间种高粱及施用大颗粒尿素对茶园N2O排放的影响

茶园施肥量大、氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放系数高,且近年来我国茶园面积不断扩大,使茶园成为重要的农业N_2O排放源,亟需有效的茶园N_2O减排措施.本研究在我国中亚热带典型丘陵茶园,通过设置间种高粱、施用大颗粒尿素和常规施肥3种管理措施,观测不同管理措施下茶园土壤N_2O及相关环境因子动态,旨在解析茶园土壤N_2O排放的主控因子和明确提出的减排措施的有效性. 2 a的田间试验结果表明:①茶园土壤N_2O排放通量与土壤化学性质、温度及降雨有显著的相关性,土壤物理性质和土壤化学性质的交互作用对N_2O排放影响最大,土壤化学性质中的NO~-_3-N含量是决定N_2O排放量大小的最主要因素,茶园土壤N_2O减排研究的工作重点在于如何减小土壤中的NO~-_3-N含量;②间种高粱在未影响茶叶产量的前提下减少了51.2%的N_2O排放,从缓解全球气候变暖角度看,间种高粱是本研究中最佳的茶园管理措施;③施用大颗粒尿素在提高29.5%的茶叶产量同时减少了34.7%的N_2O排放,从兼顾经济效益及缓解全球气候变暖的角度看,茶园中施用大颗粒尿素则是本研究中最佳的施肥措施.     

农田土壤施用系列新型氮肥后气态氮(NH3和N2O)减排效果比较:以夏玉米季为例

为了解不同品种新型氮肥相对常规施肥其氨(NH3)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的减排效果,本文通过田间原位试验同步研究了夏玉米生长季氮肥施用后的农田NH_3挥发和N_2O排放及其主要驱动因子.以常规施肥(复合肥+尿素,CK)为对照,设置了5个肥料处理,分别为脲铵氮肥(UA)、稳定性复合肥料(UHD)、硫包衣氮肥(SCU)、脲甲醛复合肥(UF)和有机肥(OF),施氮量(以N计)均为300 kg·hm~(-2).相关分析结果表明,氨挥发和N_2O排放受环境因子影响,均与土壤WFPS呈显著负相关(P0.05),N_2O排放还与土壤硝态氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01).进一步回归分析表明,N_2O排放(F_(N_2O))主要取决于土壤硝态氮(x)含量的变化,而氨挥发(F_(NH_3))主要取决于土壤铵态氮(x)含量的变化.与CK相比,除了UA,其它肥料处理都降低了土壤的氨挥发,尤其是UF和OF处理减少了37%~43%.但对于N_2O排放,所有处理与CK皆无显著差异.进一步计算每种处理氨挥发和N_2O的气态氮损失总量,与CK相比,UHD、SCU、UF和OF分别减排了9%、5%、30%和23%,而UA增加了3%.     

不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响

以东北耕作黑土为对象,在25℃和60%最大持水量(WHC)条件下开展为期7 d的室内培养试验,研究了不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响.结果表明,与不施肥对照处理相比,单施氮肥对土壤呼吸释放的CO_2没有影响,而在施用氮肥的基础上配施有机物料使得CO_2排放量提高了一个数量级,氮肥配施秸秆对CO_2排放的促进效果大于氮肥配施猪粪.短期培养时间内施用氮肥对N_2O排放没有显著影响,硝化作用是对照处理和单施氮肥处理土壤排放N_2O的主要过程.与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥配施猪粪或秸秆显著促进了反硝化过程,使得N_2O排放量提高了两个数量级,氮肥配施秸秆处理的N_2O排放量显著大于氮肥配施猪粪处理.单施氮肥抑制了CH_4的排放,表现为对CH_4的微量吸收,而氮肥配施猪粪或秸秆则显著促进了CH_4的排放.     

