灵泉煤矿粉尘浓度分布规律的实测研究

为解决大流量工序定点短时测尘结果与工人实际接尘情况存在差距的问题,本文对综放工作面粉尘浓度现场测量,应用全工班呼吸性粉尘监测方法进行测尘。在实测和分析的基础上,采用平均数、标准差、累计百分比等统计学方法对监测结果进行了深入的分析,得出了综放工作面粉尘浓度的分布规律。以一定初速度从滚筒割煤处抛出的粉尘,在风流作用力、重力、底板和煤壁的吸附以及对落尘的反弹作用下沿程扩散。靠近底板和煤壁处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是双峰型曲线,距底板和煤壁较远处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是单峰型曲线。按粉尘粒径大小,双峰型总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线可以分为两个区域,一个是可沉降的大颗粒粉尘为主的区域,另一个是难以沉降的微细颗粒粉尘为主的区域。从而有利于矿山管理者有的放矢地采取防尘措施,减少投资,提高效率,确保劳动者健康。     

综掘工作面气水联动除尘装置影响因素及应用效果分析

为掌握气水联动除尘装置影响因素及现场除尘效果,以便更好应用于现场实际。基于煤矿综掘工作面长压短抽通风控除尘系统,利用数值仿真和正交实验设计分析方法,系统研究除尘装置叶片参数、进风量和进风口位置等因素对除尘效果的影响规律。研究结果表明：叶片安装角为40°,扭转角为4°时,除尘器入口处负压值和进风量最大,而吸风口距工作面5 m、吸风量≥300 m³/min时的除尘效果较好。控除尘系统采用气水联动除尘装置后,各测点全尘除尘效率提高了40.8%～55.4%,呼吸性粉尘除尘效率提高了31.4%～41.3%,应用效果良好。     

废旧巷道对含尘气流自净特性的研究

着重研究了废旧巷道对含尘气流的自净特性,进而对利用旧巷自净进行受控循环通风的设想进行探讨;在对浓度场和流体场测试的基础上,建立了粒子在废旧巷道沉降的紊流弥散模型,对边界条件进行了正确的假设,得出了稳态时的自净效率公式;导出了风量与巷道体积的关系表达式。     

综采机组隔尘风帘的设计与应用效果研究

受民用建筑大门空气幕的启发 ,将“洁净空调技术”中的“洁净棚理论”,创新并应用于综采工作面的防尘工程 ,设计了能阻止采煤机在截煤过程中产生的呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散的隔尘装置——风帘。此革新装置的原理和作用是以形成透明的“空气幕墙”将采煤司机工作区与采煤机截煤区分隔 ,阻止呼吸性粉尘向司机处扩散。在邢台矿务局葛泉煤矿 132 6综采工作面进行的现场试验表明 :该装置对呼吸性粉尘有较好的隔尘效果 ,平均隔尘效率为 72 %以上。     

敞开式TBM施工隧道粉尘扩散及除尘系统研究

TBM掘进过程中产生大量粉尘，为了掌握粉尘的分布规律并优化除尘系统，以敞开式TBM为例，采用数值计算方法研究不同除尘风管位置，不同除尘风速和不同掘进面产尘量下的洞内粉尘浓度分布规律。研究结果表明:敞开式TBM隧道施工过程中，掘进面至除尘风管区域质量粉尘浓度较高，在除尘风管口后方区域下降到 2 mg/m3以下；除尘风管布置在距掘进面30 m位置处时，洞内沿程粉尘含量相对较大，除尘风管布置在距掘进面20 m位置处时洞内沿程及TBM支护区域粉尘含量相对较小；排风风速为15 m/s时，敞开式TBM支护区域粉尘质量浓度最小，排风风速为30 m/s时，该区域粉尘质量浓度最大；掘进面产尘量越大，洞内沿程及敞开式TBM支护区域粉尘质量浓度越大，不同产尘量下洞内粉尘浓度均在除尘风管后方达到规范限值以下。     

机掘工作面有效通风及其评价指标研究

就评价机掘工作面的有效通风提出了空气年龄、空气品质、换气效率、排污效率等概念,并分析给出了其指标的计算模型。有效通风指标不仅与空气年龄有关,而且与掘进工作面通风气流组织、污染物浓度及分布特性有关。提高机掘工作面空气品质,除了要提高换气排污效率外,还应有效地组织掘进工作面的通风气流     

