火灾爆炸危险指数评价法在催化裂化装置中的安全运用

以大庆石化总厂140万吨/年重油催化裂化装置为例,运用美国道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法对该装置进行安全性评价,分析装置各单元固有的火灾爆炸危险性。根据火灾爆炸危险指数大小给工艺单元划分危险等级,评价其潜在的火灾爆炸危险,确定安全补偿系数。通过量化其危险性因素,从生产设备、工艺操作、安全管理等方面综合分析该装置的危险性、生产过程存在的火灾爆炸危险性和发生事故的可能性,评价发生事故的严重程度,找出主要危险因素力求从技术、工艺、设备、原材料、安全管理等方面采取措施,以减少火灾爆炸事故的发生或降低事故损失。本文为石化企业采取有针对性的火灾爆炸预防措施,从而降低事故的发生概率,提高装置运行的稳定性和可靠性,减少损失,保证生产安全进行提供了科学依据。     

火灾爆炸危险指数评价法在催化裂化装置中的运用

本文以大庆石化总厂140万吨/年重油催化裂化装置为例,运用美国道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法对该装置进行安全性评价,分析装置各单元固有的火灾爆炸危险性.根据火灾爆炸危险指数大小给工艺单元划分危险等级,评价其潜在的火灾爆炸危险,确定安全补偿系数.通过量化其危险性因素,从生产设备、工艺操作、安全管理等方面综合分析该装置的危险性、生产过程存在的火灾爆炸危险性和发生事故的可能性,评价发生事故的严重程度,找出主要危险因素力求从技术、工艺、设备、原材料、安全管理等方面采取措施,以减少火灾爆炸事故的发生或降低事故损失.本文为石化企业采取有针对性的火灾爆炸预防措施,从而降低事故的发生概率,提高装置运行的稳定性和可靠性,减少损失,保证生产安全进行提供了科学依据.     

某化工厂甲醛生产安全现状综合评价

采用预先危险分析（PHA）、火灾爆炸危险指数分析等方法对某化工厂甲醛生产过程中的危险性进行了分析与评价,确定了重大危险源,根据分析评价结果,在安全技术与安全管理等方面,提出了甲醛生产过程中应采取的技术措施。     

顺酐生产火灾爆炸危险性分析与评价

在分析顺酐生产过程中火灾爆炸危险因素的基础上,运用美国道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数评价方法对顺酐生产装置进行安全性评价。针对其实际运转情况,对其中氧化反应器单元从一般工艺危险性、特殊工艺危险性和安全补偿措施等方面进行了系统分析,并提出了预防事故的安全对策措施,为苯酐的安全生产和管理提供了切实可行的参考。     

PTA生产火灾爆炸危险性分析与评价

采用道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数法对PTA生产工艺进行了分析与评价。首先分析了PTA具体的生产工艺流程,其次对其生产原料、生产流程中的高温氧化反应、加氢反应阶段的火灾危险性以及PTA装置的包装工段的火灾危险性进行了具体的分析。接着运用道化学公司的火灾、爆炸危险指数法,系统地对PTA生产装置的火灾爆炸危险性进行了评估。文章选取该装置中火灾爆炸危险性较大的高温氧化单元以及加氢精制单元为评价单元。并依照火灾爆炸指数法的评价程序进行评价,确定物质系数、单元危险系数、火灾爆炸指数、安全措施补偿系数、危害系数等一系列参数。最后就评价结果及各单元补偿前后危险程度进行详细的分析并提出了防止PTA生产装置燃烧爆炸的安全对策措施,文章为后期系统深入地研究PTA安全生产提供了一定的参考。     

道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数法在1,3丁二烯聚合安全性评价中的应用

道化学火灾、爆炸危险指数法是在化工领域中广泛应用的一种评价方法,根据该法制定的指数选取规则,可对工艺单元火灾爆炸危险性进行量化和分级.以某化工厂3000t/a三聚体生产项目为背景,从工艺过程、危险物质、安全设施设计等方面,对1,3丁二烯聚合过程火灾、爆炸危险性进行分析;定量评价工艺装置及所含物料潜在危险性,得出主装置区、储罐区固有危险等级,分析不同状态下安全补偿系数对降低危险等级的影响,提出相应安全对策措施.     

