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1.
C. F. Robson N. C. Davidson J. H. Barne J. P. Doody 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》1996,2(2):179-182
Baseline resource information in an easily accessible form is a vital starting point for developing coastal zone management.
On behalf of a wide-ranging group of organizations involved in the management of the U.K. maritime zone, the Joint Nature
Conservation Committee (JNCC) is compiling a series of 16 regional volumes. The volumes contain multi-disciplinary coastal
zone resource information arranged in ten chapters under the general title ‘Coasts and Seas of the UK’. These volumes form
part of a series of paper and electronic publications of coastal information being produced by JNCC’s Coastal Directories
Project and are designed to meet the needs of planners and all others involved in decision-making and management of the coast. 相似文献
2.
A. Jarernpornnipat O. Pedersen K. R. Jensen S. Boromthanarat S. Vongvisessomjai P. Choncheanchob 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2003,9(2):135-146
Bandon Bay (Surat Thani Province) is one of the most productive coastal areas in southern Thailand. The Tapi River and 18
channels are the main sources of freshwater, nutrients, organic matter and sediment to the bay and the loading of freshwater
and nutrients provide essential support for the production of phytoplankton in the estuarine ecosystem. Bandon Bay is important
as natural spawning, nursery and feeding grounds for shellfish such as oysters, blood cockles, green mussels, short-necked
clams, mud crabs and shrimps, and the estuary also serves as an excellent area for mariculturing of shellfish. In fact, oysters
and blood cockles cultured in Bandon Bay are now being exported worldwide. However, Bandon Bay is also a textbook example
of overexploitation of coastal resources in the tropics including all the derived changes in the estuarial ecosystem with
severe socio-economic consequences. Hence, there is an urgent need for setting up an integrated management plant for a sustainable
use of shellfish resources in Bandon Bay. The present study attempts to integrate water quality simulation results, socio-economic
data and information on existing shellfish resource use in the process of proposing a set of sustainable management strategies
for shellfish resources in Bandon Bay. These strategies involve: (1) using water quality modeling to monitor ecological and
environmental changes in shellfish culture beds and their natural habitats in the process of setting up a master plan for
management of waste water discharge into Bandon Bay; (2) zoning of shellfish mariculture in the coastal area in order to solve
conflicts between resource users; (3) setting up a clear system for taxation of mariculture where the revenue may be used
for (4) setting up and managing mangrove strips as filters of pollution and sediment around Bandon Bay; and finally (5) it
is suggested to form a committee with members representing all relevant stakeholders plus the local government in order to
work on resolving the existing and potential future conflicts over resource usage in Bandon Bay. This methodology may be seen
as an important contribution towards a Bandon Bay sustainable management approach, based on the principles of integrated coastal
zone management because it is science-based and takes into consideration the needs and perceptions of people involved in coastal
resource extraction. 相似文献
3.
We tested joint effects of predator loss and increased resource availability on the grazers’ trophic level and the propagation
of trophic interactions in a benthic food web by excluding larger predatory fish from cages and manipulating nutrients in
the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. The combination of nutrient enrichment and excluding larger predators induced an increase
in medium-sized predatory fish (three-spined stickleback). The meso-predator fish in turn did not change the total abundance
of the invertebrate herbivores, but did cause a substantial shift in their community composition towards the dominance of
gastropods by reducing amphipods by 40–60%, while gastropods were left unchanged. The shift in grazer composition generated
a 23 times higher producer biomass, but only under nutrient enrichment. Our results show that top-predator declines can substantially
shift the species composition at the grazers’ level, but that cascading effects on producers by a trophic cascade strongly
depend on resource availability. 相似文献
4.
In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for
a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests
concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence
policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance
1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences
of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present
report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental
report.
The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is
an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly
a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management
of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance
of a natural, dynamic system. 相似文献
5.
In 1990 the Dutch government decided to stop any further long-term landward retreat of the coastline. This policy choice for
a ‘dynamic preservation’ is primarily aimed at safety against flooding and at sustainable preservation of the values and interests
concerning the dunes and beaches. Five years later, a first overview of the benefits and bottlenecks of the new coastal defence
policy could be presented, which was published in the second governmental coastal report ‘Kustbalans 1995’ (coastal balance
1995). This consists of three elements: (1) evaluation of the implementation of ‘dynamic preservation’, (2) the consequences
of several natural and anthropogenic developments in the coastal zone and (3) integrated coastal zone management. The present
report describes experiences of Dutch coastline management and summarizes the main conclusions of the second governmental
report.
