2×300 MW机组镁法脱硫吸收塔设计

氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫技术已在我国推广应用,在氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫工艺中,关健设备是吸收塔.以2×300 MW机组烟气脱硫工程为例,对吸收塔本体结构尺寸进行设计及选型,为镁法脱硫吸收塔设计提供参考.     

湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔系统的设计和运行分析

详细介绍了广东省连州电厂石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔系统的流程，设备，吸收塔内部结构、防腐措施等设计情况，同时对系统的运行状况进行了分析。     

烟气脱硫吸收塔增容改造技术方案探讨

目前国内投运的部分石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫装置中,由于燃煤硫分变化而面临着吸收塔增容改造的局面。以实际案例探讨国内燃煤电厂脱硫装置吸收塔增容改造的常用技术方案,并比较分析其优缺点。吸收塔增容改造项目应本着因地制宜的原则,结合原塔性能分析、实际设计参数、现场场地、工程投资等因素,进行多方案技术经济比较,寻求适合该改造项目的最优方案。     

GGH换热元件结垢堵塞原因分析及防治措施

京隆发电公司脱硫系统运行过程中经常发生GGH换热元件结垢和堵塞现象,分析了GGH结垢和堵塞的原因,主要包括除雾器除雾效率差;脱硫系统水平衡设计不合理;除雾器冲洗水系统故障、设计不当或冲洗不足;吸收塔补充石灰石浆液量过大;GGH换热元件波形板或GGH换热面高度设计不合理;吹灰系统设计不合理;氧化风量不足;吸收塔液位长时间保持在高液位、消泡剂添加不足;燃煤硫分的变化及吸收剂品质不好等。提出了防治措施,较好地解决了GGH换热元件结垢和堵塞的问题。     

氨法脱硫副产物亚硫酸铵的塔外氧化

根据氨法脱硫反应机理,提出了将脱硫生成的亚硫酸铵溶液排放到吸收塔外进行氧化的方法,一方面可以减少脱硫塔的注氨量,有效控制吸收塔出口烟气中的逸氨及硫酸铵气溶胶,避免二次污染;另一方面,可以提高吸收塔内亚硫酸铵浓度,保持较高的脱硫率.塔外氧化对于氨法脱硫是一种比较合理的氧化方法.     

吸收塔浆液起泡原因分析及消泡剂的选择

针对在多个湿法脱硫项目中出现的吸收塔浆液起泡现象,分析了引起塔内浆液起泡的原因,提出了相应的处理措施,探讨脱硫吸收塔浆液起泡专用消泡剂的作用原理及选择原则。     

烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构计算方法

研究了火电厂烟气脱硫吸收塔总体结构，分析了吸收塔各种荷载对结构计算的影响，运用国内有关标准规范计算吸收塔壳体厚度，为脱硫行业吸收塔的总体结构计算提供参考。     

火电厂烟气脱硫装置吸收塔倒装工艺

吸收塔是火电厂烟气脱硫装置中的关键设备,以铜陵电厂2×1 000MW机组烟气脱硫装置吸收塔安装为例,介绍了吸收塔倒装工艺及其特点。由于倒装法在降低费用、缩短工期、减少高空作业量、不受场地限制等方面具有显著的优点,因而在吸收塔的施工技术中被广泛采用。     

烟气脱硫系统的吸收塔及停留时间

介绍了烟气脱硫系统中三种主要的吸收塔类型,及烟气在吸收塔中停留时间和喷淋吸收区高度的计算方法。简述了液气比与气速、烟气中SO2含量的关系,并列举了喷淋塔、动力波塔和平流塔等工程实例。     

脱硫吸收塔系统常见故障分析及处理

脱硫系统的发生的故障主要是吸收塔系统出现的异常工况，分析吸收塔系统浆液循环泵叶轮磨损、浆液泵出口母管堵塞、吸收塔内浆液异常等对吸收塔出口参数的影响，并提出了各种异常现象发生时的解决方法，为减少脱硫系统故障，确保烟气达标排放提供参考。     

