The potential of world cropland soils to sequester C and mitigate the greenhouse effect

Soil emission of CO₂ is closely linked to soil degradation, decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) content and decline in soil quality. Enhancing soil quality through adoption of best management practices (BMPs) and soil restoration can increase SOC content and soil productivity, and partially mitigate the greenhouse effect. The C sequestration potential through judicious management of world cropland includes 0.08–0.12 Pg/yr by erosion control, 0.02–0.03 Pg/yr by restoration of severely degraded soils, 0.02–0.04 Pg/yr by reclamation of salt-affected soils, 0.15–0.175 Pg/yr by adoption of conservation tillage and crop residue management, 0.18–0.24 Pg/yr by adoption of improved cropping system and 0.30–0.40 Pg/yr as C offset through biofuel production. The total C sequestration potential of the world cropland is about 0.75–1.0 Pg/yr or about 50% of annual emission of 1.6–1.8 Pg by deforestation and other agricultural activities. This finite soil-C sink could be filled over a 20 to 50-year period, during which energy related emission reductions gradually take effect at global scale. Improving soil quality is a win–win strategy, while increasing productivity it also improves environment and partially mitigates the greenhouse effect. Intensification of farming and increasing biomass production can lead to increased sequestration of C in soils, and to partly meet commitments under the Kyoto Protocol at national and global scales. Global reduction in C emission may have to be substantial if the atmospheric concentration of CO₂ is to be stabilized at 550 ppmv. However, realization of this potential would require developing channels of communication between scientists and land managers and policy makers, and providing economic incentives.     

Organic carbon stock in topsoil of Jiangsu Province, China, and the recent trend of carbon sequestration

Data collection of soil organic carbon(SOC) of 154 soil series of Jiangsu, China from the second provincial soil survey and of recent changes in SOC from a number of field pilot experiments across the province were collected. Statistical analysis of SOC contents and soil properties related to organic carbon storage were performed. The provincial total topsoil SOC stock was estimated to be O. 1 Pg with an extended pool of 0.4 Pg taking soil depth of 1 m, being relatively small compared to its total land area of lOl?00 km^2. One quarter of this topsoil stock was found in the soils of the Taihu Lake region that occupied 1/6 of the provincial arable area. Paddy soils accounted for over 50% of this stock in terms of SOC distribution among the soil types in the province. Experimental data from experimental farms widely distributed in the province showed that SOC storage increased consistently over the last 20 years despite a previously reported decreasing tendency during the period between 1950--1970. The evidence indicated that agricultural management practices such as irrigation, straw return and rotation of upland crops with rice or wheat crops contributed significantly to the increase in SOC storage. The annual carbon sequestration rate in the soils was in the range of 0.3-3.5 tC/(hm^2. a), depending on cropping systems and other agricultural practices. Thus, the agricultural production in the province, despite the high input, could serve as one of the practical methods to mitigate the increasing air CO2.     

Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and the temperature dependence

Carbon mineralization and its response to climatic warming have been receiving global attention for the last decade. Although the virtual influence of temperature effect is still in great debate, little is known on the mineralization of organic carbon （SOC） of paddy soils of China under warming. SOC mineralization of three major types of China＇s paddy soils is studied through laboratory incubation for 114 d under soil moisture regime of 70% water holding capacity at 20℃ and 25℃ respectively. The carbon that mineralized as CO2 evolved was measured every day in the first 32 d and every two days in the following days. Carbon mineralized during the 114 d incubation ranged from 3.51 to 9.22 mg CO2-C/gC at 20℃ and from 4.24 to 11.35 mg CO2-C/gC at 25℃ respectively; and a mineralizable C pool in the range of 0.24 to 0.59 gC/kg, varying with different soils. The whole course of C mineralization in the 114 d incubation could be divided into three stages of varying rates, representing the three subpools of the total mineralizable C： very actively mineralized C at 1-23 d, actively tnineralized C at 24--74 d and a slowly mineralized pool with low and more or less stabilized C mineralization rate at 75-114 d. The calculated Q10 values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, varying with the soil types and N status. Neither the total SOC pool nor the labile C pool could account for the total mineralization potential of the soils studied, despite a well correlation of labile C with the shortly and actively mineralized C, which were shown in sensitive response to soil warming. However, the portion of microbial C pool and the soil C/N ratio controlled the C mineralization and the temperature dependence. Therefore, C sequestration may not result in an increase of C mineralization proportionally. The relative control of C bioavailability and microbial metabolic activity on C mineralization with respect to stabilization of sequestered C in the paddy soils of China is to be further studied.     