黄土高原地区两种土地利用方式CO2和N2O排放特征

为探究黄土高原地区两种不同土地利用方式下二氧化碳(CO_2)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放特征,在长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,分别以15 a树龄的果园和麦田为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对土壤CO_2和N_2O的排放进行了周年(2017年7月～2018年7月)田间原位观测.试验共设置果园施肥(AF)、果园对照(ACK)、小麦施肥(WF)和小麦对照(WCK)这4个处理.结果表明,土壤CO_2和N_2O排放随季节变化明显,降雨和施肥后均出现明显排放峰.AF处理的CO_2和N_2O累积排放量比WF处理高7. 14%和461. 4%.但ACK的CO_2累积排放量比WCK低10. 41%,而N_2O的累计排放量比WCK高109. 5%.果园N_2O的排放通量与表层土壤温度、水分显著正相关(P 0. 01),果园和麦田的CO_2排放通量均与表层土壤温度显著正相关(P 0. 05),而与表层土壤水分相关性不显著.因此,田间管理和环境因素综合影响土壤CO_2和N_2O排放,施肥量和土壤水热是造成两种土地利用方式CO_2和N_2O的排放特征和温室效应差异的主要因素.     

华中地区水旱轮作模式下水稻季施氮肥对油菜季施氮肥土壤N2O排放的影响

设置了水稻季与油菜季均不施用氮肥(N0-0);水稻季施用氮肥150 kg·hm-2(以N计,下同),油菜季不施用氮肥(N150-0);水稻季与油菜季均施用氮肥150 kg·hm-2(N150-150);水稻季不施用氮肥,油菜季施用氮肥150 kg·hm-2(N0-150)4种施肥处理,采用静态箱/气相色谱法对旱作油菜季N_2O的排放进行了原位观测(2016年9月—2017年4月),研究了华中地区水旱轮作模式下水稻季施肥对油菜季土壤N_2O排放的影响.结果表明,油菜季N_2O排放主要集中在施基肥后1周内.N0-0、N150-0、N150-150和N0-150处理N_2O排放通量变化范围分别为-10.81~181.26、-20.48~95.61、-8.87~638.56和-21.76~827.86μg·m-2·h-1,平均排放通量分别为4.58、3.89、21.06和27.24μg·m-2·h-1,N_2O累积排放量分别为0.20、0.17、0.92和1.19 kg·hm-2,施氮肥处理(N150-150和N0-150)N_2O排放量显著高于不施氮肥处理(N0-0、N150-0)(p0.05).N150-150和N0-150处理N_2O排放通量与土壤孔隙充水率(WFPS)具有显著正相关关系(p0.05);N150-150和N0-150处理N_2O排放通量与土壤可溶性有机氮(DON)和无机氮(NO-3-N和NH+4-N)具有显著正相关关系(p0.01).以上结果表明,油菜季N_2O排放与稻季施用氮肥无关,施氮肥对土壤活性氮含量的影响是导致N_2O排放差异的主要原因,而土壤孔隙充水率也是影响油菜季N_2O排放的重要环境因子.     

