江苏省海安县生态农业问题的探讨

本文围绕建设生态农业的主要任务,结合海安县生态农业模式讨论了下列五个问题:1.农村经济结构和产业结构的改变在生态农业中的地位和作用;2.物质循环与环境资源开发利用的物质基础;3.能量流动与开发利用环境资源的途径;4.食物链与环境资源利用增殖的渠道;5.生态平衡与环境资源保护。     

浙江省萧山市山一村农村生态良性循环与系统管理研究 Ⅱ.山一村产业结构调整和结构负熵计算

本文在分析山一村农村产业结构的不同层次、调查该村产业结构的历年演变趋势、考虑该村资源的整体优势和部门潜力的基础上,参考萧山市社会经济发展综合规划,提出了山一村产业结构调整思路,列述了调整方案要点,并通过结构调整前后系统总负熵的计算,系统趋向有序。根据耗散结构理论,从系统总负熵值的降低,说明系统的有序度提高22％,从而验证了调整方案的合理性。     

FDI对产业结构的影响——基于高技术产业的视角

基于高技术产业的视角,运用统计方法分析了FDI对产业结构的影响,结果表明:FDI推动了高新技术产业的发展,即通过投资直接优化了产业结构;但FDI企业技术水平不高和研发水平均比较低,决定了潜在的技术溢出效应有限,外资企业生产本地化程度反映的实际溢出效应也证实了这一点,因此FDI没有通过溢出效应优化产业结构.表5,参3.     

阳澄湖畔生态村——吴县唯亭镇浦田村生态农业的建设

本文总结了苏州市郊吴县唯亭镇浦田村从改革耕作制度着手,调整产业结构,改善农田生态环境,提高土地产出效益的成功经验;介绍了该村种植、养殖和食用菌生产配套,建立农、牧、渔、副结合的复合生态系统,实现了良性循环的综合平衡,探索了在阳澄湖农区农村生态经济协调发展的有效途径。     

太原实施清洁生产,促进经济可持续发展概况

面对既要发展经济,又要保护环境的新形势,调整产业结构,实施清洁生产,走可持续发展之路,成为太原市经济和社会发展的必然选择.本文介绍了太原市开展清洁生产3年来,坚持调整产业结构和优化资源配置相结合、污染防治和生态环境建设并重的原则,在全市实施清洁生产制度创新工程,营造城市环境蓝天碧水.昔日被列入全国城市环境质量倒数第一的城市,如今被确定为我国第一个清洁生产试点城市.     

食、用兼佳的多用途竹种——麻竹

麻竹[Sinocalamus latiflorus(Munro)Mc Clure]是一种食、用兼佳和经济效益高的多用途竹种。福建省永春县栽培麻竹历史悠久,但过去只是在房前屋后、沟边溪旁等少量种植,主要是产笋自食。随着多种经济作物的发展和农村产业结构的调整,近年来我县麻     

太原实施清洁生产,促进经济可持续发展概况

面对既要发展经济,又要保护环境的新形势,调整产业结构,实施清洁生产,走可持续发展之路,成为太原市经济和社会发展的必然选择.本文介绍了太原市开展清洁生产3年来,坚持调整产业结构和优化资源配置相结合、污染防治和生态环境建设并重的原则,在全市实施清洁生产制度创新工程,营造城市环境蓝天碧水.昔日被列入全国城市环境质量倒数第一的城市,如今被确定为我国第一个清洁生产试点城市.     

