shows potential of using waste for the production of transport fuels. Biogas and thermal gasification technologies are hence interesting alternatives to waste incineration and it is recommended to support the use of biogas based on manure and organic waste. It is also recommended to support research into gasification of waste without the addition of coal and biomass. Together the two solutions may contribute to alternate use of one third of the waste which is currently incinerated. The remaining fractions should still be incinerated with priority to combined heat and power plants with high electric efficiency.     

Comparing the greenhouse gas emissions from three alternative waste combustion concepts

Three alternative condensing mode power and combined heat and power (CHP) waste-to-energy concepts were compared in terms of their impacts on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a heat and power generation system. The concepts included (i) grate, (ii) bubbling fluidised bed (BFB) and (iii) circulating fluidised bed (CFB) combustion of waste. The BFB and CFB take advantage of advanced combustion technology which enabled them to reach electric efficiency up to 35% and 41% in condensing mode, respectively, whereas 28% (based on the lower heating value) was applied for the grate fired unit. A simple energy system model was applied in calculating the GHG emissions in different scenarios where coal or natural gas was substituted in power generation and mix of fuel oil and natural gas in heat generation by waste combustion. Landfilling and waste transportation were not considered in the model. GHG emissions were reduced significantly in all of the considered scenarios where the waste combustion concepts substituted coal based power generation. With the exception of condensing mode grate incinerator the different waste combustion scenarios resulted approximately in 1 Mton of fossil CO₂-eq. emission reduction per 1 Mton of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerated. When natural gas based power generation was substituted by electricity from the waste combustion significant GHG emission reductions were not achieved.     

Evaluation of environmental impacts from municipal solid waste management in the municipality of Aarhus, Denmark (EASEWASTE).

A new computer based life cycle assessment model (EASEWASTE) was used to evaluate a municipal solid waste system with the purpose of identifying environmental benefits and disadvantages by anaerobic digestion of source-separated household waste and incineration. The most important processes that were included in the study are optical sorting and pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion with heat and power recovery, incineration with heat and power recovery, use of digested biomass on arable soils and finally, an estimated surplus consumption of plastic in order to achieve a higher quality and quantity of organic waste to the biogas plant. Results showed that there were no significant differences in most of the assessed environmental impacts for the two scenarios. However, the use of digested biomass may cause a potential toxicity impact on human health due to the heavy metal content of the organic waste. A sensitivity analysis showed that the results are sensitive to the energy recovery efficiencies, to the extra plastic consumption for waste bags and to the content of heavy metals in the waste. A model such as EASEWASTE is very suitable for evaluating the overall environmental consequences of different waste management strategies and technologies, and can be used for most waste material fractions existing in household waste.     

Sewage sludge drying by energy recovery from OFMSW composting: Preliminary feasibility evaluation

In this paper an original energy recovery method from composting is analyzed. The integrated system exploits the heat available from the aerobic biochemical process in order to support the drying of sewage sludge, using a specific solar greenhouse. The aim is to tackle the problem of organic waste treatment, with specific regard to food waste. This is done by optimizing the energy consumption of the aerobic process of composting, using the heat produced to solve a second important waste management problem such as the sewage waste treatment. Energy and mass balances are presented in a preliminary feasibility study. Referring to a composting plant with a capacity of 15,000 t/y of food waste, the estimation of the power from recovered heat for the entire plant resulted about 42 kW. The results demonstrated that the energy recoverable can cover part of the heat necessary for the treatment of sludge generated by the population served by the composting plant (in terms of food waste and green waste collection). The addition of a renewable source such as solar energy could cover the residual energy demand. The approach is presented in detail in order for it to be replicated in other case studies or at full scale applications.     