水肥气耦合对温室番茄地土壤N2O排放及番茄产量的影响

为揭示水肥气耦合对温室番茄地土壤N_2O排放的影响,提出适宜的温室番茄增产减排措施,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法监测土壤N_2O的排放,分析水肥气耦合条件下土壤温度、灌溉水利用效率(WFPS)、NO~-_3-N、O_2含量的变化规律以及N_2O排放的影响机制.加气条件下设两个灌水水平0.6 W和1.0 W(分别代表亏缺40%灌溉和充分灌溉,W代表充分灌水时的灌水量)和3个施氮水平(120、 180和240 kg·hm~(-2),分别代表低、中和高氮,以50%F、 75%F和F表示,其中F为当地推荐施氮量),以不加气充分灌溉(O为加气灌溉,CK为常规滴灌)条件下3种施肥水平为对照,共9个处理.结果表明,充分灌溉(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)的N_2O累积排放量较亏缺灌溉(W1F1O、W1F2O和W1F3O)处理平均增加了55.7%(P0.05);高氮条件下(W1F3O、W2F3O和W2F3CK)土壤N_2O排放较中氮和低氮平均增大13.4%和43.8%(P0.05),充分灌溉条件下加气处理(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)较相应不加气处理(W2F1CK、W2F2CK和W2F3CK)N_2O排放平均增加11.2%(P0.05).加气、施氮量和灌水量的增加可增加番茄产量和单产N_2O排放量.高氮处理番茄产量和单产N_2O排放量较中氮处理分别增加了12.5%(P0.05)和3.9%(P0.05),高氮处理番茄产量和单产N_2O排放量较低氮处理显著增加了30.4%和9.6%(P0.05),加气充分灌溉较加气亏缺灌溉处理番茄产量和单产N_2O排放量分别显著增加了29.7%和18.7%(P0.05),加气处理(W2F1O、W2F2O和W2F3O)较不加气处理产量(W2F1CK、W2F2CK和W2F3CK)平均增加了10.4%(P0.05),单产N_2O排放量增加但不显著.灌水量增加、施肥量降低、加气均可显著增大肥料偏生产力,减小灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE).综合考虑N_2O累积排放量、作物产量、氮肥利用效率、IWUE和单产N_2O排放量,得出加气低氮充分灌溉为较优的管理模式.本研究结果为温室番茄的增产减排提供了一定的参考.     

有机无机肥配施对不同程度盐渍土N2O排放的影响

选取内蒙古河套灌区轻度盐渍土S_1(EC为0.46 dS·m~(-1))及中度盐渍土S_2(EC为1.07 dS·m~(-1))为研究对象,在等施氮量条件下,采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同有机无机肥配施比例:CK(不施肥)、U_1(240 kg·hm~(-2)化肥)、U_3O_1(180 kg·hm~(-2)化肥+60 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥)、U_1O_1(120 kg·hm~(-2)化肥+120 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥)、U_1O_3(60 kg·hm~(-2)化肥+180 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥)和O_1(240 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥)对春玉米农田土壤N_2O排放的影响,旨在明确不同施肥策略下土壤N_2O排放特征,为制定盐渍化农田合理的减排措施提供理论依据.结果表明, 2种不同程度盐渍化土壤N_2O排放存在显著差异,同一处理S_2土壤N_2O排放总量较S_1土壤高出11.86%～47.23%(P0.05).各施肥处理对土壤N_2O排放通量影响趋势基本一致,即施肥后出现排放高峰,基肥和追肥后累积排放量占整个生育期排放量60%左右.适当施入有机肥可以显著降低土壤N_2O排放,S_1和S_2盐渍土分别以U_1O_1及O_1处理N_2O排放量最小,较U_1处理显著降低33.62%和28.51%(P0.05),同时可以获得较高的玉米产量.各施肥处理N_2O排放通量与土壤NH~+_4-N呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),而与土壤NO~-_3-N含量呈负相关关系,表明硝化作用是盐渍化玉米农田N_2O产生的主要途径,配施有机肥可以持续减少土壤NH~+_4-N供给而减少N_2O的排放.从玉米产量及减少温室效应的角度,得到本地区适宜的施肥管理模式:轻度盐渍土为120 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥+120 kg·hm~(-2)化肥,中度盐渍土为240 kg·hm~(-2)有机肥.     

