Effects of land use, climate, topography and soil properties on regional soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the Upstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, North China

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents as well as their relationships with site characteristics are of profound importance in assessing current regional, continental and global soil C and N stocks and potentials for C sequestration and N conservation to offset anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. This study investigated contents and distribution of SOC and TN under different land uses, and the quantitative relationships between SOC or TN and site characteristics in the Upstream Watershed of Miyun Reservoir, North China. Overall, both SOC and TN contents in natural secondary forests and grasslands were much higher than in plantations and croplands. Land use alone explained 37.2% and 38.4% of variations in SOC and TN contents, respectively. The optimal models for SOC and TN, achieved by multiple regression analysis combined with principal component analysis (PCA) to remove the multicollinearity among site variables, showed that elevation, slope, soil clay and water contents were the most significant factors controlling SOC and TN contents, jointly explaining 70.3% of SOC and 67.1% of TN contents variability. Only does additional 1.9% and 3% increase in the interpretations of SOC and TN contents variability respectively when land use was added to regressions, probably due to environment factors determine land use. Therefore, environmental variables were more important for SOC and TN variability than land use in the study area, and should be taken into consideration in properly evaluating effects of future land use changes on SOC and TN on a regional scale.     

An assessment of carbon stock for various land use system in Aravally mountains, Western India

Reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and degradation in developing countries is of the central importance in efforts to combat climate change. A study was conducted to measure carbon stocks in various land-use systems including forms and reliably estimates the impact of land use on carbon (C) stocks in the forest of Rajasthan, western India (23°3′–30°12′N longitude and 69°30′–78°17′E). 22.8% of India is forested and 0.04% is the deforestation rate of India. In Indian forest sector of western India of Aravally mountain range covered large area of deciduous forest and it’s very helpful in carbon sequestration at global level. The carbon stocks of forest, plantation (reforestation) and agricultural land in aboveground, soil organic and fine root within forest were estimated through field data collection. Results revealed that the amount of total carbon stock of forests (533.64?±?37.54 Mg·ha^?1, simplified expression of Mg (carbon) ·ha^?1) was significantly greater (P?<?0.05) than the plantation (324.37?±?15.0 Mg·ha^?1) and the agricultural land (120.50?±?2.17 Mg·ha^?1). Soil organic carbon in the forests (172.84?±?3.78 Mg·ha^?1) was also significantly greater (P?<?0.05) than the plantation (153.20?±?7.48 Mg·ha^?1) and the agricultural land (108.71?±?1.68 Mg·ha^?1). The differences in carbon stocks across land-use types are the primary consequence of variations in the vegetation biomass and the soil organic matter. Fine root carbon was a small fraction of carbon stocks in all land-use types. Most of the soil organic carbon and fine root carbon content was found in the upper 30-cm layer and decreased with soil depth. The aboveground carbon (ABGC): soil organic carbon (SOC): fine root carbon ratios (FRC), was 8:4:1, 4:5:1, and 3:37:1 for the forest, plantation and agricultural land, respectively. These results indicate that a relatively large proportion of the C loss is due to forest conversion to agricultural land.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区坡地土壤有机碳变化及碳循环初步研究

在利用长期定位试验的实测土壤有机碳(SOC)数据,验证DNDC(脱氮-分解作用)模型在黄土丘陵沟壑区应用的可行性基础上,应用DNDC模型来研究黄土丘陵沟壑区坡耕地农田土壤碳库储量动态变化及碳循环特征。结果表明:施肥可提高作物残体与根系分泌物的外源C携入量,也能提高土壤异氧呼吸对内源C的消耗,且施用有机肥后提高效果显著。总体上,单施有机肥、有机肥配施氮肥均能显著提高0~30 cm土层SOC含量,40年后各处理SOC分别比初始值提高了90.29%、86.46%。不施肥和单施氮肥,SOC含量总体都呈现下降趋势,40年后各处理SOC分别比初始值降低了3.52%、0.38%。依据DNDC模型模拟结果,在黄土丘陵沟壑区坡地上,为保持和提高土壤肥力,增加碳库储量,以施用有机肥为主,配合施用一定量的氮肥将是非常有效的措施。     

Modelled soil organic carbon stocks and changes in the Indo-Gangetic Plains,India from 1980 to 2030

