壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂的合成及在蓝藻沼液预处理中的应用

以聚合氯化铝(PACl)和壳聚糖(CTS)为主要原料合成了聚合氯化铝-壳聚糖(PACl-CTS)复合絮凝剂,考察了PACl与CTS的质量比、反应温度、反应液pH和反应时间等因素对PACl-CTS絮凝性能的影响,优化出PACl-CTS合成最佳工艺条件为:温度控制在70℃,m(PACl)∶m(CTS)=4∶1,反应时间1 h,pH值为4.通过红外图谱(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对PACl-CTS的微观结构进行了表征,表明PACl以一定的晶体结构镶嵌在CTS中,PACl和CTS之间存在一定的相互作用,而不是简单的复配.将合成的PACl-CTS应用于蓝藻沼液废水处理,结果表明,PACl-CTS对浊度、COD、TP具有良好的絮凝性能,当投加量为21.0 mg.L-1时,浊度、COD、TP的去除率分别达到了98.15%、67.78%和84.05%,可作为新型高效絮凝剂应用于蓝藻沼液废水预处理.     

微生物絮凝剂的污泥脱水性能研究

采用酱油曲霉发酵制备的微生物絮凝剂对广州市猎德污水处理厂浓缩污泥的脱水性能进行研究,实验结果表明,酱油曲霉分泌的微生物絮凝剂对浓缩污泥有较好的脱水效果,调理后的污泥比阻可降至8.9×1011m·kg-1,显著地改善了污泥的脱水性能,与对照样相比,脱水率提高了7%,含水率降低了6%,当絮凝剂的投加量为污泥体积的5%、干重质量浓度为5.8mg·l-1时,污泥的脱水效果最佳,污泥脱水率从75.6%提高到82.6%,污泥含水率从82.4%降到76.4%.微生物絮凝剂和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合使用有助于改善污泥的脱水性能,当10mL116mg·l-1微生物絮凝剂和6mL 1g·l-1PAM复合使用时,污泥的脱水率为82.9%,脱水后污泥的含水率为76.1%.     

无机复合调理剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

针对污泥的固化填埋或建材化利用等后续处置方式,采用FeCl3与生石灰、粉煤灰两种骨架构建体为主要成分的无机复合调理剂对市政污泥进行调理.通过污泥真空抽滤、离心脱水及比阻测定实验,分别确定FeCl3、生石灰、粉煤灰的优化投加量为2.0 g.L-1、20.0 g.L-1、30.0 g.L-1.在优化投加量下,污泥比阻可降到...     

高效聚合氯化铝在石油化工污水回收处理中的应用

通过絮凝性能比较以及中试规模的应用，表明高效聚合氯化铝具有用量少，污泥少，除浊率高，对出水ｐＨ影响小等优点，是石油化工污水回用处理中的理想絮凝剂。     

聚合氯化铝与有机机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性及其絮凝作用

用流动电流技术研究了聚合氯化铝与不同类型有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性。并用ζ电位分析仪结合混凝烧杯实验研究了不同碱化度（Ｂ）的ＰＡＣ与阳离子型有机高分子Ｃ１０９Ｐ复合絮凝剂的电中和水体颗粒物的能力与絮凝效能的关系。     

聚合氯化铝与有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性及其絮凝作用

用流动电流技术研究了聚合氯化铝(PAC)与不同类型有机高分子复合絮凝剂的电荷特性,并用ζ电位分析仪结合混凝烧杯实验研究了不同碱化度(B)的PAC与阳离子型有机高分子C109P复合絮凝剂的电中和水体颗粒物的能力与絮凝效能的关系,对无机-有机复合型絮凝剂中有机高分子在凝聚絮凝过程中所起的作用进行了讨论.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺联合稻壳粉调理城市污泥脱水的研究

实验研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)联合稻壳粉在污泥调理脱水中的应用。以污泥比阻(SRF)和污泥净产率(YN)作为污泥脱水性能的主要参考指标,优化CPAM与稻壳粉联合调理污泥的投加顺序以及投加量。结果表明,当CPAM的投加量为5.01 g/kg污泥干重,稻壳粉的投加量为50%污泥干重时,污泥的脱水性能达到最优,与单独投加CPAM相比,污泥比阻由原来的13.3×10~9m/kg降低为4×10~9m/kg,污泥净产率由原来的65.96 kg/(m^2·h)升高为226.95 kg/(m^2·h)。通过污泥滤液Zeta电位、污泥泥饼微观结构以及可压缩性系数分析CPAM联合稻壳粉调理污泥的机理,表明稻壳粉本身不具有电荷中和作用,其主要作用在于改变污泥泥饼的微观结构,使污泥内部形成一个多孔和多通道的骨架结构,从而有效提高污泥的脱水性能。     