The overall conclusion of the evaluation study is that the 1990 choice for ‘dynamic preservation’ was right. Sand supply is
an effective method of coastline maintenance, which also serves functional uses in the beach and dune area. However, nearly
a doubling of the supply volume is necessary to compensate for sand losses in the coastal zone. A more integrated management
of the coastal zone is necessary to find an equilibrium between the interests of socio-economic development and the maintenance
of a natural, dynamic system. 相似文献
6.
Aušrinė Armaitienė Vadim L. Boldyrev Ramūnas Povilanskas Julius Taminskas 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2007,11(1):13-22
The varied and very dynamic landscape with a high biological diversity is a distinctive feature of the Curonian spit at the
regional scale. Throughout the 20th century the main morphodynamic trend in the littoral of the Curonian spit was shoreline
grading on the lagoon side, whereas on the marine side the increasing erosion at the foot of the spit, and increasing accretion
at the head of the spit prevailed. The results of a discriminant analysis (Wilkes’ λ = 0.001626 and F = 29.267 when p < 0.001) show that sites with prevailing erosion, accretion and sediment input from the drifting dunes form regular inter-related
spatial structures in the littoral with distinctive resulting discontinuities of the sediment drift along the lagoon coast.
Dune littoral cells are characterized by Aeolian sediment input and distribution ‘down-drift’, (usually northwards) from the
source. The most likely changes in the current development trends of the lagoon shore zone of the Curonian spit are related
to expected climate changes and further slowing down of the dune drift. The probability of storms and ice-drift events, and
their impact on coasts is expected to increase as a result of climate change. The dune advance will gradually slow down, and
with it, the sand input to the coastal zone will decline. In this paper, we define integrated shoreline management as a system
of long-term shoreline management measures, which is based on a littoral cell approach and aimed at harmonizing human activity
in the coastal zone with the natural development of the shoreline. We propose an integrated management program for the lagoon
shoreline of the Curonian spit, which is site-specific for each littoral cell as a coastal management unit. Drifting dunes
and seaside beaches are the natural amenities, which are best known and best appreciated on the Curonian spit by 49% of the
respondents representing the total Lithuanian population. A responsible tourism development should be considered as the key
means for proper appreciation of the drifting dunes and natural coasts by society, which means to acknowledge and cherish
the aesthetic and conservation values of dune and coastal landscapes of the Curonian spit as a World Heritage Site. There
are at least two pre-conditions for this: (1) to provide visitors with sufficient information about diverse values and functions
of the Curonian dunes and coasts within a broader regional and global heritage conservation context; (2) to enable tourists
to enjoy the most impressive dune and coastal landscapes at close range. In this paper we propose to encourage active dune
tourism, to reintroduce grazing into the Curonian dune areas, to restore and to preserve the most impressive landscapes of
the highest white drifting dunes by bringing the blown out sand from the leeward foot of the dunes back to the crest artificially. 相似文献
7.
Managing mangroves in Bangladesh: A strategy analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bangladesh, favoured by a tropical climate, houses the world’s largest stretch of mangroves forests (Sundarbans Reserved Forest)
and plantations. Around half of the forests of the country occur in the coastal zone. People extract various goods and services
from the mangroves. Nevertheless the mangrove forests are depleting. Although the extent of the Sundarbans forest has not
changed much, its decline is of a qualitative nature. Mangrove plantations are increasing in area but they are losing growing
stock. To arrest this, Bangladesh has adopted several strategies.
The ‘Sustainable Ecosystem Management’ strategy has now been adopted instead of the ‘Sustained Yield Principle’. Biodiversity
conservation and enhancement has been taken as a key management goal. A zoning system is being developed for both production
and protection purposes. The government facilitates alternative income for the local people by generating activities for the
communities which are dependent on the forest. Different non-governmental organizations collaborate with the government in
reducing the local people’s dependence on the forest. Coastal plantations are erected to protect people from cyclones and
to make the land more suitable for habitation. Through this greening of the coastal belt tree plantation is encouraged in
coastal villages. Coastal embankments are being planted and leased to poor settlers in exchange for routine maintenance of
the embankments. Plantations on newly accreted mud flats help in stabilizing the land, which can later on be settled by victims
of erosion elsewhere. These adopted management measures do not only contribute to forestry resource management but also to
the social, environmental and economic wellbeing of the coastal communities. These efforts are at present being integrated
into an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) project. 相似文献
8.