The Global Environment Facility co-financed Soil Organic Carbon (GEFSOC) Project developed a comprehensive modelling system for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and changes over time. This research is an effort to predict SOC stocks and changes for the Indian, Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP), an area with a predominantly rice (Oryza sativa)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system, using the GEFSOC Modelling System and to compare output with stocks generated using mapping approaches based on soil survey data. The GEFSOC Modelling System predicts an estimated SOC stock for the IGP, India of 1.27, 1.32 and 1.27 Pg for 1990, 2000 and 2030, respectively, in the top 20 cm of soil. The SOC stock using a mapping approach based on soil survey data was 0.66 and 0.88 Pg for 1980 and 2000, respectively. The SOC stock estimated using the GEFSOC Modelling System is higher than the stock estimated using the mapping approach. This is due to the fact that while the GEFSOC System accounts for variation in crop input data (crop management), the soil mapping approach only considers regional variation in soil texture and wetness. The trend of overall change in the modelled SOC stock estimates shows that the IGP, India may have reached an equilibrium following 30–40 years of the Green Revolution. This can be seen in the SOC stock change rates. Various different estimation methods show SOC stocks of 0.57–1.44 Pg C for the study area. The trend of overall change in C stock assessed from the soil survey data indicates that the soils of the IGP, India may store a projected 1.1 Pg of C in 2030.     

Organic carbon stock in topsoil of Jiangsu Province, China, and the recent trend of carbon sequestration

Data collection of soil organic carbon(SOC) of 154 soil series of Jiangsu, China from the second provincial soil survey and of recent changes in SOC from a number of field pilot experiments across the province were collected. Statistical analysis of SOC contents and soil properties related to organic carbon storage were performed. The provincial total topsoil SOC stock was estimated to be O. 1 Pg with an extended pool of 0.4 Pg taking soil depth of 1 m, being relatively small compared to its total land area of lOl?00 km^2. One quarter of this topsoil stock was found in the soils of the Taihu Lake region that occupied 1/6 of the provincial arable area. Paddy soils accounted for over 50% of this stock in terms of SOC distribution among the soil types in the province. Experimental data from experimental farms widely distributed in the province showed that SOC storage increased consistently over the last 20 years despite a previously reported decreasing tendency during the period between 1950--1970. The evidence indicated that agricultural management practices such as irrigation, straw return and rotation of upland crops with rice or wheat crops contributed significantly to the increase in SOC storage. The annual carbon sequestration rate in the soils was in the range of 0.3-3.5 tC/(hm^2. a), depending on cropping systems and other agricultural practices. Thus, the agricultural production in the province, despite the high input, could serve as one of the practical methods to mitigate the increasing air CO2.     

Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and by 11% with 60 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.     

江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤碳、氮和碳氮比的影响

基于江西省16582个农田耕层(0~20 cm)土壤样点数据,运用实地调查、数理统计与地统计学等分析方法,探讨了不同农田利用方式(水旱轮作、一季旱地、两季旱地、一季水田和两季水田)对土壤有机碳(SOC)、氮含量(TN)和碳氮比(C∶N)的影响.结果表明,江西省耕层土壤SOC、TN含量和C∶N比分别为5.22~34.56 g·kg~(-1)、0.26~3.06 g·kg~(-1)和2.98~52.67,均处于中等偏上水平.经半方差函数分析,江西省土壤SOC、TN和C∶N比的空间变异主要是由随机性因素引起的;方差分析显示,不同土地利用方式下耕地土壤中SOC、TN和C∶N比存在显著差异,土壤SOC和TN含量表现为两季水田水旱轮作一季水田一季旱地两季旱地,而土壤C∶N比则表现为两季水田两季旱地一季水田水旱轮作一季旱地,土壤C∶N比对估测区域土壤有机碳储量具有良好的指示作用,因此,从土壤C∶N比角度考虑,水田更有利于SOC的贮存,有利于增加土壤汇集碳氮的能力.Pearson相关性分析表明,5种利用方式下经度、纬度和海拔与土壤SOC、TN含量和C∶N比具有显著的相关关系.     

