从废甲醇合成催化剂中回收铜锌

将废RK-05甲醇合成催化剂经过煅烧、浸取、精制等工序回收其中的铜和锌。经正交实验得到煅烧废催化剂的最优工艺参数为:废催化剂筛目100目,煅烧温度950℃,煅烧时间60 min。最佳浸取工艺条件为:废催化剂加入量约4 g/L,浸取温度75℃,浸取剂用量与理论用量体积比2.0~3.0,浸取剂浓度4.0 mol/L,浸取时间10min。精制工序制备CuO的最佳工艺条件为:锌粒与滤渣质量比为1.00,反应时间3 h,煅烧温度450℃,煅烧时间4 h。制备ZnO的最佳工艺条件为:煅烧温度800℃,煅烧时间60 min。回收的产品CuO纯度为99.1%,满足GB/T674—2003《化学试剂粉状氧化铜》中优级品的标准。回收的产品ZnO纯度为99.6%,满足GB/T3185—1992《氧化锌(间接法)》中一级品的标准。     

聚吡咯改性废菌渣活性炭的制备及其吸附水中SO42-性能

采用ZnCl2活化废菌渣(MR)制备了废菌渣活性炭(MRAC),再采用聚吡咯(Ppy)改性MRAC制备复合材料Ppy-MRAC.以水中SO42-的吸附量为优化指标,分别用单因素实验和响应面法优化制备和改性条件,并对优化条件下制备的MRAC和Ppy-MRAC进行了SEM、EDS和FTIR分析表征.MRAC最佳制备条件为浸...     

高铁酸钾制备过程中废碱液的回收利用

在次氯酸盐氧化法制备高铁酸钾过程中对废碱液进行回收利用,探讨了废碱液的提纯方法和制备高铁酸钾的工艺参数。废碱液提纯的方法是先向废碱液中加入少许KOH,使溶液碱度保持在13.00mol/L,然后将温度降至0℃,静置一段时间后过滤去除析出的KCl和KNO3杂质。高铁酸钾的最佳制备工艺条件是同时加入Fe(NO3)3.9H2O和KOH。经提纯的废碱液所制得的高铁酸钾的纯度和产率比未经提纯的废碱液明显提高,且经5次循环使用后,所制得高铁酸钾的纯度和产率依然可达60.74%和46.31%,实现了废碱液的循环利用。     

MTO废催化剂SAPO-34的再生

采用干凝胶转化法对甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废催化剂SAPO-34进行再生,将SAPO-34分子筛晶化所需的硅、铝、磷原料同时作为黏结剂使用,经干凝胶转化制备出再生催化剂,并对催化剂进行了表征及MTO反应活性评价。表征结果显示,再生催化剂的晶体结构、微观形貌、粒径分布、孔结构、耐磨性及酸中心均得到了恢复与改善,磨损指数可达0.35%/h。实验结果表明:在催化剂加入量为1.0 g、进气中甲醇质量分数为95%、甲醇质量空速为3 h-1、反应温度为450℃、反应压力为常压的条件下,再生催化剂的甲醇转化率接近100%,双烯(乙烯和丙烯)选择性较废催化剂提高了约3百分点,可达87%以上;同时,再生催化剂的寿命也较废催化剂有了明显改善。     

用废镍铝合金粉制备镍催化剂

研究了以废镍铝合金粉（废镍渣）为原料、H2SO4为浸出剂、尿素为沉淀剂制备镍催化剂的方法；考察了Ni浸出条件对其浸出率的影响，并通过催化加氢实验对镍催化剂的活性进行了评价。Ni的浸出条件：w（H2SO4）25％、酸浸时间3h、n（废镍渣）：n（H2SO4）=1．0：1．4。在该条件下，Ni的浸出率为92．85％。Ni的回收率在90％以上。催化加氢实验结果表明，在温度120～125℃、压力大于或等于1．2MPa、催化剂用量1％（质量分数）的条件下，可将异丙叉丙酮经一步液相催化加氢反应制备成甲基异丁基甲醇（MBC），异丙叉丙酮转化率为100％，MIBC的收率达99．3％。     