本溪产业结构的环境生态评价

产业结构是联系人类经济活动与生态环境的一个重要纽带。本文提出了对产业结构进行环境生态评价的矩阵方法和模式，并以本溪市为例从自然生态系统，人类生存环境，环境承载量三个方面对产业结构现状作出评价，并据此提出了调整其产业结构的思路和方向。     

盐池北部风沙区土地利用变化的社会经济效应

以盐池北部风沙区为研究区域,利用1996—2007年土地利用变更调查与社会经济统计数据,借助典型相关分析,提取沙区农村土地利用变化对社会经济发展影响的主要方面。结果表明：（1）研究区土地利用变化对农村经济总体水平、经济结构、社会发展具有显著影响;（2）种植业、林业、牧业产值与粮食总产量是衡量研究区农村经济总体水平的重要指标,耕地、林地、居民点、沙地组成对其影响显著;（3）人口产业结构与居民收入结构反映了研究区农村社会发展、劳动力就业情况,受林地和沙地组成影响较大;（4）林地和沙地组成对地区农业结构,尤其是林业产值比重影响较大。沙区土地利用变化的社会经济效应分析,为土地利用结构调整方向提供依据,目的是促进沙区种植业结构调整、林牧业发展、农村劳动力合理分配。     

产业结构调整和溧阳市城市环境经济协调发展

在良性的城市生态经济系统中，合理的产业结构将会实现环境与经济的协调局长，本文概括亨市的产业结构及环境系统的实际情况，论述了其相互关系，并溧阳市产业结构调整并一进一步进行了讨论。     

江苏省环境库兹涅茨特征分析

选取江苏省 1 988— 2 0 0 2年经济与环境数据 ,建立了单位GDP污染排放量模型和人均GDP污染排放量模型 ,分析各类典型环境指标与GDP增长的关系。研究发现 ,江苏省的单位GDP污染排放量总体呈现下降趋势 ,表明技术进步和产业结构的调整已产生了明显的环境效益 ;同时发现经济发展与环境污染水平的关系总体上符合库兹涅茨曲线 (EKC)特征。由此得出结论 :江苏省目前仍处于工业发展期 ,环境污染物排放量EKC的转折点尚未达到 ,因此 ,江苏环境污染控制的投入有必要保持较高的水平。     

磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚的络合萃取

基于可逆络合反应的萃取分离方法对极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性.本文系统进行了磷酸三丁酯(TBP)对苯酚稀溶液的络合萃取的实验研.负载有机相的红外谱图分析表明,TBP与苯酚通过氢键缔合形成萃合物.以TBP-煤油为萃取剂对工业含酚废水进行了萃取平衡和错流萃取实验.讨论了其应用的可能性及开发新的有效的络合萃取剂的途径.     

Forecasting industrial emissions: a monetary approach vs. a physical approach

Forecasts of industrial emissions provide a basis for impact assessment and development planning. To date, most studies have assumed that industrial emissions are simply coupled to production value at a given stage of technical progress. It has been argued that the monetary method tends to overestimate pollution loads because it is highly influenced by market prices and fails to address spatial development schemes. This article develops a land use-based environmental performance index (L-EPI) that treats the industrial land areas as a dependent variable for pollution emissions. The basic assumption of the method is that at a planning level, industrial land use change can represent the change in industrial structure and production yield. This physical metric provides a connection between the state-of-the-art and potential impacts of future development and thus avoids the intrinsic pitfalls of the industrial Gross Domestic Product-based approach. Both methods were applied to examine future industrial emissions at the planning area of Dalian Municipality, North-west China, under a development scheme provided by the urban master plan. The results suggested that the LEPI method is highly reliable and applicable for the estimation and explanation of the spatial variation associated with industrial emissions.     

富勒烯化学修饰与生物医学应用研究进展(Trends in Studies on Chemical Modification and Biomedical Applications of Fullerenes)

富勒烯以及内嵌金属富勒烯作为一种新型含碳纳米材料,由于其独特的结构和物理化学性质,在生物、医学、超导、光学及催化等多领域有着极为广阔的应用前景.在生物和医学领域,富勒烯及其衍生物具有抗氧化活性和细胞保护作用、抗菌活性、抗病毒作用、载带药物和肿瘤治疗等活性.但是富勒烯本身难以直接溶于生物友好介质中,且制备过程中残存的有机溶剂容易引起生物毒性,富勒烯需要进行合适的化学修饰来进一步改善其生物活性,这些问题已成为其在生物医学领域应用的主要障碍.在总结国内外相关研究基础上,论文重点综述了富勒烯及其衍生物的生物医学应用,同时对其化学修饰与毒性相关性研究进行了阐述.     