锅炉车间燃烧爆炸危险性评价

攀钢热电厂运用火灾爆炸危险指数评价法对锅炉车间燃烧爆炸危险性进行评价,确定可能引起事故发生或使事故扩大的设备,客观地量化锅炉车间潜在的燃烧爆炸的危险性,向管理部门通报并提出相应的预防对策和措施,确保了热电厂的安全运作。评价方法火灾爆炸危险指数评价法是对工艺装置及所含物科的潜在火灾爆炸和反应性危险按逐步推算的方法进行客观的评价。该法主要用于评价储存、处理、生产易燃、可燃、活性物质的操作过程。热电厂锅炉车间     

某聚氯乙烯厂聚合车间生产系统危险性评价

在分析某聚氯乙烯厂聚合车间生产系统危险有害因素的基础上,结合我国化工企业安全生产的特点,应用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法(第7版)对聚合车间聚合、沉析过滤及尾气回收等主要危险工艺单元进行火灾、爆炸危险性评价,并提出了预防事故的安全对策措施.     

某聚氯乙烯厂聚合车间生产系统危险性评价

在分析某聚氯乙烯厂聚合车间生产系统危险有害因素的基础上，结合我国化工企业安全生产的特点，应用道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数评价法（第7版）对聚合车间聚合、沉析过滤及尾气回收等主要危险工艺单元进行火灾、爆炸危险性评价，并提出了预防事故的安全对策措施。     

天然气制甲醇关键过程火灾爆炸危险性分析

介绍了甲醇生产过程中的火灾、爆炸危险性及其研究现状,对天然气制甲醇生产工艺过程作了简单分析.运用DOW化学火灾爆炸危险指数法对各生产工艺单元的火灾爆炸危险性进行评价,确定天然气转化和热回收工艺单元与甲醇合成工艺单元为主要的危险工艺单元.进而根据甲醇生产工艺的火灾爆炸危险类型,通过事故树法对天然气制甲醇生产工艺中需要进行重点控制的工艺单元进行系统安全分析,确定了两个工艺单元内火灾爆炸事故发生的途径及其难易程度.     

An algorithm for the implementation of safety improvement programs

In production system workplace environments, the achievement of safety objectives depends essentially on the risk assessment process and on the adequacy of measures to eliminate or reduce risk. The main goal of the planning phase is to define in advance the effective management of resources (financial, human and technical) involved in the completion of the overall safety improvement program. Indeed, whereas the results of the risk assessment process depend only on the correct evaluation of the work system with respect to human safety, the planning phase of safety improvement program is subject to economic, technical and organisational constraints and has to be integrated with other company objectives. Within this context, the plan definition should include additional objectives other than risk reduction, such as the clustering of measures with homogenous or compatible characteristics and the minimisation of production system disturbance (inefficiency) over the program time span. However, no safety improvement program can really be implemented if operational constraints (i.e. finite availability of resources, incompatibility in the execution of measures and limited acceptance of inefficiency) are overlooked. The present paper proposes a quantitative view of these objectives and constraints in order to develop an algorithm for the scheduling of measures within a safety improvement program. By means of the evaluation of a priority index, this algorithm provides a plan with the higher rate of risk reduction possible that maximises the objectives in function of their relative importance, obeying the imposed constraints. The definition of the safety improvement program for a textile factory shows how the algorithm can produce a plan with higher rate of risk reduction in comparison with plans based only on risk priority.     