Organic carbon stratification and size distribution of three typical paddy soils from Taihu Lake region, China

Developing realistic soil carbon (C) sequestration strategies for China’s sustainable agriculture relies on accurate estimates of the amount, retention and turnover rates of C stored in paddy soils. Available C estimates to date are predominantly for the tilled and flood-irrigated surface topsoil (ca. 30 cm). Such estimates cannot be used to extrapolate to soil depths of 100 cm since soil organic carbon (SOC) generally shows a sharp decrease with depth. In this research, composite soil samples were collected at several depths to 100 cm from three representative paddy soils in the Taihu Lake region, China. Soil organic carbon distribution in the profiles and in aggregate-size fractions was determined. Results showed that while SOC decreased exponentially with depth to 100 cm, a substantial proportion of the total SOC (30%–40%) is stored below the 30 cm depth. In the carbon-enriched paddy topsoils, SOC was found to accumulate preferentially in the 2–0.25 and 0.25–0.02 mm aggregate size fractions. σ13C analysis of the coarse micro-aggregate fraction showed that the high degree of C stratification in the paddy topsoil was in agreement with the occurrence of lighter @1313C in the upper 30 cm depth. These results suggest that SOC stratification within profiles varies with di erent pedogenetical types of paddy soils with regards to clay and iron oxyhydrates distributions. Sand-sized fractions of aggregates in paddy soil systems may play a very important role in carbon sequestration and turnover, dissimilar to other studied agricultural systems.     

Soil Carbon in the Forests of Russia

The 50% variation in the estimates of carbon (C) content in the forest soils of Russia at present is caused by confusion of terms and ignorance of the soil geographical representativeness in forests. The GIS-based analysis closes the gap to the estimate published earlier by Alexeyev and Birdsey (1994, p. 170). The average soil carbon density (SCD) for the 0.3 meter (m) layer of the forest soils in Russia is about 8.1 kg C m⁻²; the 1 m layer captures some 11.4 kg C m⁻²; and the 2 m layer holds nearly 12.3 kg C m^{− 2}. The mass of C is about 61.6 Pg C concentrated in the 0.3 m layer of forest soils; the 1 m layer accumulates 87.6 Pg C and the 2 m layer holds about 94.1 Pg C. The C content in soils of the forest zone is much higher for Russia. The SCD is 18.8 kg C m^{− 2} and the soil C pool (SCP) is 223.6 Pg C in 1 m layer. Peat soils contribute a considerable portion of C to the forest zone of the country. The cold climate, permafrost and vegetation residues that are rich in recalcitrant compounds support a high accumulation rate of organic matter and associated nutrients in soils. This conservation is a mechanism to keep the production potential of the boreal ecosystems high in spite of their relatively low actual productivity in present environments.     