垃圾焚烧中抑制二恶英二次生成的方法探讨

根据生活垃圾焚烧技术中二恶英的生成机理,余热锅炉的烟气在低温区急冷可以避免二恶英在低温区的再次合成,但目前在余热锅炉烟气低温区急冷是不可行的。提出一种从垃圾焚烧系统设计上进行烟气的急冷,从而抑制二恶英低温区二次生成的新方法。     

Process and technological aspects of municipal solid waste gasification. A review

The paper proposes a critical assessment of municipal solid waste gasification today, starting from basic aspects of the process (process types and steps, operating and performance parameters) and arriving to a comparative analysis of the reactors (fixed bed, fluidized bed, entrained bed, vertical shaft, moving grate furnace, rotary kiln, plasma reactor) as well as of the possible plant configurations (heat gasifier and power gasifier) and the environmental performances of the main commercially available gasifiers for municipal solid wastes. The analysis indicates that gasification is a technically viable option for the solid waste conversion, including residual waste from separate collection of municipal solid waste. It is able to meet existing emission limits and can have a remarkable effect on reduction of landfill disposal option.     

Quality control of waste to incineration--waste composition analysis in Lidk?ping, Sweden.

In order to decrease environmental impacts in waste management the choice of treatment method must be based on the characteristics of the waste. Present sampling procedures do not provide statistically representative samples of solid waste and this provides difficulties in characterization. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for waste component analysis and sampling of waste after collection and at plant level. A further objective was to characterize the waste delivered to an incineration plant for physical and chemical properties and to determine the amounts of delivered waste that could be classified as biofuels and fossil fuels. The proportions of recyclables and hazardous waste were also examined. Samples were taken randomly from waste trucks and divided by square implementation. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the number of sub-samples could be decreased with only a moderate increase in the confidence interval. This means that future waste composition analyses could be made more efficient and thereby less expensive. The analysis of the waste delivered to the Lidk?ping incineration plant (Central Sweden) showed that 66.4% of the household waste was composed of biofuels and 21.3% of non-renewable combustibles, of which 40.3% were recyclables. In addition, 11.6% of the household waste was non-combustible and 0.6% hazardous waste. The heat value for the biofuels was 18.0-19.7 MJ kg(-1) dry mass (DM) and for the fossil fuels 28.2-33.9 MJ kg(-1) DM. The industrial waste consisted of 35.9% biofuels, 62.0% fossil fuels, 1.6% non-combustible and 0.5% hazardous waste. The heat value was 19.5 MJ kg(-1) DM for the biofuels and 31.4 MJ kg(-1) DM for the fossil fuels.     

Exergy analysis of the Chartherm process for energy valorization and material recuperation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste

The Chartherm process (Thermya, Bordeaux, France) is a thermochemical conversion process to treat chromated copper arsenate (CCA) impregnated wood waste. The process aims at maximum energy valorization and material recuperation by combining the principles of low-temperature slow pyrolysis and distillation in a smart way. The main objective of the exergy analysis presented in this paper is to find the critical points in the Chartherm process where it is necessary to apply some measures in order to reduce exergy consumption and to make energy use more economic and efficient. It is found that the process efficiency can be increased with 2.3-4.2% by using the heat lost by the reactor, implementing a combined heat and power (CHP) system, or recuperating the waste heat from the exhaust gases to preheat the product gas. Furthermore, a comparison between the exergetic performances of a ‘chartherisation’ reactor and an idealized gasification reactor shows that both reactors destroy about the same amount of exergy (i.e. 3500 kW kg_wood⁻¹) during thermochemical conversion of CCA-treated wood. However, the Chartherm process possesses additional capabilities with respect to arsenic and tar treatment, as well as the extra benefit of recuperating materials.     

Efficiency of energy recovery from waste incineration,in the light of the new Waste Framework Directive

This paper deals with a key issue related to municipal waste incineration, which is the efficiency of energy recovery. A strong driver for improving the energy performances of waste-to-energy plants is the recent Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives), which allows high efficiency installations to benefit from a status of “recovery” rather than “disposal”. The change in designation means a step up in the waste hierarchy, where the lowest level of priority is now restricted to landfilling and low efficiency wastes incineration. The so-called “R1 formula” reported in the Directive, which counts for both production of power and heat, is critically analyzed and correlated to the more scientific-based approach of exergy efficiency. The results obtained for waste-to-energy plants currently operating in Europe reveal some significant differences in their performance, mainly related to the average size and to the availability of a heat market (district heating).