Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA溶液脱除NO实验研究

在脱硝喷淋系统上研究了各实验条件对Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合脱除NO的影响,结果表明:吸收液的酸碱度影响Fe~(2+)/EDTA络合形式,当溶液处于弱酸、弱碱条件下有效脱硝络合形式Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度最高;当配制Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA络合剂时,Fe~(2+)/EDTA摩尔比为3 2时脱硝效率最大,过多的Fe~(2+)或EDTA不利于脱硝;当温度由30℃上升至80℃时脱硝效率下降了36%;在0.05mol/L的Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA的吸收液中加入0.1mol/L的氨水,可实现40%的脱硝率和90%的脱硫率。     

乙二胺四乙酸合钴吸收一氧化氮的研究

采用乙二胺四乙酸合钴对NO气体进行络合吸收实验,以实现湿法脱硝。试验初步研究Co2+EDTA络合吸收NO的反应条件,主要影响因素包括氧含量、p H值、反应温度和吸收剂浓度。研究结果表明,有氧存在时,Co2+EDTA具有一定的脱除NO能力。在50℃时,鼓泡反应装置中当氧质量分数为10%,溶液p H=9.0时,以0.01 mol/L的Co2+EDTA作为吸收液与NO进行反应,脱硝率可达到74%以上,并可维持一定时间的脱硝作用。     

氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝的研究

在氨法脱硫的基础上提出了氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝的新工艺,重点研究了Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度、反应温度、进气流量、初始pH值等参数对脱硫脱硝效率的影响。研究结果表明,氨法-Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝工艺可行,在温度40℃,初始pH值为8,进气量50 L/h,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA浓度为0.075 mol/L的条件下可以保持99%以上的脱硫率和70%以上的脱硝率。     

烧结烟气中氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝络合剂再生的实验研究

对氨-络合法同步脱硫脱硝废液中络合剂再生进行了实验研究。结果表明,在50℃、p H值为5.65、Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA浓度为0.04 mol/L、再生剂/Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA为2∶1的条件下,经铁粉再生后吸收液最高脱硫脱硝效率分别达到99%和75%;焦粉再生最高脱硫脱硝效率达到97%和46%;而乙二醛再生最高脱硫脱硝效率仅为80%和20%。同时铁粉再生中试结果也还表明脱硫效果可以稳定在100%,脱硝效果可维持在60%。     

Fe再生氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱硫脱硝废液研究

采用氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法同步脱除烧结烟气中SO_2和NO_x,并通过铁屑再生废液中Fe~(Ⅱ)维持脱硝效率。实验结果显示,氨/Fe~(Ⅱ)EDTA法脱硫效率可达100%,脱硝效率可达68.3%。但是,随着实验时间的延长,脱硝效率逐步下降。通过铁屑再生Fe~(Ⅱ)-除铁后,脱硝效率从48.8%增加至57.1%。     

旋转填充床强化吸收模拟烟气中NO的研究

旋转填充床(RPB)是一种新兴、高效的气液传质设备。以H_2O_2、NaOH及H_2O_2+NaOH复合溶液作为吸收液,采用旋转填充床对含NO模拟烟气的吸收过程进行试验,考察了PRB的转速、气液比对超重力旋转填充床强化传质性能的影响,不同种类的吸收液及浓度、吸收反应时间对脱除低浓度NO效率的影响,以及吸收产物的种类及分布。结果表明,当超重力旋转填充床的转速为900 r/min、气液比为5∶1时,以0.8 mol/L H_2O_2为吸收液的NO脱除率为38%;以0.01 mol/L NaOH为吸收液的NO脱除率为34%;以0.03 mol/L NaOH和0.4 mol/L H_2O_2为复合吸收液时,NO脱除率达95%,NO被吸收后的产物为硝酸根和亚硝酸根离子,成分简单,经简单处理可制成工业原料,直接回收利用。     

Fe对改性ACF负载锰铈复合氧化物低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响

活性炭纤维(ACF)先经过硝酸处理形成ACFN,以锰氧化物为活性成分,Ce O2/ACFN为载体,采用浸渍法制备一系列不同物质的量比的Mn-Ce/ACFN催化剂。研究不同含量Fe的加入对Mn-Ce/ACFN的低温还原NO活性的影响。同时对比研究了Ce/ACFN、Mn-Ce/ACFN、Fe-Mn-Ce/ACFN净化NO的能力。利用热重分析(TG)实验、扫描电镜(SEM)和催化剂活性实验探讨了金属离子的分布、煅烧温度和不同载体对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,Fe的引入使得Mn-Ce/ACFN的NH3-SCR活性显著提高,催化剂在140~280℃之间表现出良好的脱除NO的效果,最高的NO脱除效率达到91.3%。     

零价铁法处理含EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)废水

为了探索含络合铜电镀废水的处理新方法,以废铁屑为材料,研究其去除EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效性和作用机制。对铁屑进行XRD表征的结果表明,铁屑中含有零价铁和少量碳,实验发现,铁屑对Cu(Ⅱ)和EDTA能同步去除,90 min的去除率分别达到93.51%,52.55%,且降低了体系的生物毒性,提高了生物降解性。对反应机制进行探讨,结果表明铁屑以直接还原、沉淀吸附和微电解作用实现对EDTA-Cu(Ⅱ)的有效去除。     