壳聚糖/膨润土复合絮凝剂处理染料废水的研究

利用壳聚糖/钠基膨润土复合絮凝剂对活性艳红X3B等11种染料模拟废水及实际印染废水进行絮凝脱色处理。考察了复合絮凝剂投加量、pH值、搅拌速率、搅拌时间等因素对模拟染料废水絮凝脱色的影响。结果表明,在染料浓度为100 mg.L-1,pH为5的条件下,复合絮凝剂投加量为1.25 g.L-1时,3种质量比的复合絮凝剂对活性艳红X3B的脱色率分别达到75%、90%和97%以上;质量比为1∶10的壳聚糖/钠基膨润土复合絮凝剂,对其它活性、还原性、分散性、水溶性等8种印染厂常用染料也具有很好的絮凝脱色作用,脱色率均可达94%以上。对印染废水处理厂进水口废水和经过A/O处理后废水的色度去除率和COD去除率分别可以达到81.05%、83.74%和53.21%、41.22%,具有一定的应用前景。     

壳聚糖复合絮凝剂在城市生活污水处理中的应用

研究了壳聚糖复合絮凝剂在不同来源的城市生活污水处理中的应用 ,确定了壳聚糖复合絮凝剂在城市生活污水处理中的最佳投加量 ,即 :最佳投加量 (mg·l- 1)∶原水COD (mg·l- 1) =1∶8 2— 8 7和最佳pH =7;它与传统的絮凝剂PAC同比 ,COD去除率提高 7— 1 3% ,SS去除率提高 3— 1 0 % ,[Al3 + ]下降 6 1— 85 % ,药剂加量减少76— 82 % .     

Recovering humic substances from the dewatering effluent of thermally treated sludge and its performance as an organic fertilizer

The biologic treatment of the dewatering effluent from thermally treated sludge is difficult due to the high concentration of refractory humic substances. On the other hand, humic substances are an important source of organic fertilizer. In this study, a novel process using ferric coagulant was developed to recover humic substances from dewatering effluent for use as an organic fertilizer. When ferric coagulant was applied to raw dewatering effluent, up to 70% of humic substances were enmeshed by hydrolyzed ferric ions at an optimum pH of 4.5. The proper mass ratio of iron ions to humic substances was 0.6. In the recovered material, humic substances accounted for 24.2% of the total dry solids, and the amount of phosphorus (equivalent phosphorus pentoxide) was 6.2%. Heavy metals and other components all met the legal requirements for organic fertilizer. When the recovered material was applied to soybeans, the germination and growth of the seeds was significantly improved.     

微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水的实验研究

实验采用微波－混凝法处理滇池高藻原水,考察了混凝剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量、进水pH值、微波功率及辐照时间对除藻去浊效果的影响,并与单一混凝的处理效果进行了对比。结果表明：在PAC投加量为80mg／L、进水pH值为8—9、微波功率为600W、辐照时间为1．5min的条件下除藻去浊效果最佳,除藻率达94．4％,剩余浊度可从89NTU降到3NTU左右;微波－混凝法对滇池高藻原水的处理效果明显优于单一混凝,同时可降低混凝剂用量,具有良好的强化混凝效果。     

聚合铝基复合混凝剂残余铝及混凝性能的初步研究

以不同碱化度(B)的聚合氯化铝(PAC)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物(PDMDAAC)制备聚合氯化铝-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵均聚物复合混凝剂(PAC-PDMDAAC)，试验了其处理模拟水的除浊效果及水体的残余铝量。结果表明：PAG-PDMDAAC较PAC具有更低的投加量，更好的除浊效果，处理后水体具有更低的残余铝量。B和PDMDAAC质量百分含量(P％)对PAC-PDMDAAC除浊效果及水体的残余铝量有不同程度的影响。     

高浓度PASC复合混凝剂的混凝动力学研究

以铝酸钠为碱化剂,合成了具有不同 Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝复合混凝剂(PASC),采用透光率脉动检测技术并结合混凝效能和Zeta电位的测定结果,对PASC以及聚合氯化铝(PAC)、参比PACref在混凝过程中絮集物形成和增长的变化差异作了对比研究.结果表明,混凝过程中,Zeta电位、剩余浊度以及混凝指数密切相关.采用铝酸钠为碱化剂合成并引入硅酸钠的混凝剂,有利于提高凝聚速度和絮集物颗粒大小.在Si/Al摩尔比为0.10时处理效果达到最佳.     

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness and statistical optimization

In this work, the enhanced dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectiveness and statistical optimization. Response surface method （RSM） and central composite design （CCD） were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of important operational parameters, i.e., H202 concentrations, Fe2＋ concentrations and initial pH values. A significant quadratic polynomial model was obtained （R2= 0.9189） with capillary suction time （CST） reduction efficiency as the response. Numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out. The optimum values for H202, Fe2, and initial pH were found to be 178 mg-g-1 VSS （volatile suspended solids）, 211mg.gI VSS and 3.8, respectively, at which CST reduction efficiency of 98.25% could be achieved. This complied well with those predicted by the established polynomial model. The results indicate that Fenton pretreatment is an effective technique for advanced waste activated sludge dewatering. The enhancement of sludge dewaterability by Fenton＇s reagent lies in the migration of sludge bound water due to the disintegration of sludge flocs and microbial cells lysis.     