黄土丘陵区土地利用变化对深层土壤有机碳储量的影响

通过研究黄土丘陵子午岭林区5种典型土地利用类型土壤剖面有机碳分布特征,分析了天然乔木林转变为人工乔木林、天然乔木林转变为农田、天然灌木林转变为农田及撂荒后土壤有机碳变化特征.同时,以浅层(0~100 cm)土壤为对照,探讨了土地利用变化对深层(100~200cm)土壤有机碳储量的影响.结果表明,在0~200 cm剖面上,天然乔木林、天然灌木林、人工乔木林、撂荒地、农田土壤有机碳含量分别为5.85、3.96、4.98、3.09、3.20 g·kg-1,天然乔木林、人工乔木林土壤有机碳含量显著高于天然灌木林、撂荒地和农田(p0.05).各土地利用类型下浅层和深层土壤有机碳含量分别占0~200 cm土壤有机碳含量的58%~73%和27%~42%,不同土地利用类型间浅层土壤有机碳含量差异显著,但深层土壤有机碳含量差异不大.土地利用变化对土壤有机碳储量影响显著.天然乔木林转变为人工乔木林、天然乔木林转变为农田、天然灌木林转变为撂荒地、天然灌木林转变为农田4种土地利用转变方式0~200 cm土壤有机碳储量分别减少了9.68、52.90、20.20、12.49 t·hm-2,减幅为7%、39%、21%、13%,其中,浅层土壤减少了2%~48%,深层土壤减少了12%~22%.相对于林地开垦为农田而言,农田退耕还林后土壤有机碳的恢复要慢得多.研究结果揭示了浅层和深层土壤有机碳对土地利用变化的敏感性,反映了深层土壤有机碳具有较大的稳定性.     

土地集约利用程度对华北潮土农田土壤微生物群落丰度和死生物物质积累的影响

土壤微生物决定着土壤生态系统的养分周转状况,其死生物物质在土壤有机碳(SOC)积累中发挥关键作用.然而,目前缺乏对土壤微生物群落丰度及其死生物物质如何响应农业土地集约利用程度调整的了解.为弥补这一知识缺口,基于土地集约化利用程度,设置小麦-玉米周年轮作(CC)、临时草地与小麦种植交替(TG)和多年生草地(PG)这3个处理开展长期定位试验,采用基于数字PCR和微生物标志物氨基糖的检测技术,以探究农业土地集约利用程度调整对土壤细菌和真菌数量,以及细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累及其对土壤SOC封存贡献的影响,进一步明确驱动细菌、真菌和总微生物死生物物质C积累的关键因子.结果表明,与土壤细菌群落丰度相比,真菌群落丰度受到农业土地集约利用程度调整的强烈影响,随土地集约利用程度的降低而增加.在3种土地集约利用程度处理下,土壤总微生物死生物物质C均主导SOC积累,对SOC的贡献率分别达到52.78%、 58.36%和68.87%,呈现随土地集约利用程度降低而升高的趋势;真菌死生物物质C占总微生物死生物物质C的比例均大于80%,说明其对总微生物死生物物质C的绝对主导地位,且受土地集约利用程度降低...     

土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响研究进展

研究土地利用变化对土壤有机碳及其动态变化规律,有助于掌握全球气候变化与土地利用变化之间的关系。本文分别从土地利用及其管理方式变化的角度,综合阐述了土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响过程与机理。     

Are soils of Iowa USA currently a carbon sink or source? Simulated changes in SOC stock from 1972 to 2007

Upscaling the spatial and temporal changes in carbon (C) stocks and fluxes from sites to regions is a critical and challenging step toward improving our understanding of the dynamics of C sources and sinks over large areas. This study simulated soil organic C (SOC) dynamics within 0–100 cm depth of soils across the state of Iowa in the USA from 1972 to 2007 using the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS). The model outputs with variation coefficient were analyzed and assembled from simulation unit to the state scale based upon major land use types at annual step. Results from this study indicate that soils (within a depth of 0–100 cm) in Iowa had been a SOC source at a rate of 190 ± 380 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1. This was likely caused by the installation of a massive drainage system which led to the release of SOC from deep soil layers previously protected under poor drainage conditions. The annual crop rotation was another major force driving SOC variation and resulted in spatial variability of annual budgets in all croplands. Annual rate of change of SOC stocks in all land types depended significantly on the baseline SOC levels; soils with higher SOC levels tended to be C sources, and those with lower levels tended to be C sinks. Management practices (e.g., conservation tillage and residue management practices) slowed down the C emissions from Iowa soils, but could not reverse the general trend of net SOC loss in view of the entire state due mainly to a high level of baseline SOC stocks.     