不同施肥方式下紫色土N2O与NOx的排放特征

利用紫色土长期施肥试验平台,采用静态箱-气相色谱法开展紫色土"冬小麦-夏玉米"轮作系统N_2O和NO_x排放的连续两周年(2014年11月~2016年9月)定位观测.研究了氮肥总量相同条件下的常规氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、猪厩肥(OM)、秸秆还田配施氮磷钾化肥(RSDNPK)、猪厩肥配施氮磷钾化肥(OMNPK)和氮磷钾化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)等施肥方式对N_2O和NO_x排放的影响,短期不施肥处理(CK)作为排放系数计算的对照.结果表明,所有施肥方式下紫色土N_2O排放峰均出现在施肥初期和大降雨过程期;NO_x排放过程与N_2O类似,排放峰出现在施肥初期,但强降雨期未出现明显排放峰.NPK、OM、RSDNPK、OMNPK和DCDNPK处理的N_2O年均累积排放量分别为:1.35、4.38、1.43、2.46、0.92 kg·hm~(-2),排放系数分别为:0.33%、1.41%、0.36%、0.73%、0.18%;相应处理的NO_x年均累积排放量分别为:0.11、0.38、0.10、0.27、0.04kg·hm~(-2),排放系数分别为:0.03%、0.13%、0.03%、0.09%、0.01%.较常规化肥,增加有机物料如施用猪厩肥和猪厩肥配施氮磷钾肥分别显著增加226%和83%的N_2O排放(P0.01),同时NO_x排放分别显著增加262%和157%(P0.01);常规化肥配合硝化抑制剂(DCDNPK)使用减少32%的N_2O排放和62%的NO_x排放(P0.01),秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥对N_2O排放略有增加(P0.05),NO_x排放略有减少(P0.05).统计分析进一步表明,土壤无机氮含量是N_2O和NO_x二者排放的主控因子,而土壤孔隙充水率与温度分别作为N_2O与NO_x各自排放的主控因子之一.     

设施菜地N_2O释放特征及其土壤环境影响因素

设施菜地是农田生态系统N_2O排放的重要来源。本试验选取设施番茄菜地为研究对象,探讨在不同形态氮肥以及温度和季节变化时,N_2O的释放规律及影响其释放的相关主要因子。结果表明:施肥对N_2O排放影响显著,N_2O通量随施肥量增加而增加,且不同氮肥处理的N_2O释放速率为UN(酰胺态氮)AN(铵态氮)NN(硝态氮)。随着温度从5℃上升到30℃,N_2O排放峰值由73.07 mg·h-1·m-2增加到133.43 mg·h-1·m-2,但温度继续增加,N_2O排放量有所下降。此外,与无作物种植的设施菜地相比,番茄设施菜地的N_2O排放通量较低,该现象在施加NN时尤为明显,说明番茄对N_2O有一定的吸收作用。     

减氮及不同肥料配施对稻田CH_4和N_2O排放的影响

为比较不同施肥处理的温室气体减排效果,采用田间试验研究了7种肥料处理包括减氮增钾(N190CF+U+K)、减氮追施脲铵(N230CF+UA)、配方施肥(N230CF+U)、有机无机配施(N230O_(F+U))、稳定性复合肥(N230_(UHD))、脲甲醛(N230_(UF))和常规施肥(N270_(CF+U))条件下稻田CH_4和N_2O的排放特及主要环境驱动因子变化.结果表明:不同施肥处理CH_4排放总量范围为78.61~181.96kg/hm~2,除N230_(UHD)处理外,其他施肥处理较N270_(CF+U)减排CH4_达32.0%~49.6%,以N230_(CF+UA_处理减排效果最好;各施肥处理N_2O累积排放量为0.28~0.46kg/hm~2,除N230_(CF+UA)处理外,其他施肥处理减少N_2O排放15.4%~38.6%,以N230_(OF+U)最佳.此外,稻田N_2O排放与田面水中NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量呈显著性正相关(P0.05),CH_4排放与水深以及土壤温度均呈现极显著正相关性(P0.01),而与土壤NH_4+~-N呈显著负相关(P0.05).进一步计算100a尺度下CH_4和N_2O的增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)可知,除N230_(UHD)处理外,其他施肥处理GWP均低于常规施肥处理,减排效果达32.2%~47.9%;N230_(CF+UA)、N230_(OF+U)、N190_(CF+U+K)以及N230_(UF)处理均能实现稳产减排,其中以N230_(CF+UA)和N230_(OF+U)处理GHGI较低,GHGI减少比例高达40%以上.     