黑河中游边缘绿洲农田退耕还草的土壤碳、氮固存效应

研究黑河中游边缘绿洲农田退耕种植苜蓿5a后土壤碳、氮库的变化,通过对2个土类(开垦耕种的风沙土和灰棕漠土)退耕苜蓿地和相邻农田0～5、5～10和10～20cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)、颗粒有机碳和氮(POC、PON)储量的分析表明:开垦耕种的风沙土和灰棕漠土有极低的SOC和TN含量,退耕种植苜蓿后0～20cm SOC储量提高了22.1%～27.8%,SOC的固存率平均为0.47 Mg/(hm²·a),0～5cm表层SOC储量变化最大,提高32%～66%;TN储量0～20cm储量变化不显著,在0～5cm表层TN储量风沙土和灰棕漠土分别提高12.8%和48.1%.退耕后POC和PON较SOC和TN有更显著的变化,其分配比例增加,0～20cm土层POC和PON储量分别提高22.8%～42.7%和18.6%～57.6%,在0～5cm变化最大;在瘠薄耕地转变为多年生苜蓿地后土壤C库的增加主要是由于POC的形成量增加.SOC含量相对更低的灰棕漠土比风沙土退耕后土壤C、N的增加更为明显.     

红壤丘陵区土壤有机碳组分对土地利用方式的响应特征

土地利用方式影响土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分,进而决定了碳库的稳定性.以林地为参照,分析我国红壤丘陵区农田(水田和旱地)SOC及其活性组分[可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)]和惰性组分[矿物结合态有机碳(MAOC)]含量,探讨土壤有机碳组分对土地利用方式的响应特征.结果表明,与旱地和林地相比,水田SOC、 MBC、 POC和MAOC含量均为最高.DOC含量以林地显著高于旱地和水田(P0.001).SOC各组分占SOC的比例,即DOC/SOC、 MBC/SOC、 POC/SOC和MAOC/SOC范围分别为0.22%～0.93%、 1.62%～2.70%、 31.08%～40.00%和43.22%～56.82%.活性组分(MBC和POC)含量与占比趋势一致,均以水田林地旱地.MAOC含量以水田最高、旱地最低,MAOC/SOC则以旱地最高、水田最低.相关分析表明,水田、旱地和林地中MBC、 POC和MAOC分别与SOC呈极显著正相关(P0.001),而DOC与SOC及其它组分均无显著相关性(P0.05);旱地、林地中POC与MBC呈极显著正相关(P0.001);水田、旱地MAOC与MBC呈极显著正相关(P0.001);3种土地利用方式下POC与MAOC呈极显著正相关(P0.001),POC/MAOC以水田最大,旱地最低.因而,与旱地和林地相比,水田SOC的活性组分比例高、惰性组分比例低,且其活性组分POC与微生物生物量关系不紧密,而惰性组分与微生物生物量显著相关.综上,农业利用显著改变红壤丘陵区土壤有机碳及其组成,水田虽有利于SOC固持,但其不稳定性组分占比较高,可能容易因不当耕作管理而丢失.     

滇黔桂地区土壤有机碳储量与影响因素研究

土壤有机碳(SOC)库在陆地生态系统中具有重要作用.由于土壤剖面数量和采用的土壤图比例尺等的限制,目前土壤有机碳库估箅尚存在很大不确定性.为了提高SOC库估算的精确性,利用798个土壤剖面及1:50万土壤图估算了滇黔桂地区(云南省、贵州省和广西壮族自治区)的SOC储量,并采用逐步回归分析和通径分析方法分析了影响SOC密度的主要因子.结果表明,滇黔桂地区表土层(0-20 cm)和土壤剖面(0-100 cm)的SOC储量分别为4.39 Pg和10.91 Pg;SOC密度分别为56.2Mg·hm-2和139.8 Mg·hm-2.高于全国平均水平.环境因子(海拔、经度、纬度、气温和降雨)、成土母质和土地利用方式对表土层和土壤剖面SOC密度变异性的解释度分别为37.9%和30.7%;环境因子为影响SOC密度的主要因子.环境因子中.气温对SOC密度的影响大干降雨,其中气温和降雨的变化分别主要由海拔和纬度的变化引起的.除气温和降雨外,还有其它随海拔或经纬度而变化的因子也对SOC密度产生显著影响,这种影响要大于降雨的影响.     

