南京市产业结构优化分析

南京市经济健康、快速发展的关键是产业结构的调整与优化，对南京市产业结构进行深入分析具有十分重要的实际意义。结合定性和定量的方法，从产业结构演变、产业水平、产业效益和工业内部结构等几个方面对南京市产业结构加以分析，并在此基础上，归纳出南京市产业结构的特点，提出了南京市产业结构优化的对策。     

水资源管理：由工程水利向资源水利转变

水是生命之源,是人类社会存在和发展的基础。对本资源实行统一管理,是政府的重要职能和实现国民经济可持续发展的需要。政府对水资源的统一管理、核心是要搞好水资源的优化配置。因此,更新观念,实现由工程水利向资源水利的转变具有重要意义。在社会主义市场经济体制条件下,政府要实现对水资源的统一管理,必须充分发挥行政手段、法律手段、经济手段的作用。 工程水利与资源水利 工程水利及其历史作用 工程水利是指以工程为中心的治水管水思路和观念。在这一观念指导下的主要管理内容是水利工程项目的审批、建设和运行管理。工程水利是…     

质检总局十大重点产业标准化工作要点

今年以来，国务院发布了关于汽车、钢铁、船舶、石化、轻工、纺织、有色金属、装备制造、电子信息、物流等十大重点产业调整和振兴规划。十大重点产业在国民经济中的地位举足轻重，制订和实施重点产业调整和振兴规划是应对国际金融危机，落实中央保增长、扩内需、调结构总体要求的重大举措。标准化作为国民经济和社会发展的重要基础，在规范市场秩序、提升产品质量和安全水平、推进产业结构调整和升级、转变发展方式、促进科研及其成果转化、提高产业竞争力等方面具有重要的战略意义，理应发挥加快产业调整和振兴的积极作用。     

水利旅游吸引力评价模型与实证研究

水利旅游是水利经济的新兴增长点，吸引力评价是旅游开发的基础性研究。借鉴引力理论，构建了由25个指标组成的水利旅游吸引力评价指标体系，运用AHP—PCA—Borda主客观组合评价法，对我国水利旅游吸引力进行了实证评价。结果表明，水利旅游吸引力地区不平衡，江苏、广东、山东、湖北、河南、浙江、湖南、北京和江西等省水利旅游吸引力较强，西部省份和处于我国版图中轴线附近的省份水利旅游吸引力较弱。     

水利旅游开发研究——以淠史杭灌区为例

水利旅游是水利工程综合效益的体现。淠史杭灌区为世界7大人工灌区之一，是发展水利旅游的典型区域。对淠史杭灌区开发水利旅游的资源条件、现状和存在的问题进行了较为系统的分析，提出了联动开发、展示水利文化、合理整合资源、多种开发模式等发展策略。     

调整产业结构促进滨州循环经济发展

由于经济结构比例失调，产业关系失衡，产业层次低下，技术含量低，空间布局失当等矛盾，导致环境污染严重，影响了环境质量改善的进程。滨州市通过深化体制改革，完善产业政策，充分发挥产业结构调整对环境资源的优化配置，促进循环经济发展。     

城市水系闸门调控技术研究及应用

分析了城市水环境问题的胁迫要素，认为要将生态水利的发展观充分渗透到城市现代水利建设中。基于水质水量的联合调度，对城市水资源进行科学配置；基于当前城市已经形成的一定水利格局和水环境状况，认为科学管理城市水利设施更有现实意义。提出了闸门调控的理论框架和技术路线，研究了利用闸门调控改善城市水系环境质量的理论方法。     

小农中国需要什么样的水利

当前农田水利上的根本问题是：小水利与大水利的脱节，农民组织化程度降低，农田水利系统性破坏，水利回归为一家一户的小农形态。受西化影响正在中国推行的水利市场化、私有化机制，因忽视了中国小农生产的现实与农田水利系统性、战略性的性质，导致当前的农田水利困境。中国农田水利的根本出路还是在于将农民组织起来，而不能依赖外来的徒有其名的“经济自立灌区”与“农民用水户协会”模式。     