黑河中游边缘绿洲农田退耕还草的土壤碳、氮固存效应

研究黑河中游边缘绿洲农田退耕种植苜蓿5a后土壤碳、氮库的变化,通过对2个土类(开垦耕种的风沙土和灰棕漠土)退耕苜蓿地和相邻农田0～5、5～10和10～20cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)和全氮(TN)、颗粒有机碳和氮(POC、PON)储量的分析表明:开垦耕种的风沙土和灰棕漠土有极低的SOC和TN含量,退耕种植苜蓿后0～20cm SOC储量提高了22.1%～27.8%,SOC的固存率平均为0.47 Mg/(hm²·a),0～5cm表层SOC储量变化最大,提高32%～66%;TN储量0～20cm储量变化不显著,在0～5cm表层TN储量风沙土和灰棕漠土分别提高12.8%和48.1%.退耕后POC和PON较SOC和TN有更显著的变化,其分配比例增加,0～20cm土层POC和PON储量分别提高22.8%～42.7%和18.6%～57.6%,在0～5cm变化最大;在瘠薄耕地转变为多年生苜蓿地后土壤C库的增加主要是由于POC的形成量增加.SOC含量相对更低的灰棕漠土比风沙土退耕后土壤C、N的增加更为明显.     

Long-term impacts of land-use change on dynamics of tropical soil carbon and nitrogen pools

Land-use changes, especially the conversion of native forest vegetation to cropland and plantations in tropical region, can alter soil C and N pools and N availability for plant uptake. Deforestation, followed by shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantation, is a common land-use change in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. However the influence of this kind of land-use change on soil C and N dynamics in this region remains poorly understood, This study was conducted to assess the effects of land-use change on soil C and N pools. Soil samples were collected on five adjacent plots, which belong to three land-use types including secondary forest-an acuminate banana( Musa itinerans) secondary forest and a male bamboo( Dendrocalamus membranaceae) secondary forest, shifting cultivation, and rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis (H. B. K. ) Muell. Arg. ) plantation(one plot is 3-year-old, and another is 7-year-old). We measured soil bulk density (BD), pH value, moisture content and concentrations of soil organic carbon(SOC), total soil nitrogen(TSN), and inorganic N(NO3^- -N and NH4^ -N) at 0--3, 3--20, 20--40 and 40--60cm depths, and calculated C and N pools in 0--20, 20--40, 40--60, and 0--60 cm soil layers. Compared with the adjacent secondary forests, shifting cultivation and establishment of rubber tree plantations resulted in significant decline in concentrations and stocks of SOC and TSN in 0--20 and 0--60cm soil layers, and increase in pH and bulk density at 0--3, 3--20, and 20--40cm depths. Soil moisture content decreased only in 0--20cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and plantations. The dynamics of mineral N was much more complex, which had different trends among depths and ecosystems. Compared with the secondary forests, SOC stocks in 0--20cm surface soils in shifting cultivation and rubber tree plantations(3-year-old plantation and 7-year-old plantation) decreased by 34.0%, 33%, and 23% ; and TSN stocks decreased by 32.2%, 20.4%, and 20.4%, respectively,whereas the decreases of SOC and TSN stocks in 0--60cm soil layers were much less. The results indicated that C and N losses were mainly occurred in 0--20cm surface soil, followed by 20--40cm layer.     