不同耕作措施对渭北旱塬土壤碳库管理指数及其构成的影响

以渭北旱塬9 a（2007—2016年）的不同耕作定位试验为对象,研究了在秸秆还田条件下3种连年单一耕作即翻耕（CC）、免耕（NN）、深松（SS）和3种轮耕措施即免耕-深松（NS）、深松-翻耕（SC）、翻耕-免耕（CN）对农田土壤固碳速率（CSE）、碳库管理指数（CPMI）、小麦产量和秸秆还田后表观腐殖化系数的影响。结果表明：以翻耕（CC）作为参照土样,免耕提高了0~10 cm表层土壤的固碳速率、有机碳（SOC）及其易氧化组分（EOC）的含量,并增加了表层（0~10 cm）土壤的碳库管理指数（CPMI）,在>10 cm土层SOC、EOC含量虽有所减少,但提高了有机碳的稳定系数（K_OS）;深松则提高了表层和35~50 cm土层的SOC、EOC含量、CSE及CPMI,并增加了0~10 cm、35~50 cm土层的EOC/SOC值和10~20 cm土层的K_OS;轮耕处理各土层的CSE、SOC和EOC含量均有所增加,且增加了0~10 cm、35~50 cm土层的EOC/SOC值,其中NS和CN轮耕处理各层CPMI都有所增加。深松、免耕和轮耕处理提高了小麦产量和小麦秸秆量,其中NS处理增加幅度最大,分别为14.3%（籽粒）和12.9%（秸秆）;进行9 a小麦秸秆还田,免耕、深松和轮耕措施提高了还田秸秆的表观腐殖化系数,其中NS处理的表观腐殖化系数显著高于翻耕处理。     

Management Options to Conserve and Sequester Carbon in the Agricultural Sector of the Former Soviet Union

Several management practices are available to conserve and sequester C in the agricultural sector of the former Soviet Union (FSU). The highest rate of C accumulation would result from the implementation of a no-till management option which will only continue during the first ten years until new C equilibrium is reached. Agroforestry management options provide a longer period for C accumulation, but at a lower rate. It is possible that the longest period of C conservation may be achieved by increasing the area under perennial grasses in the crop rotation. During the first decade of implementation of the management practices, the amount of C conserved or sequestered would be approximately equal to the current rate of net C sequestration in FSU forest sector. At present, agricultural soils and vegetation of the FSU store approximately 120 Pg C; the accumulation of soil organic matter is 0.032 Pg C yr^-1. The annual C loss in the FSU agricultural sector was estimated at 0.21 Pg C yr^-1.     

Farm soil carbon monitoring developments and land use change: unearthing relationships between paddock carbon stocks, monitoring technology and new market options in Western Australia

This research provides a synthesis of soil organic carbon (SOC) densities in a range of Australian soils and land use types to decrease uncertainties in agricultural soil carbon (C) sequestration investments. This work provides information on existing Australian C soil stocks, the relationships between SOC with various agricultural and forestry land use changes, and options available for agriculturalists to cultivate and safeguard their C stocks. This work also includes recent developments in C rights, soil C monitoring, and verification technologies and procedures now in use for C stock inventories. This review has a special focus on known changes in SOC stocks, technological and methodological developments in the agricultural region of southern Western Australia (WA).     