一种新型危险化工工艺安全评估方法的设计

在安全生产过程中,建设项目风险评价在我国经过几十年的发展,无论在模型亦是方法上均有所进步,但对化工项目进行危险化工工艺风险等级评价的研究并不多见。本文按照危险化工工艺表征涉及的影响因素,在参考了日本劳动省"六阶段"的定量评价表以及危险度评价法并对15种危险化工工艺定性分析的基础上,提出了一种基于危险度评价法的更为全面的危险化工工艺辨识方法。该评价方法可用于确定危险化工工艺的风险等级。为化工企业工艺危险的实时评估和安全管理提供技术支撑和科学途径。     

城市安全生产风险评估调研和信息处理方法研究

为城市安全生产风险评估调研工作的合理有序开展,本文结合实际案例归纳了城市安全生产风险评估调研的目的、范围、内容和流程,具体介绍了走访座谈法、常专结合法、函件调研法等信息采集方法,总结了综合归纳法和逻辑处理法等信息处理方法。结果表明,在调研的不同阶段运用不同的调研方法可有效获取城市安全生产风险源信息及安全生产基本信息,为城市安全生产风险评估工作奠定坚实的信息数据资料支撑。     

低温乙烯储存过程风险评价及其缓解对策

为加强危险化学品储存的环境安全性,在深入调研危化品储存环节主要风险的基础上建立评价指标体系,采用层次分析法与模糊综合评价法相结合的风险评估模型对低温乙烯罐储存过程进行风险评估,并提出可行的控制措施。研究结果表明,储罐环境安全处于安全级内;针对低温乙烯罐存在的风险建立EHS一体化管理模式,建立全厂应急预案及一系列的风险预防措施,以缓解其储存过程的风险。     

Safety compliance climate concerning risk assessment and preventive measures in EU legislation: A Finnish survey

The aim of the present study is to explore the process dynamics of the safety compliance climate and work relationships, including their antecedents and consequences. After investigating the many dimensions of safety compliance climate and of work relationships, the study concludes that a multi-component measure is needed to fully assess all of their dimensions. With respect to the impacting positively on safety compliance legislation, the present study found the following factors: “contribution measures”, “concrete preventive measures” and “risk assessment process”. For risk assessment factors on safety compliance the study identified “planning, guidelines, policy, management”, “prioritization of proactive measures”, “results in cooperation and information” and “active use of risks assessment document”. In a regression model for the workers, both risk assessment process and contribution measures had a statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) effect on concrete preventive measures. In the regression analysis of the employers risk assessment process had a statistically significant (p < 0.01) effect and contribution measures had a statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) effect on concrete preventive measures.     

基于改进云模型-IAHP的涉爆粉尘企业安全风险评估

为了评估涉爆粉尘企业安全风险，克服传统评估过程中数据随机性和模糊性的缺陷，建立了基于云理论和区间层次分析法(IAHP)的涉爆粉尘企业安全风险评估模型。针对粉尘爆炸事故的特点构建涉爆粉尘企业安全风险指标体系，使用云理论为主客观指标赋值，采用IAHP确定各指标权重并引入可能度修正权重结果，基于改进的云合并算法整合计算结果，以综合评估企业粉尘爆炸风险，并将该模型应用于某金属加工企业。研究结果表明:该企业的粉尘爆炸风险处于一般水平，其工人安全意识薄弱、防尘及防爆措施不完善、生产布局和管理不规范等原因导致了该企业的风险，该模型评估结果与实际情况相符，为提高企业安全管理水平提供依据。     

A proactive process risk assessment approach based on job hazard analysis and resilient engineering

Complex systems often experience a long period of incubation before accidents occur. Therefore, a proactive risk assessment is essential for process safety. The conventional job hazard analysis (JHA) method has been an effective tool to conduct a process risk assessment in the high-risk industrial field. However, the conventional JHA is inadequate for the proactive risk assessment since it is usually conducted during and before one specific operation process. Operations such as startup and maintenance are performed repeatedly on the lifecycle of a plant. Therefore, the risk reduction measures for the industrial process should include not only preventive actions obtained from the conventional JHA but also recovery ones. Resilience engineering (RE) has proven to be helpful for the recovery analysis of a complex system. The objective of this paper is to propose a proactive and comprehensive process risk assessment approach based on JHA and RE. The mechanism of applying RE to address operation process risk is illustrated. The integrated approach can provide guidelines to establish proactive risk reduction measures as well as maintain a low-risk level. Finally, a gas transmission startup process risk assessment case is presented to demonstrate its applicability.