改进Orbal氧化沟工艺污水处理厂脱氮效果研究

Orbal氧化沟工艺在我国得到了广泛的应用,但在运行过程中也存在着脱氮效果低等问题.通过对Orbal氧化沟运行数据的监测分析和模拟发现,其脱氮效果差的主要原因是由于过度充氧导致氧化沟内溶解氧过高,抑制了系统内反硝化反应顺利进行造成的.通过减少曝气转碟的数量,有效的降低了系统内溶解氧浓度,沟内平均溶解氧浓度从改进前的0.51mg/L降低到改进后的0.20mg/L,提高了系统的脱氮效果.改进后脱氮效率比改造前同期脱氮效率有了显著提高,总氮去除率达到了70%,比去年同期提高了30%.     

Carrousel 氧化沟内DO 变化规律及其优化控制条件

为了提高氧化沟单沟系统的脱氮能力,通过现场测试对Carrousel 氧化沟单沟系统内部溶解氧(DO)的分布、传输特性进行了研究,通过中试试验对氧化沟适宜同步硝化反硝化过程发生的DO条件进行了研究.结果表明,沟内DO环境受曝气机的开启状态和进水负荷日动态变化的影响显著,DO 的分布和输移过程的推流特性有利于同步硝化反硝化过程的发生,沟内适宜同步硝化反硝化过程发生的好氧区域空间比例为0.3~0.5,并随着水力停留时间缩短而逐渐增大.     

系统动力学在污水处理中的应用研究

利用系统动力学原理,并根据活性污泥模型,构建Orbal氧化沟系统脱氮过程模拟的系统动力学模型。通过与实际情况相比发现,将模型分解为溶解氧模块、COD去除模块和TN去除模块是合理的,模拟发现减少转碟数量可以提高氧化沟系统脱氮效果。通过与实际运行的Orbal氧化沟进行对比发现,减少曝气转碟数量后,总氮去除率70%,比去年同期提高30%。     

城市污水处理厂Orbal氧化沟工艺沿程效果分析

为更深入地了解城市污水处理厂中Orbal氧化沟工艺性能,以西安市第三污水处理厂O rbal氧化沟工艺的实际运行监测数据为依据,分析了各构筑物对污水中主要污染物的去除效果。结果表明,对污染物COD、NH₃-N、TN、TP的去除率分别达到89.4%、91.92%、85.73%、87.6%以上。COD、TN的去除主要集中在厌氧池和氧化沟外沟;氧化沟外沟发生了同步硝化反硝化,此过程pH维持在6.9～7.1。     

改进型Orbal氧化沟在污水处理厂的应用

介绍了江山市鹿溪污水处理厂的设计概况和特色。工程一期处理规模为4.0万m3/d。采用"微孔曝气+推流器"的方式,充氧调节幅度为45%～100%,同时设计水深增加到5.5m,有效减少氧化沟的占地面积,节约运行费用。污水厂进水的主要污染指标为COD和NH3-N,主要处理工艺为改进型Orbal氧化沟。此外为了适应雨季的水量冲击,系统采用灵活的进水方式,雨季污水直接进入中沟,在保证出水达标的同时,减少了污泥流失。两年多的运行结果表明,该工艺具有良好的环境和经济效益。     

微孔曝气Carrousel氧化沟脱氮除磷效果研究

七里店污水净化厂采用微孔曝气Carrousel氧化沟工艺。在日处理量约为改造工程设计规模的2倍条件下,氧化沟水力停留时间仅为5 h,系统出水各项指标均达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级标准。氧化沟内存在同步硝化反硝化过程,但硝化不彻底,脱氮效率不高,氧化沟内没有严格的厌氧分区,但生物除磷效率高。系统存在二沉池尾水氮磷含量增高问题。通过改变运行条件,增加氧化沟水力停留时间,调整曝气分区,辅助投药除磷等手段可以进一步提高出水水质,实现高标准排放。     

Orbal氧化沟工艺设计特点与长期运行效果

黄村污水厂采用Orbal氧化沟工艺处理城市污水,介绍了处理构筑物设计参数及工艺技术特点。近十年的长期运行结果显示:Orbal氧化沟工艺运行稳定且出水效果良好,对有机污染物BOD5、COD及SS具有较高的去除效率,并具有较强的抗冲击能力,出水水质优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级标准,同时指出现存问题并对今后升级改造提出建议。     

基于层次分析法的氧化沟曝气方式研究

本文结合调研介绍了当前城镇污水处理厂氧化沟工艺中常用的曝气组合方式并进行比较分析,从工艺成熟度、经济效益及系统运行稳定性等角度出发,采用层次分析法建立评价模型体系。根据模型计算最终得出结论：倒伞表曝＋水下推流为最佳曝气组合方式。     

Carrousel氧化沟内特性参数的分布

为提高Carrousel氧化沟的脱氮能力,对长沙第二污水处理厂的Carrousel氧化沟工艺进行了现场测试,研究了氧化沟中流速、溶解氧以及污泥浓度在不同曝气机开启条件下的分布变化特征,并分析了其对同步硝化反硝化过程发生的环境条件的影响.结果表明,流速、溶解氧以及污泥浓度的空间分布特征受曝气机的开启条件影响显著,沟内溶解氧浓度随时间变化较大.开启5台曝气机时,溶解氧和流速均偏高,污泥混合更加均匀,开启3台曝气机时中沟段存在流速过低区域(<0.15m/s);适当降低曝气机开启台数,并根据系统条件变化动态调节,可以为实现氧化沟同步硝化反硝化过程创造较好的工艺条件.     