松嫩平原玉米带农田表层土壤有机碳储量和固碳潜力研究

农田土壤有机碳储量和固碳潜力是陆地碳循环和全球气候变化研究中的一个重要问题。论文基于第二次土壤普查数据和实地取样数据,利用土壤类型法估算松嫩平原玉米带农田表层土壤有机碳储量,分析4个县市(德惠市、九台市、农安县、公主岭市)农田表层土壤碳库的饱和水平和固碳潜力,比较旱田与水田土壤固碳潜力的差异。结果表明,1980-2005年间,松嫩平原玉米带农田土壤有机碳储量增加了7.20 TgC。各县市农田土壤碳库的饱和水平以德惠市最大,为4.11 kgC·m^-2,九台市次之,公主岭市最低,为3.14 kgC·m^-2。假设在1980年土地利用方式、耕作措施、施肥水平和气候条件不变的情况下,估算得到松嫩平原玉米带农田土壤的固碳潜力为8.17 TgC。从单位面积固碳潜力看,九台市最高,为0.77 kgC·m^-2,农安县次之,德惠市和公主岭市均低于松嫩平原玉米带。松嫩平原玉米带旱田和水田土壤碳库的饱和水平基本持平。     

农田土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力及其功能基因数量、关键酶活性分析

研究农田土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力,对全面认识农田生态系统碳吸收和碳储存有着重要意义.选取6种典型农田土壤,通过14C连续标记示踪技术结合密闭系统模拟培养,量化了土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力及其向土壤活性碳库组分转化,同时结合分子生物学技术及酶学分析方法,探讨了不同土壤自养微生物细菌固碳功能基因(cbbL)丰度及关键酶(RubisCO)活性.结果表明,土壤自养微生物具有可观的CO2同化潜力,在本实验条件下,全球每年表层(0~20 cm)土壤通过自养微生物的同化作用可固定的碳为0.57~7.3 Pg.供试土壤的14C土壤有机碳(14C-SOC)含量范围为10.63~133.81 mg·kg-1,而14C可溶性有机碳(14C-DOC)、14C微生物生物量碳(14C-MBC)含量范围分别为0.96~8.10 mg·kg-1、1.70~49.16 mg·kg-1.土壤可溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和SOC的更新率分别为5.07%~14.3%、2.51%~13.12%和0.09%~0.64%.土壤细菌cbbL丰度范围为2.40×107~1.9×108copies·g-1,且RubisCO酶活性(CO2/soil)范围为34.06~71.86 nmol·(g·min)-1.相关分析表明,土壤14C-SOC与14C-MBC及RubisCO酶活性均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).说明土壤对大气CO2的同化作用主要是由自养微生物参与的同化过程,且较高的RubisCO酶活性意味着较高的自养微生物CO2同化潜力.     

贵州省主要森林类型土壤有机碳密度特征及其影响因素

森林土壤有机碳是全球土壤有机碳库的重要组成部分,研究森林土壤有机碳对于减缓大气中CO2浓度持续升高具有重要的意义。本研究采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,以贵州桦木、栎类、柏木、云南松、杉木、马尾松、华山松等7种主要森林类型为主要对象,分析贵州主要森林类型土壤有机碳密度特征,探讨不同植被类型和环境因子对其的影响。结果表明:(1)贵州森林土壤有机碳密度约为180.62Mg/hm2,高于同纬度地区江西省森林土壤平均有机碳密度102.1Mg/hm2,表现出贵州森林土壤具有较高的固碳能力;(2)不同森林类型土壤有机碳密度变化范围为:114.52~388.29Mg/hm2,且差异显著(P0.05)。各种森林类型土壤有机碳密度大小为:华山松林杉木林柏木林栎类林马尾松林桦木林云南松林;(3)不同植被类型下各层土壤有机碳密度大小均以表层土壤为最大,且随土壤深度增加而降低;(4)在立地条件上,贵州森林土壤有机碳密度与海拔显著相关,与坡度、经度、纬度相关关系均不显著。     