用含锌废催化剂制备纳米氧化锌

以含锌废催化剂为原料,经酸浸、除杂、锌粉置换、合成等工艺制得碱式碳酸锌,再经过滤、洗涤、干燥、煅烧制备纳米氧化锌。考察了酸浸工艺硫酸溶液含量和液固比(硫酸与含锌废催化剂的质量比)对锌浸出率的影响,以及煅烧温度对纳米氧化锌质量的影响。实验结果表明:在硫酸质量分数为30%、液固比为5的最佳酸浸工艺条件下,锌浸出率为92%;在最佳煅烧温度为400℃的条件下,氧化锌质量分数大于95%,比表面积大于50 m2/g;纳米氧化锌颗粒大小均匀,平均粒径小于50 nm。     

从废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂中回收稀土的研究进展

以稀土元素(简称稀土)用量较大的废FCC催化剂和废汽车尾气净化催化剂为研究对象,分析总结了两类废催化剂中稀土的成分和回收方法。从废催化剂中回收稀土普遍采用先浸出、后分离提纯的方法。浸出普遍采用无机酸(多为盐酸),分离方法包括溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法等,最后经焙烧得到稀土氧化物。为从废催化剂中高效回收稀土,可着重考察新浸出机制的引入、分离方式的选择、分离试剂的应用,以及浸出和分离条件的优化,从而为实现工业化回收提供技术支持。     

MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂的制备及其性能

以凹凸棒土为载体、MnO_2为活性组分,制备了MnO_2陶粒臭氧氧化催化剂,并以草酸为模拟污染物,采用响应面法对催化剂的制备条件进行了优化。实验结果表明:各因素对草酸去除率影响的显著性顺序为MnO_2投加量盐酸溶液质量分数煅烧时间煅烧温度。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:MnO_2投加量200 mg/g,盐酸溶液质量分数20%,煅烧时间2 h,煅烧温度400℃。在初始草酸质量浓度150 mg/L、溶液pH 3.11、臭氧投加量8.10 mg/min、臭氧-氧气曝气量400 m L/min的条件下,最佳条件制备的催化剂在反应30 min时的草酸去除率达66.99%。催化剂具有良好的活性稳定性,且催化过程中Mn~(2+)溶出量低。催化剂具有较大的比表面积,负载的MnO_2类型为α-MnO_2和β-MnO_2。     

纳米TiO2的制备及其对品红的超声降解研究

采用超声水解法制备纳米TiO2,并以其作为催化剂降解品红.通过试验考察了不同催化剂用量、pH、反应功率、反应时间及Na+、K+、Cl-、SO42-等离子对品红超声催化降解的影响.结果表明,在适宜的反应条件下,降解率超过93%.     

用蒽醌生产中的废硫酸制备硫酸钾

研究了以蒽醌生产中的废硫酸为原料,通过缔合,置换,解缔等步骤,制备硫酸钾的最佳工艺条件。在最佳条件下,可使废硫酸中Ｈ２ＳＯ４的质量分数从２３％降至０．６０％,废硫酸成盐率为８９．０１％,硫酸钾纯度为９５．８５％。     

Pyrolysis of plastic packaging waste: A comparison of plastic residuals from material recovery facilities with simulated plastic waste

Pyrolysis may be an alternative for the reclamation of rejected streams of waste from sorting plants where packing and packaging plastic waste is separated and classified. These rejected streams consist of many different materials (e.g., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), aluminum, tetra-brik, and film) for which an attempt at complete separation is not technically possible or economically viable, and they are typically sent to landfills or incinerators. For this study, a simulated plastic mixture and a real waste sample from a sorting plant were pyrolyzed using a non-stirred semi-batch reactor. Red mud, a byproduct of the aluminum industry, was used as a catalyst. Despite the fact that the samples had a similar volume of material, there were noteworthy differences in the pyrolysis yields. The real waste sample resulted, after pyrolysis, in higher gas and solid yields and consequently produced less liquid. There were also significant differences noted in the compositions of the compared pyrolysis products.     