Steady-state design of vertical wells for liquids addition at bioreactor landfills

The rate at which liquids can be added to a vertical well, the lateral zone of impact of the well, and the liquids volume needed to wet the waste within the zone of impact of the well are the key inputs needed to design a vertical well system. This paper presents design charts that can be used to estimate these inputs as a function of municipal solid waste properties (porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and anisotropy ratio), well dimensions (radius and screen length), and injection pressure. SEEP/W modeling was conducted to estimate the key design inputs for a range of conditions practically encountered for a vertical well installed in landfilled waste. The flow rate, lateral zone of impact of a well, liquids volume added, and injection pressure were normalized with the waste properties and well dimensions to formulate dimensionless variables. A series of design charts were created to present dimensionless steady-state flow rate, lateral zone of impact, and the dimensionless liquid volume needed to reach a steady-state condition, as a function of dimensionless input variables. By using dimensionless variables formulated for this work, these charts permit the user to estimate the steady-state design variables described above for a wide range of configurations and conditions beyond those simulated without the need for further modeling. The results of the study suggest that the lateral extent of the well can be estimated using Darcy’s equation and assuming saturated unit-gradient vertical flow regime below the well bottom. An example problem is presented to illustrate the use of the design charts. The scenario described in the example problem was also modeled with SEEP/W, and the results were compared with those obtained from the design charts to demonstrate the validity of design charts for scenarios other than those used for the development of the design charts. The methodology presented in this paper should be thought of as a means to provide a set of bounds that an engineer can use along with their judgment in the design of a system for a specific site.     

台山电厂5号机组烟气脱硝液氨储存区设计

介绍了广东省台山电厂5号机组烟气脱硝工程选用液氨作为反应剂的工艺设计以及针对危险化学品液氨采取的一些具体措施,并对液氨储存区的设计提出了一些看法.     

大港油田污水回用工程超滤反渗透设计

通过总结大港油田污水回用深度处理工程超滤反渗透系统设计思路,介绍了目前国际领先的"双膜法"污水回用深度处理技术.着重论述了该工程超滤反渗透单元以及各辅助系统如加药、反洗、化学清洗等系统的设计,研究并探讨了系统设计中膜污染问题的解决措施和思路.     

EFFECT OF DESIGN VARIABLES ON PARTICIPATION IN RESIDENTIAL CURBSIDE RECYCLING PROGRAMS

This research examines how each of the design variables associated with the design of residential curbside recycling programs affects the participation rate, as well as the effect of interactions between the variables. The evaluation of each design variable includes a literature review and an analysis of the results of six published surveys of curbside recycling programs. The results of this research show that there is no single ideal design for residential curbside recycling programs, but that a variety of combinations of design variables have proven to be successful. This suggests that when designing a recycling program, the costs, needs and goals of the community should be significant factors while taking into consideration the effect of some design variable options on participation. Based on these results, four residential curbside recycling programs were designed: two to maximize participation rates without significant regard to cost; and the other two with the goal of achieving a balance between participation rate and program cost.     

Disposal of contaminated sediments/soils in MSW landfills: Need to consider the true cost

A disturbing trend among governmental agencies is the remediation of so‐called “nonhazardous” contaminated sediments/soils by deposition in minimum‐design Subtitle D municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills or landfills with equivalent design. This is done despite the fact that, in terms of protection of public health and environmental quality, the designation “nonhazardous” is misleading at best, and the fact that minimum‐design Subtitle D landfills as being allowed will not ensure protection of groundwater quality for as long as the buried wastes remain a threat. Although acknowledged in the regulatory documentation and exposed in the writings of a few in the scientific/engineering community, the environmental and public health issues that will inevitably be faced at minimum‐design Subtitle D landfills are underplayed, and even misrepresented, to the public. Discussion of relevant issues, as well as remarkable omissions, characterized the October 2004 United States Army Corps of Engineers (US ACE)/United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)/Sediment Management Work Group (SMWG) conference,” Addressing Uncertainty and Managing Risk at Contaminated Sediment Sites.” This article addresses many of those neglected issues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