长期施肥对棕壤有机碳储量及固碳速率的影响

利用棕壤肥料长期定位试验,研究了不同施肥条件下棕壤有机碳在0~60 cm土层的含量和储量特征以及土壤固碳速率.试验共设6个处理,即氮磷肥有机肥配施(M_2NP)、氮肥有机肥配施(M_2N)、单施有机肥(M_2)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷肥配施(NP)和不施肥处理(CK).结果表明:经过31年长期不同施肥,各处理土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和储量的剖面分布均呈现随土层深度增加而显著降低的规律.本试验条件下M_2NP、M_2N、M_2、NP、N、CK处理的耕层有机碳富集系数分别为0.465、0.455、0.407、0.48_2、0.393、0.471,表明耕层土壤对有机碳的保持强度最强.在0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳储量表现为M_2NP、M_2NM_2、NPNCK,有机肥和化肥配施能够显著提高土壤有机碳含量和储量.与试验前相比,CK处理各土层土壤有机碳含量和储量均显著降低.各处理碳库管理指数(CPMI)表现为M_2NPM_2NM_2NNPCK.分析不同施肥处理土壤固碳速率可知,与试验前相比,CK处理表现为碳的净释放,固碳速率达-401.4 kg·hm~(-_2)·a~(-1);固碳速率最高的为M_2NP,M_2N,分别达到489kg·hm~(-_2)·a~(-1)、440._2 kg·hm~(-_2)·a~(-1).综合结果表明,化肥、有机肥配施所产生交互效应更有利于棕壤有机碳储量的增加及固碳速率的提高.     

湖南省稻田表层土壤固碳潜力模拟研究

稻田土壤有机碳的储存对于缓解大气温室效应具有不可忽视的作用。我国作为水稻产量最大的国家,迫切需要掌握稻田生态系统固碳现状及相应固碳措施。文章利用自主建立的土壤有机碳模型对湖南省稻田生态系统不同有机物投入方式下土壤有机碳的变化进行了模拟研究。结果表明,常规施肥(现状)方式下稻田表层土壤有机碳的饱和固碳量为39.75～64.90th/m₂,半数模拟点已基本饱和,其余点仍具有3.38～4.19th/m₂的固碳潜力;50%秸秆还田效果低于常规施肥方式,而50%秸秆+绿肥效果高于常规方式(平均高10.94th/m₂);全量秸秆还田(冬闲)情况下稻田表层土壤饱和固碳量在55.57～94.25th/m₂之间,与稻田现有碳储量比较有4.15～33.46th/m₂的潜在提高幅度。如果全量秸秆还田结合冬季种植绿肥,土壤饱和固碳量则可以在稻田土壤现有碳储量的基础上平均提高65.77%。模拟结果还表明,湖南稻田土壤中,每年投入1th/m₂的新鲜有机碳可最终形成土壤有机碳饱和固碳量约12th/m₂。研究表明,稻田土壤的饱和固碳量可以通过人为措施进行调控,增加有机物质的投入量(秸秆还田)和冬季绿肥种植是提高稻田土壤固碳能力的有效途径。     

喀斯特地区坡地土壤可溶性有机碳的分布特征

以广西喀斯特地区2个不同退化程度的典型坡地作为研究对象,测定了坡地表层和不同地形部位(坡肩、坡背、坡腰和坡脚)剖面土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量和δ13CDOC值,分析了土壤中DOC的迁移变化规律及影响因素.结果表明,DOC含量主要受到有机质输入?地形和土壤质量等因素影响.灌丛坡地表层土壤中DOC含量要高于草丛坡地,2个坡地表层土壤中DOC含量均随坡面向下而升高,与土壤有机碳(SOC)变化呈相反趋势.而在坡地各个地形剖面中,除灌丛坡地的坡肩和坡背2个剖面土壤中DOC含量随土层深度表现出一定的升高趋势,其他剖面中DOC含量均随土层深度增加而降低.灌丛坡地表层土壤中δ13CDOC值变化幅度明显高于草丛坡地,范围在-15.1‰~-22.1‰,与坡地植被和δ13CSOC值变化密切相关;而草丛坡地表层土壤δ13CDOC值范围在-19.98‰~-20.96‰,其变化幅度很小,与土壤δ13CSOC值变化相似,但与地表植被变化关系不明显,表明了DOC来源主要受到SOC的影响;而各个地形剖面中δ13CDOC值变化较为复杂,但灌丛坡地各剖面变化幅度明显高于草丛坡地相应剖面.剖面中有机质分解程度和输入量决定了δ13CDOC值变幅大小,因此土壤剖面中δ13CDOC值随深度变化的趋势,能够很好地反映剖面土壤中DOC迁移转化过程.     