烷烃条件下CF2ClBr的紫外光解离机理研究

以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段,对气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在ＣＲ２ＣｌＢｒ－Ｃ６Ｈ１２体系中的紫外光解离进行了研究,结果表明,在２５３．７ｎｍ紫外光照射下,该体系的主要光解产物为ＨＣＶＦ２Ｃｌ、ＨＢｒ以及Ｃ６Ｈ１２的聚合物,体系中ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的解离近似精同缀反应,解离反应的速率常数为２．８７７×１０＾－６ｓ＾－１表观量子产率约０．１,基于此,对该光解反应的机理做了分析。     

添加不同 N源条件下典型除草剂对土壤呼吸和 N2O排放的影响

通过室内土壤培养实验,采用间歇密闭培养-气相色谱法研究了添加不同N源条件下我国典型旱地除草剂对农田土壤呼吸和N2O排放的影响.结果表明,在添加（NH4）2SO4氮源条件下,莠去津和百草枯对土壤呼吸和N2O排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）.草甘膦显著抑制了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,是对照的78.5%,N2O的排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）,仅表现为均值降低了20.1%.苯磺隆显著促进了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,是对照的1.1倍,对N2O排放也无显著影响（P〉0.05）.乙草胺显著促进了土壤呼吸和N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,分别是对照的1.1和1.5倍.在添加尿素的条件下,莠去津和乙草胺对土壤呼吸和N2O排放无显著影响（P〉0.05）.百草枯显著促进了N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,是对照的1.4倍,却对土壤呼吸无显著影响（P〉0.05）.草甘膦显著抑制了土壤呼吸（P〈0.05）,仅为对照的82.5%,对N2O的排放却无显著影响（P〉0.05）.苯磺隆显著促进了土壤呼吸和N2O的排放（P〈0.05）,其分别是对照的1.3和1.6倍.鉴于不同除草剂对不同微生物生理代谢影响的复杂性,其对温室气体的作用和影响还需长期田间试验研究.     

富氧条件下SnO2/Al2O3催化剂上丙烯选择性还原NOx的研究

考察了分别用浸渍法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备的SnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂上丙烯选择性还原NO_x的催化活性,发现制备方法与Sn的负载量对其活性有重要影响.溶胶-凝胶法制备的SnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂活性最高,Sn的最佳负载量为5%.与浸渍法和共沉淀法制备的5%SnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂相比,溶胶-凝胶法制备的5%SnO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂受水蒸汽的抑制作用较弱,并且在水和SO₂共存的条件下活性最高.此外,反应气中丙烯及氧气浓度的增加有利于NO_x转化率的提高.     

Synthesis of polyaluminum chloride with a membrane reactor: Process characteristics and membrane fouling

Polyaluminum chloride was synthesized with a membrane reactor, and the process characteristics, membrane fouling and cleaning were investigated.     

Sulfur evolution in chemical looping combustion of coal with MnFe2O4 oxygen carrier

Chemical looping combustion （CLC） of coal has gained increasing attention as a novel combustion technology for its advantages in CO2 capture. Sulfur evolution from coal causes great harm from either the CLC operational or environmental perspective. In this research, a combined MnFe2O4 oxygen carrier （OC） was synthesized and its reaction with a typical Chinese high sulfur coal, Liuzhi （LZ） bituminous coal, was performed in a thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA）-Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectrometer. Evolution of sulfur species during reaction of LZ coal with MnFeaO40C was systematically investigated through experimental means combined with thermodynamic simulation. TGA-FTIR analysis of the LZ reaction with MnFe2O4 indicated MnFe2O4 exhibited the desired superior reactivity compared to the single reference oxides Mn304 or Fe203, and SO2 produced was mainly related to oxidization of H2S by MnFe2O4. Experimental analysis of the LZ coal reaction with MnFe2O4, including X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, verified that the main reduced counterparts of MnFe2O4 were Fe304 and MnO, in good agreement with the related thermodynamic simulation. The obtained MnO was beneficial to stabilize the reduced MnFe2O4 and avoid serious sintering, although the oxygen in MnO was not fully utilized. Meanwhile, most sulfur present in LZ coal was converted to solid MnS during LZ reaction with MnFe2O4, which was further oxidized to MnSO4. Finally, the formation of both MnS and such manganese silicates as Mn2SiO4 and MnSiO3 should be addressed to ensure the full regeneration of the reduced MnFe2O4.     