Numerical investigation of powder aerosolization in a mining rock dust dispersion chamber

We have conducted numerical simulations of dust dispersion within the NIOSH Rock Dust Dispersion Chamber. The apparatus consists of a low-speed background ventilation flow down a long box in which is placed a tray containing a rock dust powder. A nozzle upstream of the tray introduces a short pulse of a turbulent horizontal jet flow just above the powder surface. We have utilized an incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes k-ω model for the turbulent flow; particles are incorporated within a one-way Euler-Lagrangian formalism. The Rock Dust Dispersion Chamber ventilation flow exhibits a recirculation zone just above the powder-containing tray. Aerosolization proceeds via the interplay of the jet pulse flow with the background recirculation flow. The air flow is not well-mixed. The aerosolized dust is convected as a concentration cloud downstream towards the detection zone. For larger particles, gravitational settling depletes the convected cloud, so the instrument behaves as a horizontal elutriator. The instrument is robust with respect to misalignment of the jet nozzle. However, reduced streamwise drift velocity allows mixing to disperse the optically detected dust cloud concentration pulse. Our large particle simulation results compare favorably with published experimental results for large, polydisperse calcium carbonate rock dust.     

基于全工班的煤矿呼吸性粉尘特点的研究

为解决大流量工序定点短时测尘结果与工人实际接尘情况存在差距的问题,本文以山西潞安集团漳村煤矿的综采、综掘、炮掘工作面为主要监测点,应用全工班呼吸性粉尘监测方法进行测尘。采用平均数、标准差、累计百分比等统计学方法对监测结果进行了深入的分析。对现有防尘措施从改善工人实际接尘情况的角度进行了评价,提出了合理化建议。从而有利于矿山管理者有的放矢地采取防尘措施,减少投资,提高效率,确保劳动者健康。     

金属矿山掘进巷道新型通风除尘系统研究与应用

为了减少掘进巷道的粉尘危害,以某金属矿掘进工作面为研究对象,经过现场调研和理论分析,研究开发了1种适合掘进巷道的新型通风除尘系统。介绍了新型通风除尘系统的结构和工作原理,并将该通风除尘系统应用于掘进巷道的粉尘治理,对该系统在掘进巷道的应用效果进行现场测定。研究结果表明:该通风除尘系统将压风筒布置在巷道中心位置的顶部,抽风筒布置在巷道两侧的呼吸带高度,使得掘进工作面的风流位置控制在1.5 m之下,保障了作业人员的职业健康。系统的湿式除尘风机对掘进巷道粉尘除尘效率达到了91%以上,彻底解决了掘进巷道粉尘污染问题。同时该系统能够实现按需通风除尘,净化后的风流可以循环利用,节能效果显著,在金属矿山掘进巷道生产系统具有较好的应用前景。     

Numerical simulation study of dust concentration distribution regularity in cavern stope

Based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow and the characteristics of cavern stope a model of dust migration was established. The dust concentration changing of cavern stope by ventilation in 20 min after blasting and the dust trajectory in different wind speed were simulated by Fluent Software. The results show that distribution of dust concentration is significantly affected by flow field of airway in cavern, and the dust concentration of inlet is higher than that of outlet and the highest one on the corner of inlet’s side. In the stope, the smaller the wind speed of inlet is, the shorter of dust can be captured, settled and discharged, the more obviously affected by the trajectory of gas flow field. It goes into the stage of clean cycle emissions after 60 s, the speed of dust concentration dropped is the biggest between 0 s and 70 s, the main dust in stope is respirable dust after 70 s, it needs much time to settlement.According to the measured data of metal mining, approximately 87% of dust was generated during the drilling and blasting in the mine (Wang, 1979). A lot of dust with high concentrations was produced during the cavern stope blasting and it was difficult to be discharged. It can help choose the right speed to rule out the dust quickly which produced during cavern blasting, if the dust concentration distribution and the dust migration law of different inlet velocity in the cavern can be verified, what’s more, the labor productivity can be increased. It has great significance for choosing reasonable ventilation parameters, reducing dust hazards of stope to researching the dust concentration distribution regularity in the stope.     

煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度影响因素分析

为了掌握煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度变化的影响因素,根据气固两相流理论,针对矿井掘进工作面的特点,采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）考察了掘进巷道风速、风筒直径、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离以及风筒的悬挂高度对粉尘浓度变化的影响。结果发现：当掘进巷道风速为0.25-4 m/s时,提高巷道内的通风风速,可以降低巷道内的粉尘浓度,缩短呼吸性粉尘浓度达到稳定的时间,减小工作面粉尘的危害;有利于通风除尘的风筒相关参数为风筒直径0.4-0.6 m、风筒出风口到掘进工作面距离6-7 m、风筒悬挂高度2.0-2.2 m。     

协同通风影响全断面隧道掘进机工作面岩尘分布规律研究

针对全断面掘进机施工过程中,产生大量岩尘影响施工人员工作环境的问题,采用理论分析、数值模拟与现场测定相结合的方法,以青岛地铁2号线全断面隧道掘进机工作面为对象,对协同通风影响全断面隧道掘进机工作面风流运移与岩尘污染分布规律进行研究。结果表明:在复合式通风模式和一定条件下,在隧道中段会形成由主通风与回风主导的耦合风场;当协同通风量(Qcv)从6 m3/s增大至12 m3/s时,产生的岩尘可控制在距掌子面77.2 m的范围内;当Qcv=8 m3/s时,岩尘最小扩散距离为44.7 m,工作区周围岩尘浓度约为30.1 mg/m3。     

基于FLUENT的炼钢电炉车间粉尘控制措施优化*

为降低炼钢电炉车间粉尘对作业人员的危害,通过对某钢铁厂电炉车间实际情况为研究背景,利用现场调研与数值模拟对炼钢电炉车间的粉尘空间分布以及粒子运动规律进行分析。在采用FLUENT粒子流场综合计算的理论基础上,利用DPM颗粒运动轨道中的离散运动模型,加载粒子相,并综合计算两相流,最终得到粒子的运动规律。通过分析逃逸扩散粉尘在不同空间分布中的情况以及扩散粉尘颗粒物逃逸率的情况,综合分析对车间环境造成的影响。结果表明:粉尘粒径越小,对气流的跟随性越好,排风口对粉尘的捕集效果越差;集气罩的安装位置距离污染源越近捕集效果越好;集气罩的尺寸越大对粉尘的捕集效果越好。     

Investigations into the influence of dustiness on dust explosions

A new safety characteristic the “dustiness” according to VDI 2263 – part 9 (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, 2008) is investigated. Dustiness means the tendency of a dust to form clouds. The paper deals with the influence of the dustiness on vented dust explosions. In order to look into the effects of the dustiness on dust cloud formation and explosion properties experiments and simulations in a vertical dust dispersion glass tube apparatus were carried out.Preliminary explosion experiments showed that the dustiness has an influence on the reduced explosion pressure in a vented 75 L test apparatus. Dusts with comparable p_max and K_St values and different dustiness were tested. Dusts with higher dustiness produced higher overpressures, despite comparable safety characteristics. In order to verify the results for applications in the process industries further tests with different settings are planned as well as industrial scale experiments. Characteristics of the dust such as particle size, density, specific surface area and particle shape, which influence the dispersibility, have been determined experimentally.The Euler/Lagrange and the Euler/Euler approaches are compared for simulating an exemplary dust/air mixture. Especially sedimentation and the ability of the approaches to simulate the tendency of dust to stay airborne were investigated. The Euler/Lagrange approach is better suited for simulating local dust concentrations, particle size distributions and particle forces. It could be used to point out regions of high dust concentrations in a vessel. With the Euler/Euler method it is possible to achieve fast solutions for one specified diameter, but the simulated dust/air mixtures are always more homogenous than in reality. ANSYS CFX version 13 was used in all simulations.     

煤矿综掘面泡沫降尘技术研究与实施

针对煤矿综掘面粉尘治理技术中存在的不足,采用泡沫降尘新技术结合长压短抽式通风方式进行粉尘防治。以霍尔辛赫矿为例,根据井下实际情况,利用GAMB IT和FLUENT建立掘进巷道的几何模型,并对巷道掘进通风过程中粉尘分布规律进行解算,将模拟结果和现场实测数据对比,确定掘进面回风侧的高浓度粉尘分布区。对掘进面煤样进行湿润性试验,确定最佳的发泡剂添加比例。综合以上情况,泡沫降尘技术实施时采用环形前置式喷头布置,发泡剂添加比例定为10‰,并在回风侧距掘进面5 m、距底板2 m处设置风筒,将高浓度粉尘抽出并沉降。现场实测数据显示,泡沫降尘技术降尘效率明显高于喷雾降尘技术。使用泡沫降尘时,在司机侧测得全尘及呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到75.4%和74.7%。     