Evaluation of activated sludge properties’ changes in industrial-wastewater pre-treatment: role of residual aluminum hydrolyzed species with different polymerization degree

● Medium poly Al salts dominated the PAC residual salts with a rational dosage. ● Settlement flocculation effect under medium poly Al salts showed a better trend. ● Complex of medium poly Al salts and enzymes promoted cell activity. ● Medium poly Al salts were beneficial to the effluent indexes. With the widespread introduction of pre-coagulation prior to the biological unit in various industrial wastewater treatments, it is noteworthy that long-term accumulation of residual coagulants has certains effect on both micro and macro characteristics of activated sludge (AS). In this study, the morphology distributions of residual aluminum salts (RAS) and their effects on the removal efficiency of AS were investigated under different PAC concentrations. The results showed that the dominance of medium polymeric RAS, formed under an appropriate PAC dose of 20 mg/L enhanced the hydrophobicity, flocculation, and sedimentation performances of AS, as well as the enzymatic activity in cells in the sludge system, improving the main pollutants removal efficiency of the treatment system. Comparatively the species composition with monomer and dimer / high polymer RAS as the overwhelming parts under an over-dosed PAC concentration of 55 mg/L resulted in excessive secretion of EPS with loose flocs structure and conspicuous inhibition of cellular activity, leading to the deterioration of physico-chemical and biological properties of AS. Based on these findings, this study can shed light on the role of the RAS hydrolyzed species distributions, closely relevant to Al dosage, in affecting the comprehensive properties of AS and provide a theoretical reference for coagulants dosage precise control in the pretreatment of industrial wastewater.     

Flocculation behaviors of a novel papermaking sludge-based flocculant in practical printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

•PSBF performed better than PAC and PAM in CODCr removals. •PSBF was more insensitive to changing pH than PAC and PAM. •PAC could remove humic acid-like pollutants and dye particles. •PSBF was efficient in removing tryptophan-like pollutants from PPDW. •A secondary coagulation-flocculation process (PAC→PSBF) is proposed here. In our previous studies, several papermaking sludge-based flocculants (PSBFs) were synthesized from wood pulp papermaking sludge. The structure-activity relationships of the PSBFs have been investigated in simulated dye wastewater treatment, but their efficiencies in practical printing and dyeing wastewater (PPDW) treatment are unknown. Herein, an PSBF was prepared, and its performance is discussed in comparison to polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) in PPDW treatment. The PSBF was used in three ways: as an independent flocculant, as a PAC aid, or used to treat the effluent of the PAC system. The results indicated that adding PSBF alone produced similar color and chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) removals as the PAC system alone, but PSBF performed better than PAC when the pH of PPDW was higher than 7.0. Adding PSBF as a PAC aid improved the color, COD_Cr and turbidity removals, but the elimination efficiencies were slightly lower than those of the PAC+ PAM system. However, when PSBF was used as a flocculant to treat the effluent of the PAC system (PAC→PSBF), the effluent qualities were enhanced. Compared with the PAC system, the color and COD_Cr removals of PAC→PSBF system increased by 16.21% and 13.26%, respectively. The excitation and emission matrix fluorescence results indicated that PSBF removed tryptophan-like pollutants more efficiently than PAC. Considering the pH requirements of the subsequent bioreactor treatment in practice, the PAC→PSBF system were also investigated at the PPDW pH level of 7.0. Its maximum removal efficiencies of color, COD_Cr and turbidity were 90.17%, 32.60% and 82.50%, respectively.     

A review on sustainable reuse applications of Fenton sludge during wastewater treatment

• The sustainable approaches related to Fenton sludge reuse systems are summarized. • Degradation mechanism of Fenton sludge heterogeneous catalyst is deeply discussed. • The efficient utilization directions of Fenton sludge are proposed. The classical Fenton oxidation process (CFOP) is a versatile and effective application that is generally applied for recalcitrant pollutant removal. However, excess iron sludge production largely restricts its widespread application. Fenton sludge is a hazardous solid waste, which is a complex heterogeneous mixture with Fe(OH)₃, organic matter, heavy metals, microorganisms, sediment impurities, and moisture. Although studies have aimed to utilize specific Fenton sludge resources based on their iron-rich characteristics, few reports have fully reviewed the utilization of Fenton sludge. As such, this review details current sustainable Fenton sludge reuse systems that are applied during wastewater treatment. Specifically, coagulant preparation, the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source in the Fenton process and as a synthetic heterogeneous catalyst/adsorbent, as well as the application of the Fenton sludge reuse system as a heterogeneous catalyst for resource utilization. This is the first review article to comprehensively summarize the utilization of Fenton sludge. In addition, this review suggests future research ideas to enhance the cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and large-scale feasibility of Fenton sludge applications.