异相Fenton试剂-光协同催化降解五氯酚钠的研究

在Fenton试剂-光催化氧化降解五氯酚钠过程中,由于Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)水解,导致光效率降低,五氯苯酚分析困难,并在废水处理过程中引入了新的污染.为了解决这些问题,将Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)分别固载到LS-5000螯合树脂上,与H2O2一起构成异相Fenton试剂,进行五氯酚钠的Fenton试剂-光协同催化氧化降解研究.单因素试验表明,光照时间、H2O2质量浓度、载Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)螯合树脂用量、PCP-Na初始浓度对五氯酚钠降解率均有影响.正交试验获得降解五氯酚钠的最佳工艺条件为: 0.2 g载铁(Ⅱ)螯合树脂、24 μg/mL H2O2、16 μg/mL五氯酚钠以及150 min紫外光光照.影响降解的因素按强度由大到小的次序为光照时间、载铁(Ⅱ)螯合树脂质量、五氯酚钠初始质量浓度和H2O2质量浓度.Na+、K+、Mg2+、Cl-和SO2-4等50倍于五氯酚钠质量浓度时,五氯酚钠降解率变化值小于等于±5%.     

磁性纳米吸附剂Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对阴离子染料的吸附研究

为了研究用于印染废水处理的新型高效材料,以3-胺丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂制备了氨基修饰表面的磁性纳米粒子吸附剂(记为Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2).研究了吸附时间、pH值、染料初始质量浓度和吸附剂用量等因素对其吸附酸性橙Ⅱ(AO Ⅱ)和活性艳红X-3B(X-3B)的吸附效率的影响,测定和分析了吸附过程的热力学和动力学.结果表明,Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对AO Ⅱ和X-3B的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线和准二级动力学模型.Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2对AO Ⅱ和X-3B的吸附是单分子层吸附为主的化学过程,其吸附容量分别为132 mg/g和233 mg/g.初步研究了通过外加磁场和调节pH值来实现吸附剂和染料的再生和循环使用.     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失，提高滑坡预测的准确性，通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据，在获得多组模拟实验数据后，分析各变量的特性。首先，通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP)算法，对滑坡进行危险度划分；然后，通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine，SVM)建立模型，遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数，提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据，通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好，实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合，与单一SVM相比，精度更高，结果更好，更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

一起有机过氧化物爆炸事故的调查和分析

阐述一起重大爆炸伤亡事故的现场调查和原因分析，介绍如何通过人证物证材料，用鱼刺图法找出可能引起事故的诸原因，逐项加以分析，将与人证或物证材料相矛盾的原因子以排除，最后剩下无法排除亦即能与人证物证相符的那个原因，就是事故的真正原因。笔者是这起事故调查专家组组长，取证和数据可靠。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

我国与主要国家温石棉安全使用政策和法规对比研究

我国作为温石棉的生产和使用大国，在温石棉及其制品的危害及防控方面开展了较为系统的研究，但对于其他主要国家在温石棉安全使用政策和法规方面的研究则相对较少。本文简要介绍温石棉安全使用的理论基础，对美国、加拿大等主要国家在温石棉安全生产和使用方面的主要政策和法规进行研究，并对我国温石棉产业政策以及相关法规进行梳理，通过对比发现，我国与美国、加拿大等国家在温石棉及其制品的安全使用法规、标准建设等方面存在一定差距。最后，基于相关对比分析结果，对我国温石棉产业职业病防治、环境保护以及温石棉制品等方面的法规标准的建设提出建议。     

飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系研究

为了探究飞行员记忆与安全绩效的关系，提高优秀飞行员选拔的有效性和飞行排班的科学性，对飞行员记忆进行测试，结合其近6年的飞行品质(QAR)数据，系统分析了记忆与安全绩效的关系及各因素对飞行员记忆的影响情况。结果表明:飞行员形象记忆、情景记忆、运动记忆、语义记忆与安全绩效呈正相关关系，情绪记忆与安全绩效呈“n”型关系；情景记忆主要受不良情绪波动的影响，语义记忆主要受对大脑缺乏开发应用情况以及压力的影响，情绪记忆主要受不良嗜好和年龄的影响，形象记忆主要受睡眠和疾病的影响，运动记忆主要受用脑过度和年龄因素影响。     

Safety Ⅱ学术思想的科学传播研究*

为全面了解Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播情况,采集Web of Science数据库中284篇引用Safety Ⅱ学术著作的论文,采用科学计量和知识网络的方法,分析Safety Ⅱ学术思想的传播时间趋势、传播主体分布、传播领域与期刊以及传播的热点主题分布。研究结果表明:Safety Ⅱ学术思想在传播时间上呈线性增长趋势;核心传播区域为英格兰、美国、澳大利亚、挪威和意大利;核心传播机构为挪威斯塔万格大学、荷兰代尔夫特理工大学以及罗马第一大学;核心传播者为Saurin Tarcisio Abreu、Hollnagel Erik以及Patriarca Riccardo;Safety Ⅱ传播的核心领域为工业工程、运筹管理科学、人机工程学、应用心理学以及健康护理科学与服务等领域;Safety Ⅱ传播的主题为“韧性与功能共振”、“病患安全”、“事故与人的失误”、“安全与风险管理”、“社会技术系统与人的因素”以及“安全风险的评估”6大方向。研究结果对我国安全科学理论与实践的发展有重要作用。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.