Co3O4/BiVO4复合阳极活化过一硫酸盐强化光电催化降解双酚A

采用静电纺丝法制备了Co_3O_4/BiVO_4复合薄膜电极,并以之为光阳极,在过一硫酸盐(PMS)辅助作用下开展了光电催化降解双酚A研究.结果表明,PMS在可见光下可显著强化Co_3O_4/BiVO_4复合阳极光电催化降解双酚A,在0.25 V外加偏压以及可见光照射下,当加入2 mmol·L-1PMS时,双酚A在2 h内的降解效率为96%.降解动力学常数为0.471 4 min-1.系统研究了PMS初始浓度、外加偏压对双酚A降解性能的影响.结果发现,双酚A在较低的PMS投加量和较低的外加偏压(0.25 V)下即可有效降解.采用电子自旋共振波谱仪鉴定体系的主要活性自由基为SO·-4和·OH.并进一步通过淬灭实验结果证明空穴、SO·-4和·OH起主要氧化作用.光电反应后的体系中未检测到金属离子溶出,可避免二次污染.     

The oxycoal process with cryogenic oxygen supply

Due to its large reserves, coal is expected to continue to play an important role in the future. However, specific and absolute CO₂ emissions are among the highest when burning coal for power generation. Therefore, the capture of CO₂ from power plants may contribute significantly in reducing global CO₂ emissions. This review deals with the oxyfuel process, where pure oxygen is used for burning coal, resulting in a flue gas with high CO₂ concentrations. After further conditioning, the highly concentrated CO₂ is compressed and transported in the liquid state to, for example, geological storages. The enormous oxygen demand is generated in an air-separation unit by a cryogenic process, which is the only available state-of-the-art technology. The generation of oxygen and the purification and liquefaction of the CO₂-enriched flue gas consumes significant auxiliary power. Therefore, the overall net efficiency is expected to be lowered by 8 to 12 percentage points, corresponding to a 21 to 36% increase in fuel consumption. Oxygen combustion is associated with higher temperatures compared with conventional air combustion. Both the fuel properties as well as limitations of steam and metal temperatures of the various heat exchanger sections of the steam generator require a moderation of the temperatures during combustion and in the subsequent heat-transfer sections. This is done by means of flue gas recirculation. The interdependencies among fuel properties, the amount and the temperature of the recycled flue gas, and the resulting oxygen concentration in the combustion atmosphere are investigated. Expected effects of the modified flue gas composition in comparison with the air-fired case are studied theoretically and experimentally. The different atmosphere resulting from oxygen-fired combustion gives rise to various questions related to firing, in particular, with regard to the combustion mechanism, pollutant reduction, the risk of corrosion, and the properties of the fly ash or the deposits that form. In particular, detailed nitrogen and sulphur chemistry was investigated by combustion tests in a laboratory-scale facility. Oxidant staging, in order to reduce NO formation, turned out to work with similar effectiveness as for conventional air combustion. With regard to sulphur, a considerable increase in the SO₂ concentration was found, as expected. However, the H₂S concentration in the combustion atmosphere increased as well. Further results were achieved with a pilot-scale test facility, where acid dew points were measured and deposition probes were exposed to the combustion environment. Besides CO₂ and water vapour, the flue gas contains impurities like sulphur species, nitrogen oxides, argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The CO₂ liquefaction is strongly affected by these impurities in terms of the auxiliary power requirement and the CO₂ capture rate. Furthermore, the impurity of the liquefied CO₂ is affected as well. Since the requirements on the liquid CO₂ with regard to geological storage or enhanced oil recovery are currently undefined, the effects of possible flue gas treatment and the design of the liquefaction plant are studied over a wide range.     