Abiotic hydrogen production in fresh and altered MSWI-residues: Texture and microstructure investigation

Long-term hydrogen generation was observed in a Bavarian mono-landfill for municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues. Hydration reactions of non-noble metals, especially aluminum, predominantly produce hydrogen at alkaline reaction conditions. Microscopic investigations show that aluminum metal may occur in different forms: as larger single grains, as small particles embedded in a vitrified matrix or less frequently in blowholes together with metallic silica.Four types of corrosion texture were observed, indicating different reaction mechanisms: aluminum hydroxide rims caused by hydration reactions at alkaline reaction conditions (reaction type 1) and multiphase rims with ettringite and hydrocalumite due to the reaction of aluminum hydroxide with sulfate and chloride ions which are solved in the pore water (reaction type 2). Galvanic corrosion textures due to the electric potential difference between aluminum and embedded intermetallic Fe- or Cu-rich exsolution phases lead to two further corrosion textures: Strong hydration effects of aluminum except a border of aluminum remnant directly beside the Fe- or Cu-rich segregations were only observed in fresh samples (reaction type 3). The reaction type 4 shows a network of Al-hydroxide veins occurring along the embedded intermetallic Fe- or Cu-rich exsolution segregation pattern within the metallic aluminum grain. Metal particles enclosed in vitrified particles offers the potential for future corrosion processes.The occurrence of corrosion types 1, 2 and 3 in fresh bottom ashes indicates that these reaction mechanisms predominate during the first reaction period in the presence of chlorine in an alkaline solution. Corrosion type 4, however, was additionally observed in aged samples. Here aluminum acts as sacrificed anode implying electrochemical reaction due to electrolytic pore water. Chloride in the system keeps the reaction alive as Al-hydroxide is solved which normally builds a protection shield around the aluminum metal particles.Due to field observations and experimental results we have reasonable indications that after an initial strong formation of hydrogen the reaction time for hydrogen production in the landfill is lengthened for several decades by the presence of chloride in the alkaline pore water.     

LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的开发及应用

介绍了LSH-02G克劳斯尾气加氢催化剂的生产工艺及工业应用情况。LSH-02G催化剂具有一定的大孔,可减少CO在催化剂孔道中的停留时间,显著提高催化剂的COS水解率。LSH-02G催化剂工业应用结果表明：装置在80％、100％和110％负荷下运行,各项参数运行正常,急冷水pH稳定在7.8~8.0,急冷塔顶在线氢气含量（φ）维持在1.8%~2.2%,加氢反应器无SO₂穿透。加氢反应器中SO₂加氢转化率均为100％,COS水解率均在92%以上,符合普光天然气净化厂加氢催化剂技术规格书要求（SO₂加氢转化率100％,COS水解率达90%以上）。     

A comparison study on high-temperature water–gas shift reaction over Fe/Al/Cu and Fe/Al/Ni catalysts using simulated waste-derived synthesis gas

A comparative study on Fe/Al, Fe/Al/Cu, and Fe/Al/Ni catalysts in high-temperature water–gas shift reaction (HT–WGS) using simulated waste-derived synthesis gas has been carried out. The metal oxide (Cu and Ni) and aluminum incorporated Fe catalysts were designed to get highly active HT–WGS catalysts. Despite the high CO concentration in the simulated waste-derived synthesis gas, Fe/Al/Cu catalyst exhibited the highest CO conversion (84 %) and 100 % selectivity to CO₂ at a very high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 40,057 h^?1. The outstanding catalytic performance is mainly due to easier reducibility, the synergy effect of Cu and Al, and the stability of the magnetite.     