The coastal zone between Guilderton and Kalbarri, north of Perth, Western Australia, is a highly dynamic area of high landscape
and conservation values under increasing development pressures. Intensification of terrestrial and coastal impacts has highlighted
the need to develop a georeferenced data base for land management. The Coastal Assessment and Restoration project aimed to
document the natural resources and coastal developments to the region and to identify & assess threats to the coastal strip
through the creation of GIS datasets. GIS datasets provide a key source of reference information which can be accessed by
a number of stakeholders for future coastal planning and management and provide a basis for developing a risk management assessment
of the coastal zone and a strategy for coastal managers in our climate change future. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents research currently being conducted in Central Queensland, Australia to understand conflicts between coastal
zone resource users and the associated sociocultural and political issues surrounding coastal zone management. Conflict occurs
between stakeholders in the coastal zone over values, conservation and development trade-offs, access, and resource use rights.
Decisions are currently made within a multi-stakeholder framework where there is limited understanding among stakeholders
of each groups values and aspirations, and few, mechanisms for negotiation, or to ensure transparency of decisions and feedback
on consultation. This paper reports on the contribution of stakeholder analysis and social mapping to conflict management
and findings from their application. As it is applied here, stakeholder analysis and social mapping have been successful participatory
tools used to document and feed back the values, interests, attitudes and aspirations of stakeholders. Understanding stakeholder
conflict is essential in progressing a whole catchment approach to decision-making that secures the cooperation of a diverse
range of social groups. 相似文献
10.
Elena E. Andreeva Yuriy G. Mikhaylichenko Alexandre N. Vylegjanin 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2003,9(1):19-24
Coastal area management should be considered as an element of a more general philosophy—that of natural resource management—which
is in the process of replacing the purely ‘protection of the environment’ approach which was dominated most of the 20th century.
Specific legislation on coastal management has been adopted by many countries, and today steps have been taken to acumulate
all experience accumulated and to harmonize legal regulations on the international level. For the Russian Federation, formerly
the Soviet Union, with an enormous sea-shore line to cope with, it is a new experience to develop a concept and a legal regulation
specifically tackling coastal area management. The draft of a legislative act on coastal area management reflects the attempts
to find ways for harmonizing various economic, environmental and social interests in this huge area, encompassing relevant
Russian legislation in force as well as international conventions and treaties, and taking into considerations and treatices,
and taking into consideration foregin expereience in this field. 相似文献
11.
It is expected that the Baltic region becomes a major centre of economic growth and prosperity in Europe already during this
decade (Anon. 2000). Therefore, an Agenda 21 for the Baltic region (Baltic 21) was developed to ensure a sustainable development.
Especially the coastal ecosystems are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure e.g. eutrophication, traffic, harbours,
tourism or offshore wind parks. Eutrophication remains the main ecological problem in the Baltic Sea and has serious negative
social and economical consequences. Inner and outer coastal waters play an important role as buffers and filters for the Baltic
proper. Consequently, the utilization and preservation of their self-purification capacity is of great importance.
Combined results of our own coastal research and of the international workshop ‘Baltic coastal ecosystems: structure, function
and coastal zone management’ (Rostock University, November 2001) are presented here. Conclusions for an improved integrated
coastal zone management of Baltic coastal ecosystems will be presented. 相似文献
12.
Christine Pergent-Martini Gérard Pergent Eddy van der Maarel 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2002,8(2):107-108
Two Special Features on integrated coastal zone management, especially along the Mediterranean Sea, result from a MeDCOAST
conference held in Hammamet (Tunisia). 20–25 October 2001. In this first Special Feature some papers are presented on ecological
and biological research related to integrated coastal zone management. All over Europe coastal environments are threatened
by human activities such as urbanization, industrial development, fisheries, aquaculture, recreation and tourism. Research
has to be developed that can be applied to similar case studies in different countries. Methods of monitoring are necessary
and baseline data have to be available in order to judge the significance of changes in the abjotic and biotic environment.
Examples of studies included in this Special Feature are mainly from southern banks of the Mediterranean Sea but there is
also an example from Estonia and one from the Canary Islands. 相似文献
13.