矿山巷道三种机械局部通风方式的评价

在矿山巷道的掘进作业及隧道的导洞开挖等工程中，常采用局部机械通风，常见的通风方式有抽出式、压入式和混合式。这3种通风方式各有其特点，但从降低作业面粉尘浓度的角度尚未定量计算分析，在建立通风模型的基础上进行了数学分析，为选择合理的通风方式，确定合理通风量来确保工作面区域粉尘浓度达标，提供了理论论据。     

抽出式通风煤巷掘进过程中粉尘浓度分布规律的数值模拟

根据气固两相流理论，针对矿井掘进工作面的特点，采用计算流体力学的离散相模型（DPM）对掘进工作面通风过程中粉尘浓度进行数值模拟，总结抽出式通风掘进巷道中粉尘浓度的沿程分布及变化规律。     

高瓦斯煤层综放开采瓦斯与煤自燃综合治理研究

针对淮南潘三煤矿低透气性高瓦斯易自燃煤层综放开采的实际情况 ,笔者在综合分析影响综放面安全开采的瓦斯和煤自燃因素基础上 ,提出并实施了顶板走向长钻孔覆岩卸压瓦斯抽放、本煤层顺层孔卸压瓦斯抽放、尾巷抽放和排放等综合瓦斯治理措施 ,通过适时合理的工作面通风系统能位调整 ,合理配备工作面风量和控制采空区漏风量 ,解决了综放面回采时的瓦斯问题 ,有效控制了采空区煤炭自燃的发展 ,实现工作面的安全快速推进。实践证明 ,顶板走向长钻孔覆岩卸压瓦斯抽放是解决低透气煤层瓦斯抽放率低的有效方法 ,回采面的瓦斯抽放率在 30 %以上 ;尾抽和尾排是低透气性高瓦斯煤层安全生产的有效辅助措施 ,但其对工作面采空区煤炭自燃的“三带”有显著影响 ,影响的关键因素是通过采空区尾排及尾抽的混合流量。笔者提出的方法对类似条件的高瓦斯易自燃煤层综放安全开采有重要的指导意义。     

A numerical model for the prediction of the minimum ignition temperature of dust clouds

This paper presents a numerical model for the prediction of the minimum ignition temperature (MIT) of dust clouds. First, a physical model is developed for the dust cloud ignition in the Godbert-Greenwald furnace. A numerical approach is then applied for the MIT prediction based on the physical model. The model considers heat transfer between the air and dust particles, the dust particle reaction kinetics, and the residence times of dust clouds in the furnace. In general, for the 13 dusts studied, the calculated MIT data are in agreement with the experimental values. There is also great accordance between the experimental and numerical MIT variation trends against particle size. Two different ignition modes are discovered. The first one consists in ignition near the furnace wall for bigger particles characterized by rather short residence times. In the second mode, the ignition starts from the center of the furnace by self-heating of the dust cloud for smaller particles with longer residence times. For magnesium, as dust concentration increases, the lowest ignition temperature of the dust cloud IT(conc) decreases first, then transits to increase at a certain point. The transition happens at different dust concentrations for different particle sizes. Moreover, the MIT of the magnesium dust cloud generally increases as particle size increases, but the increasing trend stagnates within a certain medium particle size range.     

掘进面出风口风流与风幕调控下的粉尘分布响应曲面优化研究*

为了解决煤矿掘进面风筒出风口参数不能动态变化,而传统风幕全断面控尘效果不理想引起的粉尘浓度高等问题,通过分析风幕和出风口参数对粉尘分布规律的影响,以此得到合理的出风口风流与风幕综合调控方案,降低粉尘浓度。以陕西神木柠条塔煤矿N1212巷道为研究对象,利用Fluent软件建立出风口风流与风幕综合调控的粉尘场有限元模型,设计出风口风流及风幕综合调控响应曲面实验,得到最佳综合调控方案为:风幕射流出口宽度为0.16 m,风幕射流出口速度为6 m/s,出风口口径为0.9 m,出风口右偏角度为3°。搭建相似模拟实验平台来验证最佳综合调控方案,研究结果表明:调控后回风侧行人呼吸处和司机位置处粉尘平均浓度分别降低89%和81%,有效改善掘进面作业环境。