密云水库上游流域土壤有机碳和全氮密度影响因素研究

为揭示影响密云水库上游流域土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)和全氮(total nitrogen,TN)密度的主要因子,采用野外采样、实验室分析和数理统计分析相结合的方法,研究了气候(温度和降水)、地形(海拔和坡度)、土壤理化性质(土壤容重、含水量、pH值和黏粒含量)以及土地利用方式等因素对SOC和TN密度的影响.结果表明,密云水库上游流域森林、草地、农田这3种土地利用类型表层(0～20 cm)SOC密度分别为4.77、6.79和2.90 kg.m-2,TN密度分别为0.41、0.69和0.30kg.m-2,3种土地利用类型之间SOC和TN密度差异显著(P<0.05);土壤含水量、土地利用方式、坡度、土壤pH值和黏粒含量是影响SOC密度的主要因子,土地利用方式、土壤黏粒含量和含水量则是影响TN密度的主要因子;气候、地形、土壤理化性质等区域环境因子共同解释了SOC和TN密度变异性的63.6%和53.4%,而环境因子和土地利用方式对SOC和TN密度变异性的综合解释程度分别为67.6%和57.8%.土地利用对SOC和TN密度变异性的贡献相对于环境因子而言较小,因此,建立高空间分辨率的区域环境因子数据库将是精确估算区域土壤碳氮贮量的关键环节.     

小流域土壤有机碳的分布和积累及土壤水分的影响

地形和土地利用决定的土壤水分和土壤有机碳(Soil Organic Carbon,SOC)的空间分布格局为研究水碳关系提供了重要的线索,但土壤水分的强变异性和SOC的相对稳定性对土壤水碳关系的研究提出了挑战。研究基于陆地水量平衡角度,选择雨季后土壤水分恢复期在晋西黄土丘陵小流域尺度进行了重复采样,按照3种地貌类型(沟底、 沟坡、 峁坡)和3种土地利用方式(农地、 林地、 草地)共布置37个样点,采集0~100 cm土壤样品测定土壤水分和SOC,探讨土壤水分与SOC分布特征及其相互关系。结果表明:同一土地利用方式下,土壤水分和SOC总体上沟底>沟坡>峁坡;同一地貌类型下,土壤水分农地>草地>林地,SOC农地<草地<林地。SOC与土壤水分呈现正相关关系,二者符合指数增长(y=y₀+log a×a^x,y为SOC,x为土壤水分)关系,因地貌部位和土地利用方式的不同决定系数在7%~37%之间变化。这一结果为基于土壤水分变化预测SOC积累和分布提供了参考。     

黄土丘陵区不同有机碳水平侵蚀坡面土壤微生物量碳的分布特征

通过分析5种不同有机碳水平侵蚀坡面上土壤微生物量碳的空间分布特征及其影响因素,探究了不同土壤有机碳水平下侵蚀和土壤微生物量碳的"压力-响应"关系.结果表明:10~20 cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量随土壤有机碳水平的增加而增加.0~10 cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量比10~20 cm土层更易受坡面有机碳背景的影响,且对侵蚀的响应较敏感;2土壤微生物碳含量随着土层深度的加深而减少,当坡面有机碳水平为5.68 g·kg-1时,土壤微生物量碳的剖面分布差异最大.土壤微生物量碳的水平分布表现为沉积区对照区侵蚀区,当坡面有机碳含量在4.92~5.65 g·kg-1范围内,其水平分布差异较大.即在中等有机碳水平的侵蚀坡面上,土壤微生物量碳的空间分布差异较大,对侵蚀的响应较敏感;3土壤微生物量碳的空间分布主要受坡面土壤有机碳水平的影响;其次受坡位、土壤平均含水量、土壤容重等的影响.     

Carbon stocks in Swiss agricultural soils predicted by land-use,soil characteristics,and altitude

Effects of agricultural land-use and land-use change on soil organic carbon (SOC) pools play an important role in the mitigation of the global greenhouse effect. To estimate these effects, baseline SOC data for individual regions or countries are needed. The aim of this study was to quantify current SOC stocks in Swiss agricultural soils, to identify meaningful predictors for SOC, and to estimate historical SOC losses. SOC stocks in mineral soils were estimated from combined georeferenced data for land-use, topography, and profile data (n=544) from soil surveys. Mean SOC density in the layer 0–20 cm ranged between 40.6±8.9 t ha⁻¹ (±95% confidence interval (CI)) for arable land and 50.7±12.2 t ha⁻¹ for favourable permanent grassland, and in the layer 0–100 cm from 62.9±15.2 t ha⁻¹ for unfavourable grassland to 117.4±29.8 t ha⁻¹ for temporary grasslands (leys). SOC stocks in organic soils were quantified separately for intact and cultivated peatlands using data from peatland inventories and current SOC densities calculated from average peat decay rates. Organic soils account for less than 3% of the total area but store about 28% (47.2±7.3 Mt) of the total SOC stock of 170±17 Mt. Land-use type, clay content, and altitude (serving as a climate proxy for grassland soils at higher altitudes) were identified as main SOC predictors in mineral soils. Clay content explained up to 44% of the variability in SOC concentrations in the fine earth of arable soils, but was not significantly related to SOC in grassland soils at higher altitudes. SOC concentration under permanent grassland increases linearly with altitude, but because soil depth and stone content limit carbon storage in alpine grassland soils, no relationship was found between altitude and SOC stock. A preliminary estimate suggested that about 16% of the national SOC stock has been lost historically due to peatland cultivation, urbanisation, and deforestation. It seems unlikely that future changes in agricultural practices could compensate for this historical SOC loss in Swiss agricultural soils.     