国家发布《产业结构调整指导目录》

2005年12月7日,经国务院批准,国家发展和改革委员会以第40号令发布了《产业结构调整指导目录》(以下简称《目录》)。《目录》是国务院《促进产业结构调整暂行规定》的配套文件,涉及农业、水利、煤炭、电力、交通、信息产业、钢铁、有色金属、石油化工、建材、机械、轻纺、服务业、环境和生态保护、资源节约及综合利用等20多个行业,共1100余条。其中鼓励类539条,限制类190条,淘汰类399条。自发布之日起施行。《目录》中鼓励类项目涉及环境保护与资源节约综合利用的共有42项:1.矿山生态环境恢复工程;2.海洋开发及海洋环境保护;3.生物多样性保…     

调整产业结构合理利用资源促进焦炭行业可持续发展--对介休市安泰公司的调查分析

调整优化产业结构，是保持国民经济持续快速健康发展的客观要求，也是适应全球经济一体化需要，主动迎接新技术革命挑战的必然选择。介休市安泰公司通过调整优化产业结构，发展良性循环的链型产业，走出了一条可持续发展的新路子。     

A QUARTER CENTURY OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE AND A DECADE OF DISCHARGE CONTROLS1

This paper explores the trends in industrial water intake, discharge, recycling, and gross water use to see whether or not the 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA) has had an impact on industrial effluent discharge. Quinquennial Census data indicate that the levels of discharge, both generally and per unit of product, have been falling for as long as these data have been gathered. Trends in gross water use and recycling ratios suggest that during the 25 years of record production processes were gradually modified so that less total water was discharged and less was used per unit of output. Untreated discharge as a percent of all discharge fell fairly steadily across all industries until 1973 and continued to fall in 1978 in the major BOD-discharging industries. By 1978, 75 percent of the pulp and paper effluent and 40 percent of the food processing effluent was treated. The consistent increase in treated discharge in the pulp and paper mills, with their large component of BOD-related process discharge, was not matched by parallel trends in the steel, petroleum, and chemicals industries with their relatively smaller amounts (and percents) of process discharge. This suggests that the CWA may have been responsible in part for the change in the former. In the pulp and paper industry, there is further evidence that the CWA has influenced wastewater discharge. Although, for the century as a whole, pulp and paper mills discharged less water, and more discharge was treated, in 1978 than in 1973, these trends were especially dramatic among firms in the Northeast where controls were likely to have been most stringent. Finally, using the only direct evidence we have, it appears that the drop in discharge levels and the increasing amounts of treatment had a significant effect on the amount of BOD discharged to surface and ground water. In 1973 the pulp and paper mills in Wisconsin discharged an average of about 868,000 lbs/day; by 1982, despite increased levels of production, they discharged less than 10 percent of that. There is no doubt that industrial water use changed over the 25 years of record. Although the evidence is circumstantial, it appears that the CWA and the environmental ethic which spawned it played an important part in some aspects of the shifts.     

论水资源产业管理

本文分析了我国水资源现状和产生的原因,阐述了对水资源实行产业管理的重要意义,并对如何进行水资源产业管理提出了有关对策和建议。     

EFFECTIVENESS OF WASTE MINIMIZATION PROJECTS IN REDUCING WATER DEMAND BY UK INDUSTRY1

ABSTRACT: There is growing interest in managing water demand in the UK. A series of waste minimization clubs have been set up within the country and this paper identifies the effectiveness of these clubs in reducing the demand for water within industry. Membership of these clubs is voluntary and the only incentive for industry to reduce water consumption, and consequently the production of effluent, is the almost immediate financial saving made by the company, often achieved by accounting for the water consumption and loss within site from the point of input from the water supplier to output in the form of effluent. On average, companies are able to reduce water consumption by up to 30 percent. If the entire industrial sector within the UK were to achieve this degree of savings, it is possible that approximately 1300Ml/d could be saved.     

RATIONAL INDUSTRIAL WATER REUSE RATIOS1

ABSTRACT: This work begins by defining rational water use, and then discusses important factors that most strongly influence it. A general model is then developed to enable factories to quantify the ratio of rational industrial water reuse based on the least cost method. The model is established to minimize the cost of water with reference to gross water use and three subsystems ‐ the intake, reuse, and discharge of industrial water. Discharge cost is determined using data from a 1997 survey of 38 factories, and reuse costs are ranked and expressed by a step function. The model is verified using data from a typical semiconductor factory in northern Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park, whose effective rational water reuse ratio is about 38 percent. A sensitivity analysis shows that improving water reuse technology is the most important factor in determining the rational water reuse ratio, and the price of water is the second most important. When water costs over NT$30 (New Taiwan Dollar, US$1 = NT$34) per cubic meter, increasing reuse becomes significant. The model provides a step towards the scientific management of industrial water.     