Fe2O3 particles as superior catalysts for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

Fe203 particle catalysts were experimentally studied in the low temperature selective catalytic reduction （SCR） of NO with NH3. The effects of reaction temperature, oxygen concentration, [NH3]/[NO] molar ratio and residence time on SCR activity were studied. It was found that Fe203 catalysts had high activity for the SCR of NO with NH3 in a broad temperature range of 150-270℃, and more than 95% NO conversion was obtained at 180℃ when the molar ratio [NH3]/[NO] = 1, the residence time was 0.48 seconds and 02 volume fraction was 3%. In addition, the effect of SO2 on SCR catalytic activity was also investigated at the temperature of 180℃. The results showed that deactivation of the Fe2O3 particles occurred due to the presence of SO2 and the NO conversion decreased from 99.2% to 58% in 240 min, since SO2 gradually decreased the catalytic activity of the catalysts. In addition, X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the fresh and deactivated Fe2O3 catalysts. The results showed that the deactivation caused by SO2 was due to the formation of metal sulfates and ammonium sulfates on the catalyst surface during the de-NO reaction, which could cause pore plugging and result in suppression of the catalytic activity.     

纳米结构Fe3O4/Y2O3磁性颗粒的制备、表征及磷吸附行为研究

采用共沉淀法制备了一种新型铁钇氧化物(Fe3O4/Y2O3)磁性吸附剂,并对其表面特性及磷吸附行为进行了初步研究.扫描电镜(SEM)与X-射线衍射仪(XRD)表征结果表明,此吸附剂具有纳米结构,初级粒子平均粒径为15.2nm.振动样品磁强计(VSM)测得比饱和磁化强度为38.7emu·g-1,磁性较强,可方便地实现固液分离.吸附剂的等电点为6.8.磷吸附实验表明,25℃时,Langmuir吸附等温线可较好地拟合Fe3O4/Y2O3对溶液中磷的吸附(R2=0.989),最大吸附量(pH=5.0)为60.6mg·g-1(以P计);吸附速率较快,在120min内可完成吸附容量的80%以上,符合准二级动力学模型(R2=0.997);溶液pH对Fe3O4/Y2O3吸附磷的影响较为明显,离子强度则影响不大;共存阴离子对吸附影响的大小顺序为Cl-相似文献   

Photocatalytic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid with β-Ga2O3 in anoxic aqueous solution

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new-found hazardous persistent organic pollutant, and it is resistant to decomposition by hydroxyl radical (HO·) due to its stable chemical structure and the high electronegativity of fluorine. Photocatalytic reduction of PFOA with β-Ga₂O₃ in anoxic aqueous solution was investigated for the first time, and the results showed that the photoinduced electron (e_cb^-) coming from the β-Ga₂O₃ conduction band was the major degradation substance for PFOA, and shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs, C_nF_2n+1COOH, 1 ≤ n ≤ 6) were the dominant products. Furthermore, the concentration of F^- was measured by the IC technique and defluorination efficiency was calculated. After 3 hr, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was 98.8% and defluorination efficiency was 31.6% in the presence of thiosulfate and bubbling N₂. The degradation reaction followed first-order kinetics (k = 0.0239 min^-1, t_1/2 = 0.48 hr). PFCAs (C_nF_2n+1COOH, 1 ≤ n ≤ 7) were detected and measured by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods. It was deduced that the probable photocatalytic degradation mechanism involves e_cb^- attacking the carboxyl of C_nF_2n+1COOH, resulting in decarboxylation and the generation of C_nF_2n+1·. The produced C_nF_2n+1· reacted with H2O, forming C_nF_2n+1OH, then C_nF_2n+1OH underwent HF loss and hydrolysis to form C_nF_2n+1COOH.