Education and public participation are recognized as important elements of coastal zone management. The current paper describes
the Uk’s largest public participation survey concerned with coastal issues. Coastwatch UK involves thousands of volunteers
in an annual survey of the coastline. The project has several aims—primarily to provide an insight into the major problems
and threats to the coastline and, through the involvement of volunteers, to raise public awareness and aid environmental education
at all levels. 相似文献
14.
The value of information is a general and broadly applicable concept that has been used for several decades to aid in making decisions in the face of uncertainty. Yet there are relatively few examples of its use in ecology and natural resources management, and almost none that are framed in terms of the future impacts of management decisions. In this paper we discuss the value of information in a context of adaptive management, in which actions are taken sequentially over a timeframe and both future resource conditions and residual uncertainties about resource responses are taken into account. Our objective is to derive the value of reducing or eliminating uncertainty in adaptive decision making. We describe several measures of the value of information, with each based on management objectives that are appropriate for adaptive management. We highlight some mathematical properties of these measures, discuss their geometries, and illustrate them with an example in natural resources management. Accounting for the value of information can help to inform decisions about whether and how much to monitor resource conditions through time. 相似文献
15.
Interactions between water and land in The Netherlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Netherlands are one of the most densely populated coastal countries in the world and there is only limited space for living,
working, transport and recreation, while there is also the need to preserve and expand valuable natural habitats. In order
to solve many existing and future conflicts of interest, and in order to create ‘added value’, strategies are developed to
optimize the use of water-land systems.
The principle of ‘building with nature’ is applied in order to integrate land in sea and water in land in such a way that
future generations will be able to use coastal resources in a sustainable way, including a minimal effort to maintain the
coastline and the promotion of a multiple-use system.
The concept of Integrated multifunctional sustainable coastal zone development is introduced. This concept deals with a balanced
approach to the lack of space for present and future coastal uses in relation to each other, to the hinterland, and to the
sea. Flexible master plans are developed, taking into account many functions of the coastal zone, and facilitating adaptation
to future developments—e.g. impacts of climate change and relative sea level rise. In this regard increasing the flexibility
of the coastal zone is of vital importance.
Large-scale coastal land reclamations in The Netherlands are dealt with, based on two different principles: (1) polder systems
(low lying land reclamations surrounded and protected by dikes), (2) systems of ‘building with nature’—land reclamation protected
by man-made foreshores, beaches and dunes. In the latter type new flexible dynamic-equilibrium coasts are created for many
functions, while coastal vulnerability is reduced and a flexible coast is developed. 相似文献
16.
Community-level resource management efforts are cornerstones in ensuring sustainable use of natural resources. Yet, understanding how community characteristics influence management practices remains contested. With a sample size of ≥725 communities, we assessed the effects of key community (i.e., socioeconomic) characteristics (human population size and density, market integration, and modernization) on the probability of occurrence of fisheries management practices, including gear, species, and spatial restrictions. The study was based in Solomon Islands, a Pacific Island country with a population that is highly dependent on coastal fisheries. People primarily dwell in small communities adjacent to the coastline dispersed across 6 island provinces and numerous smaller islands. We used nationally collected data in binomial logistic regression models to examine the likelihood of management occurrence, given socioeconomic context of communities. In contrast to prevailing views, we identified a positive and statistically significant association between both human population size and market integration and all 3 management practices. Human population density, however, had a statistically significant negative association and modernization a varied and limited association with occurrence of all management practices. Our method offers a way to remotely predict the occurrence of resource management practices based on key socioeconomic characteristics. It could be used to improve understanding of why some communities conduct natural resource management activities when statistical patterns suggest they are not likely to and thus improve understanding of how some communities of people beat the odds despite limited market access and high population density. 相似文献
17.
Elaine Tweneboah Lawson Wolfgang Schluchter Chris Gordon 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2010,14(3):231-238
Like many developing countries, Ghana is grappling with environmental issues, such as the degradation of coastal natural resources.