烟气脱硫喷淋塔的容积负荷与本体设计

提出了以喷淋塔的容积负荷——平均容积吸收率为控制指标的本体设计路线。在目前已有的设计、运行经验基础上，根据烟气的SO2进口浓度、要求的吸收效率等来确定喷淋塔容积。讨论了容积吸收率不同角度的定义，给出了采用容积吸收率进行喷淋塔本体设计的步骤。     

The waste reduction (WAR) algorithm: environmental impacts, energy consumption, and engineering economics

A general theory known as the waste reduction (WAR) algorithm has been developed to describe the flow and the generation of potential environmental impact through a chemical process. The theory defines indexes that characterize the generation and the output of potential environmental impact from a process. The existing theory has been extended to include the potential environmental impact of the energy consumed in a chemical process. Energy will have both an environmental impact as well as an economic impact on process design and analysis. Including energy into the analysis of environmental impact is done by re-writing the system boundaries to include the power plant which supplies the energy being consumed by the process and incorporating the environmental effects of the power plant into the analysis. The effect of this addition on the original potential impact indexes will be discussed. An extensive engineering economic evaluation has been included in the process analysis which inherently contains the cost of the consumed energy as an operating cost. A case study is presented which includes a base process design and two modifications to the base design. Each design is analyzed from an economic perspective and an environmental impact perspective. The environmental impact analysis is partitioned into the impacts of the non-product streams and the impacts of the energy generation/consumption process. The comparisons of these analysis procedures illustrate the consequences for decision making in the design of environmentally friendly processes.     

燃煤电厂无旁路烟气脱硫系统的设计与调试

随着我国环保标准的提高,电厂烟气脱硫系统取消旁路成了大势所趋。介绍了燃煤电厂无旁路烟气脱硫系统的设计与调试方案,阐述了无旁路脱硫系统的工艺流程、特点,以及在实际工程设计中应注意的要点,探讨了无旁路脱硫系统调试过程中需要重点检查的事项,并提出了异常情况的处理方法。     

A universal design approach for in situ bioremediation developed from multiple project sites

This article describes a design approach that has been developed for bioremediation of chlorinated volatile organic compound–impacted groundwater that is based upon experience gained during the past 17 years. The projects described in the article generally involve large‐scale enhanced anaerobic dechlorination (EAD) and combined aerobic/anaerobic bioremediation techniques. Our design approach is based on three primary objectives: (1) selecting and distributing the proper additives (including bioaugmentation) within the targeted treatment zone; (2) maintaining a neutral pH (and adding alkalinity when needed); and (3) sustaining the desired conditions for a sufficient period of time for the bioremediation process to be fully completed. This design approach can be applied to both anaerobic and aerobic bioremediation systems. Site‐specific conditions of hydraulic permeability, groundwater velocity, contaminant type and concentrations, and regulatory constraints will dictate the best remedial approach and design parameters for in situ bioremediation at each site. The biggest challenges to implementing anaerobic bioremediation processes are generally the selection and delivery of a suitable electron donor and the proper distribution of the donor throughout the targeted treatment zone. For aerobic bioremediation processes, complete distribution of adequate concentrations of a suitable electron acceptor, typically oxygen or oxygen‐yielding compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, is critical. These design approaches were developed based on understanding the biological processes involved and the mechanics of groundwater flow. They have evolved based on actual applications and results from numerous sites. An EAD treatment system, based on our current design approach, typically uses alcohol as a substrate, employs groundwater recirculation to distribute additives, and has an operational period of two to four years. An aerobic in situ treatment system based on our current design approach typically uses pure oxygen or hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor, may involve enhancements to groundwater flow for better distribution, and generally has an operational period of one to four years. These design concepts and specific project examples are presented for 17 sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.