Land-use induced changes in topsoil organic carbon stock of paddy fields using MODIS and TM/ETM analysis: A case study ofWujiang County, China

Topsoil soil organic carbon (SOC) that plays an important role in mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO_2) buildup is greatly affected by human activities.To evaluate the influence of land-use changes on SOC stocks in paddy soils,a new algorithm was developed by integrating MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer) and TM/ETM data for timely monitoring the land-use change in Wujiang County.Thereafter,the land-use class-maps derived from MODIS and TM/ETM analyses were further used to est...     

The impact of agroforestry combined with water harvesting on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in central Chile evaluated using the ICBM/N model

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) stocks in an agroforestry system with water harvesting were analysed in a field experiment and the results compared with those of other crop management systems in the Mediterranean zone of central Chile. Agroforestry with water harvesting showed higher positive effects on N stocks, mainly in the upper soil layer, than the other crop management systems. However, soil analysis revealed a lack of differences between treatments, a fact that might be related mainly to the short study time (12 years) and the high spatial variability in these soil properties at the experimental site. In addition, the Introductory Carbon Balance Model that simulates N processes (ICBM/N) was evaluated for simulating trends in SOC and N stocks in the field experiment. Soil data collected between 1996 and 2008 in the field experiment and primarily literature data sets were used to test ICBM/N and its performance was evaluated by considering uncertainty in model inputs using Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology. The GLUE estimates (5% and 95%) and measured SOC and N stocks were in satisfactory agreement. The observed SOC and N stocks were bracketed by the uncertainty bands in 70% and 80% of the simulations, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the model to be most sensitive to C parameters, such as the humification coefficient (h). The results of this study show that ICBM/N can be an effective tool for estimating SOC and N stocks from agroforestry combined with water harvesting systems in the Mediterranean zone of central Chile over the medium term. However, they also indicate that additional data sets are needed to redefine the parameter distributions in the model and thus to predict trends in SOC and N stocks in the future.     

塔里木盆地北缘绿洲4种土地利用方式土壤有机碳组分分布特征及其与土壤环境因子的关系

为明确干旱区土壤有机碳各组分分布状况,进而合理地开发与利用,解决土地利用效率低下问题,以塔里木盆地北缘盐碱地、天然林、沙地、30 a棉田这4种不同土地利用方式土壤为研究对象,分析不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、易氧化有机碳的分布状况,结合冗余分析探索其与土壤环境因子的关系.结果表明,SOC在天然林表现出最高值(1.92 g·kg~(-1)),在沙地随土层增加而增加,在其他土地利用类型整体呈现下降趋势;MBC在天然林表现出最高水平,且随土层深度增加而降低,在其他土地利用类型无明显变化趋势.DOC含量最高值和最低值分别出现在天然林和30 a棉田的80~100 cm层(分别为143.23 mg·kg~(-1)和30.00 mg·kg~(-1)),在天然林中随土层深度增加而增加,在盐碱地中随土层深度增加而降低且不同土层含量均表现出显著差异(P0.05).EOC含量在不同土地利用类型和不同土层中未表现出明显规律.将各有机碳组分进行敏感性分析得出:MBC对不同土层最为敏感,DOC对土地利用变化最为敏感.通过冗余分析得出各有机碳组分与土壤含水量、全氮、p H呈正相关关系,与土壤容重、电导率呈负相关关系.土壤环境因子对各碳组分含量的重要性排序为:土壤容重含水量电导率土壤氮p H,即容重和含水量为影响干旱区有机碳组分的主要因子.