Technological influences and abatement strategies for industrial sulphur dioxide in China

Industrial SO₂ is the most important air pollutant in China. This paper outlines the technological impacts on industrial SO₂ emissions in China in terms of: amount, intensity, structure of energy consumption and structure of energy-intensive industries. It shows that industrial SO₂ emissions have linear growth alongside increases in energy consumption, particularly the rise in coal consumption. The contribution of technological factors to decreases in the intensity of energy consumption is 25%, while the structural factor is 75%. The power industry accounts for 52.6% of total industrial SO₂. Optimisation of the structure of energy consumption can reduce SO₂ emissions by 1.98 million tonnes per year. We propose the following technological strategies for industrial SO₂ abatement: adjustment of the system and structure of thermal power generating units, acceleration of flue gas desulphurisation projects, transformation of industrial structures, development of eco-industries and a reduction in energy consumption per unit product. In addition, an effective way to abate industrial SO₂ emissions is to promote governance strategies to stricly enforce SO₂ emission standards, conduct emission trading, and formulate incentives for encouraging cleaner production and clean energy development.     

苏州市区空气污染对园林香樟,枫香植物生长的影响

本文测定了苏州市园林和效区香樟、枫香的光合作用、叶绿素含量、新梢长度、叶片长度与叶片宽度等生长因子,发现市区园林植物生长均受到抑制,其原因是空气污染造成的。提出了调整产业结构、集中供热、点源和面源控制、地面扬尘以及汽车气控制的整治措施,加以根治苏州区空气污染,改善城市生态环境。     

Rural industrial structure and landscape diversity: Correlation research

Landscape diversity reflects the integrated natural characteristics of rural areas, to some extent, while industrial structure shows the regional social economic characteristics. Therefore, correlation research on rural industrial structure and landscape diversity may couple the natural environment and social economy, which is of great importance to rural sustainable development. In this paper, we carried through this research from two aspects. First, we made a qualitative analysis of the hierarchical correlation beween rural industrial structure and landscape diversity, and the correlation during different historical periods was also summarized. Second, taking Yongsheng County, Yunnan Province, China as a case study, we applied the method of hierarchical clustering to make a quantitative analysis of the clustering correlation between rural industrial structure and landscape diversity. The results show that there are correlations between rural industrial structure and landscape diversity. That is, different industrial structures may result in similar landscape diversity in developed rural areas; while in developing rural areas industrial structure cannot exclusively determine landscape diversity, which is also influenced by natural factors, such as landform, physiognomy and climate.     

Industrial development and land use/cover change and their effects on local environment: a case study of Changshu in eastern coastal China

The interactions among industrial development, land use/cover change (LUCC), and environmental effects in Changshu in the eastern coastal China were analyzed using high-resolution Landsat TM data in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2006, socio-economic data and water environmental quality monitoring data from research institutes and governmental departments. Three phases of industrial development in Changshu were examined (i.e., the three periods of 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2000, and 2000 to 2006). Besides industrial development and rapid urbanization, land use/cover in Changshu had changed drastically from 1990 to 2006. This change was characterized by major replacements of farmland by urban and rural settlements, artificial ponds, forested and constructed land. Industrialization, urbanization, agricultural structure adjustment, and rural housing construction were the major socio-economic driving forces of LUCC in Changshu. In addition, the annual value of ecosystem services in Changshu decreased slightly during 1990–2000, but increased significantly during 2000–2006. Nevertheless, the local environmental quality in Changshu, especially in rural areas, has not yet been improved significantly. Thus, this paper suggests an increased attention to fully realize the role of land supply in adjustment of environment-friendly industrial structure and urban-rural spatial restructuring, and translating the land management and environmental protection policies into an optimized industrial distribution and land-use pattern.