INDUSTRIAL WATER DEMAND WITH WATER REUSE1

ABSTRACT: This work establishes an industrial water demand (IWD) model for a short term estimate, which considers water reuse technologies and discharge regulations, for the integrated circuit (IC) industry in northern Taiwan. Based on the optimization of an industrial water cost system, a computerized system dynamics model (SD model) is developed to generate individual firm IWD using data from year 2000. A market IWD is further constructed for 25 1C firms in the study area and is approximated by an inverse logistic curve. Analytical results demonstrate that price elasticity varies with water price in cases involving water reuse.     

FUTURE SOURCES OF COOLING WATER FOR POWER PLANTS IN ARID REGIONS1

ABSTRACT: Electric generation facility water requirement will increase substantially in the future in the Western United States because new power plants are to be constructed at inland sites rather than on the coast. At the inland locations, power plants will have to compete with agriculture and public users for fresh water supplies, and will be constrained by environmental legislation to dispose of cooling waste water in lined evaporation ponds. The various options for power plant cooling are analyzed in respect to cost, water consumption, and environmental hazard, and also in respect to their compatibility with existing state and federal regulations. Several proposals for balancing the water requirements of various users in water-scarce areas are reviewed and criticized.     

工业园区水污染防治的问题与对策探讨

随着快速工业化发展,尤其是新建工业项目"入园进区"的推进,工业园区水污染防治越来越成为工业污染防治的重中之重。本文通过从园区准入、适用标准、管理体系等方面对当前工业园区水污染防治中的问题的梳理,对工业园区系统化的工业园区环境行政管理体系进行探讨,研究建议:在园区设立时,应突出区域上资源、能源、环境三元优化与统一,园区企业入园突出环境准入尤其是有利于园区的生态化与循环化改造;在园区企业水污染防治中,应探索园区企业协同治污的差异化排放标准,建立全过程控制水污染防治路线;在环境管理体制创新中,应以排污许可管理为主线,构建园区环境管理相关方协同的系统管理机制。     

FORECASTING URBAN WATER USE: THE IWR-MAIN MODEL1

ABSTRACT: In the current forecasting practice, future water requirements of a growing urban area are often represented as the product of the number of people to be served by the water system and an assumed quantity of gross per capita water use. This paper describes a forecasting approach that differs from the per capita method in two important aspects. First, it disaggregates urban water use into a large number of categories, each consisting of a relatively homogeneous group of water users. Second, it links water use in each category to factors that determine both the need for water as well as the intensity of water use. This approach is incorporated into a computerized forecasting system referred to as IWR-MAIN. The advantages of the IWR.MAIN model over the traditional per capita method are illustrated in a case study of Anaheim, California.     

POLLUTION SURVEILLANCE AND DATA ACQUISITION USING MULTISPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING1

Large scale water resource investigations and effective pollution surveillance programs require the development of additional instrumentation and techniques to supplement existing methods of data acquisition. As a result, interest is growing in the concept of remote sensing. Described in this paper is the multispectral sensor concept and its application in water resource studies.     

工业园区水管理创新研究

随着工业化和城市化进程,中国的水环境和水安全问题凸显。工业园区在中国经济发展过程中贡献突出,但同时也是环境污染特别是水环境污染的重要来源之一。在日益趋严的绿色生态发展政策导向下,园区实施可持续水管理具有重要现实意义和理论价值。研究基于全生命周期思考和系统优化原则,提出园区水管理创新概念模型,包含供(取)水、用水、废水处理、排放、污水再生回用、污泥处理处置及资源化等与水管理相关的关键环节组成的全生命周期园区水管理体系,实现生命周期全过程管理,防范水风险,改善水环境质量。从多利益相关方的角度,协同园区、企业、周边流域三个层面,采用PDCA循环,设计包含水管理问题识别、成因分析、实施对策和绩效考核四部分的园区水管理创新概念、框架及基本流程,制定以园区管理机构和企业为实施主体的全方位园区水污染防治关键行动,以达到园区和企业水资源消耗总量与用水强度双向优化、周边流域源洁流清,实现可持续生态化绿色发展的长期目标。