In an attempt to ameliorate the current state of affairs, broad institutional arrangements and policy interventions have been
put in place. However coastal natural resources are still being overexploited and the effects of this are felt more strongly
by certain groups (such as women and the rural poor) than others. This has led to the argument pointing to an urgent need
to include local resource users as active participants in environmental decision making and to incorporate their environmental
values in the management of coastal natural resources. Using empirical data from women in two Ghanaian coastal communities,
this paper highlights the importance of exploring how the environmental attitudes and values of women might be considered
in the management of local coastal natural resources. It assesses effectiveness of the paired comparison methodology in this
respects and how this method can be also used to prioritise their environmental concerns. The results show that in both areas
respondents place the greatest importance on the coastal natural resources as sources of wealth creation and of food, values
which are often described as being “anthropocentric”. The paper thus argues that having discovered that the ecological value
placed on natural resources is low, initiatives that could win the support of people would be those that link the livelihood
and wellbeing to coastal NRM. It emphasizes the fact that conservation cannot exist outside of people and social systems;
nor will it succeed unless they are linked to the welfare of resource users. 相似文献
18.
To improve the present national and local sustainable planning capability for the coastal zone a GI application for the Italian
Coastal Susceptibility Assessment was planned within an institutional agreement between ENEA and the Land Defence Service
of the Italian Ministry of Environment. Taking into account previous European actions a suitable methodology to assess, in
a quantitative way, the susceptibility of beaches to be eroded has been set up.
The methodology balances the coastline trend as evaluated for a defined time period with the present coastal areas morphology
and land use, this in order to derive a value that expresses the evolutionary process in terms of probability of the loss
of goods within the ‘Homogeneous Coastal Tracts’.
The trend in the movement of the sea-land line has been used asgeo-indicator of a complex dynamic balance that refers both to marine and inland systems, and a vector GI application was built and locally
applied in southern Italian coastal areas.
The present shoreline position and some other information describing the intrinsic beach morphologies, and having significance
for the coastal erosion hazard assessment, have been derived from the national 1∶10.000 ortho-images of the National Cartographic
Reference System provided by the Italian Ministry of Environment. The illustrated GI application— CoSTAT—keeps the nominal
scale of all data collected or produced. In this analysis the coastal dune presence is analysed as factor limiting coastal
erosion susceptibility. Applying a matrix calculation a quantitative evaluation of erosion susceptibility degree was achieved
and plans were made to develop new information for a suitable use of Italian coastal areas.
The work describes the methodology, the conceptual frame-work and the results of a local application. 相似文献
19.
Chadwick D. Rittenhouse Joshua J. Millspaugh Andrew B. Cooper Michael W. Hubbard Steven L. Sheriff Robert A. Gitzen 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2008,15(1):39-47
Wildlife resource selection studies typically compare used to available resources; selection or avoidance occurs when use
is disproportionately greater or less than availability. Comparing used to available resources is problematic because results
are often greatly influenced by what is considered available to the animal. Moreover, placing relocation points within resource
units is often difficult due to radiotelemetry and mapping errors. Given these problems, we suggest that an animal’s resource
use be summarized at the scale of the home range (i.e., the spatial distribution of all point locations of an animal) rather
than by individual points that are considered used or available. To account for differences in use-intensity throughout an
animal’s home range, we model resource selection using kernel density estimates and polytomous logistic regression. We present
a case study of elk (Cervus elaphus) resource selection in South Dakota to illustrate the procedure. There are several advantages of our proposed approach. First,
resource availability goes undefined by the investigator, which is a difficult and often arbitrary decision. Instead, the
technique compares the intensity of animal use throughout the home range. This technique also avoids problems with classifying
locations rigidly as used or unused. Second, location coordinates do not need to be placed within mapped resource units, which
is problematic given mapping and telemetry error. Finally, resource use is considered at an appropriate scale for management
because most wildlife resource decisions are made at the level of the patch. Despite the advantages of this use-intensity
procedure, future research should address spatial autocorrelation and develop spatial models for ordered categorical variables. 相似文献
20.
Anne Cadoret 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2009,13(2-3):151-163
Most rapidly changing areas are beset by intensified conflicts of use, where the environmental dimension plays an increasingly important role. These antagonistic situations represent a challenge for continuing and launching territorial public actions for integrated resource management. This contribution aims to highlight the socio-spatial dynamics of conflicts of use relating to the environment and provides methodological elements to characterise the conflictual processes at work in rapidly changing areas. It sets out elements of research on the Languedoc-Roussillon coastal zone, based on the hypothesis that sustainable management of territories’ gains by being acquainted with conflict mechanisms (the emergence factor, modes of dissent, methods of regulation) and the actors involved (role, organisation, strategies), in time and in space. An interpretative framework for the conflictual processes relating to the environment is proposed, in order to provide a complementary analysis of the typologies of existing conflicts. 相似文献