植被恢复对侵蚀型红壤碳吸存及活性有机碳的影响

依托江西水土保持生态科技园,研究了侵蚀型红壤退化裸地恢复为百喜草地、柑橘果园和湿地松林后,0~100 cm深度范围内不同土层(0~10、>10~20、>20~40、>40~70和>70~100 cm)中w(TOC)(TOC为总有机碳)以及表层(0~40 cm)土壤中活性有机碳组分含量的变化. 结果表明:①退化裸地土壤中w(TOC)和有机碳库储量分别仅为4.73 g/kg和48.41 t/hm2,均处于较低水平,w(TOC)的垂直分布特征也不明显;恢复为百喜草地和柑橘园后,w(TOC)分别增至7.08和7.69 g/kg,有机碳库储量分别增至55.09和70.78 t/hm2,并且植被恢复对表层土壤中w(TOC)影响显著,而对深层(>40 cm)土壤影响有限. ②以退化裸地为对照,百喜草地和柑橘果园土壤碳吸存量分别为6.68和22.36 t/hm2,平均碳吸存速率分别为0.51和1.72 t/(hm2·a);以保存较好的湿地松林为参照,退化裸地、百喜草地和柑橘果园土壤碳吸存潜力分别为23.71、17.03和1.34 t/hm2,说明严重侵蚀地的碳吸存潜力巨大. ③侵蚀型红壤退化裸地的植被恢复可积极促进表层土壤中DOC(水溶性有机碳)、MBC(微生物生物量碳)和POC(颗粒有机碳)的积累,同时该影响存在表聚效应,即植被恢复后土壤表层中活性有机碳组分含量在w(TOC)中所占比例增大.      

1954-2010年西南高山地区土壤碳储量时空动态及对气候变化的响应

西南高山地区生态系统类型丰富、地形复杂, 是响应全球气候变化的重点区域,对全球气候变化具有重要的指示作用。研究应用生态系统模型CEVSA(Carbon Exchange betweenVegetation, Soil, and the Atmosphere)估算了1954-2010 年西南高山地区土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon, SOC)的时空变化,分析了其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:①西南高山地区1954-2010 年平均土壤有机碳密度为14.16 kg C·m^-2,在空间分布上,SOC密度自东南向西北递增,与温度显著负相关(r=-0.447,P<0.01),而与降水量相关性不显著;②西南高山地区1954-2010 年SOC 总量变动范围为6.95~7.64 Pg C,增加趋势显著(P<0.05),平均每年增加0.013 Pg C,土壤有机碳密度平均增加26.94 g C·m^-2;③常绿针叶林、常绿阔叶林和草地SOC密度增加趋势均显著,除常绿阔叶林SOC密度与温度相关性不显著外,其他两种植被类型SOC都与年平均温度显著正相关(草地:r=0.527, P<0.01; 常绿针叶林:r=0.501, P<0.01),且3 种植被类型SOC与年降水量均相关性不显著;④由于作为土壤有机碳输入的凋落物产生量对温度不如异养呼吸敏感,所以未来升温条件下,土壤有机碳储量的增速减缓或者呈下降趋势。     

黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤有机碳的分布特征及其同位素组成研究

土壤有机碳（SOC）含量及其8^13C值随深度变化的趋势可以反映植物残体的输入及其在土壤中分解累积特征,有助于揭示SOC循环过程及规律。本研究以黄土高原不同植被类型覆盖条件下的黄土剖面为研究对象,通过测定土壤属性、SOC含量和植物优势种、枯枝落叶、土壤有机质的稳定同位素组成,对该区域SOC深度分布和有机质8”C值组成差...