从含铬铝泥中回收铝的新工艺

采用"打浆水洗除Cr(Ⅵ)—电渗析除Cr(Ⅵ)—碱浸提铝—碳酸化分解法精制Al_2O_3"的新工艺处理含铬铝泥(以下简称铝泥),并回收Al_2O_3。实验结果表明:铝泥在70℃下经3次打浆水洗后,w(Na_2CrO_4)(以干铝泥计)降至5.0%;采用电渗析除Cr(Ⅵ)工艺可有效去除铝泥中以结合态和结晶态形式存在的Na_2CrO_4,在55 V直流电压下电渗析6h后铝泥中的w(Na_2CrO_4)降至0.98%;在碱浸温度为100℃、碱浸时间为3 h、NaOH质量浓度为150 g/L的优化碱浸条件下,铝浸出率(以Al_2O_3计)高达90.0%;经3次碳酸化分解处理后,Al_2O_3产品的纯度达98.65%,满足GB/T 24487-2009《氧化铝》中的一级标准,Al_2O_3回收率为96.37%。     

非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂的脱硝性能分析

以自制复配无机锰盐和分析纯六水合硝酸铈为原料,制备了非负载无定形态Mn-Ce催化剂,运用XRD,XPS,NH_3-TPD技术对其进行了表征,并对其脱硝活性进行了评价。结果表明:所制备催化剂的体相结构为高度无定形态;催化剂中的Mn和Ce元素主要以MnO_2和CeO_2的形式存在;催化剂表面有大量的化学吸附氧和弱酸位点,并表现出较好的NH_3吸附性能;该催化剂不仅具有较高的脱硝活性,而且还有较宽的活性温度范围,80~300℃的脱硝率均达90%以上。     

TiO2载体对Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性的影响

以TiO₂为载体,选取过渡金属元素Mn为活性组分,稀土金属元素Ce为活性助剂,采用分步共混法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO₂催化剂（活性组分负载量16%）,系统研究了TiO₂载体的晶型和晶粒尺寸对催化剂脱硝活性的影响。实验结果表明：分别以锐钛矿型和金红石型TiO₂为载体制备的催化剂,其低温脱硝活性相差不大,活性组分均以无定型态高度分散于载体中,以金红石型TiO₂为载体制备的催化剂中部分TiO₂转变为锐钛矿型;以不同晶粒尺寸TiO₂载体制备的催化剂的低温脱硝活性相差较大,比表面积较大、晶粒尺寸较小的TiO₂载体制备的催化剂,其脱硝活性低于晶粒尺寸较大的TiO₂载体制备的催化剂。     

负载型金属催化剂的制备及印染废水的催化氧化处理

采用浸渍沉淀法制备负载型金属催化剂，考察了载体种类、活性组分种类、活性组分配比（n（Fe2+）∶n（Mn2+））、浸渍液浓度（以Mn2+计）、煅烧温度和煅烧时间对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明：活性炭负载FexOy-MnOx型催化剂具有较高的活性；将在浸渍液浓度0.5 mol/L（以Mn2+计）、n（Fe2+）∶n（Mn2+）=1∶2、煅烧温度250 ℃，煅烧时间8 h条件下制备的催化剂用于印染废水（COD=584 mg/L、色度500倍）的处理，在臭氧流量0.8 L/min、废水pH 7、催化剂加入量40 g/L、反应时间60 min的条件下，印染废水COD的去除率为83.2%；该催化剂具有良好的稳定性，连续使用6次后的COD去除率仍可达到61.1%。     

低SO_2氧化率脱硝催化剂的开发

介绍了SCR脱硝催化剂中V2O5对SO2的氧化及SO2氧化对脱硝催化剂及其下游设备的危害,分析了脱硝催化剂中V2O5对SO2氧化的原理和影响因素,探讨了低SO2氧化率脱硝催化剂开发方面的研究成果。     

整体式催化剂选择性催化氧化硫化氢

在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体上分两步涂覆了SiO₂和TiO₂两种涂层,再通过浸渍法制备了V₂O₅/TiO₂-SiO₂/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用BET、XRD、XRF、SEM和H₂-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并对催化剂的H₂S选择性催化氧化活性进行了评价。结果表明：V₂O₅负载量为20%（w）时,催化剂的活性最好;在反应温度180 ℃、空速3 000 h^-1、V（O₂）∶V（H₂S）=0.5的条件下,转化率达96.94%,硫产率达95.41%。在40 h的稳定性试验过程中,转化率稳定在96%左右,硫产率稳定在94%左右,催化剂的稳定性较好。与传统颗粒状催化剂相比,该整体式催化剂更具工业应用前景。