引进Orbal氧化沟处理含油污水

氧化沟工艺具有能耗低,能承受较大的水量和水质冲击,兼有好氧和缺氧生物处理特性,可以脱氮、出水稳定等优点。Orbal氧化沟是利用圆盘转碟曝气器完成整个沟的混合、推流和充氧功能,更具灵活可调的特点。经过实践应用,对含油污水处理具有很好的处理效果。本文详细介绍了广州石油化工总厂选用的设计参数和试运行情况。     

Flow field and dissolved oxygen distributions in the outer channel of the Orbal oxidation ditch by monitor and CFD simulation

In the Orbal oxidation ditch,denitrification is primarily accomplished in the outer channel.However,the detailed characteristics of the flow field and dissolved oxygen(DO)distribution in the outer channel are not well understood.Therefore,in this study,the flow velocity and DO concentration in the outer channel of an Orbal oxidation ditch system in a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing(China)were monitored under actual operation conditions.The flow field and DO concentration distributions were analyzed by computed fluid dynamic modeling.In situ monitoring and modeling both showed that the flow velocity was heterogeneous in the outer channel.As a result,the DO was also heterogeneously distributed in the outer channel,with concentration gradients occurring along the flow direction as well as in the cross-section.This heterogeneous DO distribution created many anoxic and aerobic zones,which may have facilitated simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in the channel.These findings may provide supporting information for rational optimization of the performance of the Orbal oxidation ditch.     

长岭炼油化工总厂第二污水处理场工艺特点

简要介绍了长炼第二污水处理场的工艺流程，同时对污水处理场的新工艺－韦姆柯浮选机、水解池、奥伯尔氧化沟的机理及特色作了描述，并着重介绍了奥伯尔氧化沟的运行特点。     

Novel strategy of nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater using pilot Orbal oxidation ditch

A pilot-scale Orbed oxidation ditch was operated for 17 months to optimize nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater of average COD to total nitrogen ratio of 2.7, with particular concern about the roles of dissolved oxygen （DO）, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） and return activated sludge （RAS） recycle ratio. Remarkable simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） was observed and mean total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency up to 72.1% was steadily achieved, at DO concentration in the out, middle and inner channel of 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively, with an average M LSS of 5.5 g/L and RAS recycle ratio of 150%. Although the out channel took the major role in TN removal, the role of middle channel should never be ignored. The denitrification potential could be fully developed under low DO, high MLSS with adequate RAS ratio. The sludge settleability was amazingly improved under low DO operation mode, and some explanations were tried. In addition, a scries of simplified batch tests were done to determine whether novel microorganisms could make substantial contribution to the performance of nitrogen removal. The results indicated that the SND observed in this Orbal oxidation ditch was more likely a physical phenomenon.     

长炼第二污水处理场氧化沟工艺运行小结

臭伯尔氧化沟池容大，停留时间长，运行稳定，对氧化沟污泥培养及开工运行进行了小结，并结合运行过程中的几个问题进行了分析和探讨。     

微生物燃料电池用于废水能源化的研究进展

微生物燃料电池能将废水中有机物的化学能转换成电能,在完成污染去除的同时实现能量回收,是一种新型的环境生物电化学技术。文章介绍了微生物燃料电池的工作原理,系统地总结了微生物燃料电池的技术体系构成要素,从电极构造、产电微生物、质子交换膜、反应器设计等方面阐述了微生物燃料电池研究现状与存在问题。针对微生物燃料电池在未来工程应用要求,指出反应器构型设计、生物电化学技术耦合等为未来研究重点。     

Characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in three full-scale wastewater treatment processes

Three full-scale wastewater treatment processes, Orbal oxidation ditch, anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic （reversed A^2O） and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic （A^2O）, were selected to investigate the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases （GHG）, including carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O）. Results showed that although the processes were different, the units presenting high GHG emission fluxes were remarkably similar, namely the highest CO2 and N2O emission fluxes occurred in the aerobic areas, and the highest CH4 emission fluxes occurred in the grit tanks. The GHG emission amount of each unit can be calculated from its area and GHG emission flux. The calculation results revealed that the maximum emission amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2O in the three wastewater treatment processes appeared in the aerobic areas in all cases. Theoretically, CH4 should be produced in anaerobic conditions, rather than aerobic conditions. However, results in this study showed that the CH4 emission fluxes in the forepart of the aerobic area were distinctly higher than in the anaerobic area. The situation for N2O was similar to that of CH4： the N2O emission flux in the aerobic area was also higher than that in the anoxic area. Through analysis of the GHG mass balance, it was found that the flow of dissolved GHG in the wastewater treatment processes and aerators may be the main reason for this phenomenon. Based on the monitoring and calculation results, GHG emission factors for the three wastewater treatment processes were determined. The A^2O process had the highest CO2 emission factor of 319.3 g CO2/kg CODremoved, and the highest CH4 and N2O emission factors of 3.3 g CH4/kg CODremoved and 3.6 g N2O/kg TNremoved were observed in the Orbal oxidation ditch process.     

Characterization of the airborne bacteria community at different distances from the rotating brushes in a wastewater treatment plant by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries

Biological risks of bioaerosols emitted from wastewater treatment processes have attracted wide attention in the recent years. However, the culture-based analysis method has been mostly adopted for detecting the bacterial community in bioaerosols, which may result in the underestimation of total microorganism concentration as not all microorganisms are cultivable. In this study, oligonucleotide fingerprinting of 16S rRNA genes was applied to reveal the composition and structure of the bacterial community in bioaerosols from an Orbal oxidation ditch in a Beijing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Bioaerosols were collected at different distances from the aerosol source, rotating brushes, and the sampling height was 1.5 m which is the common respiratory height of a human being. The bacterial communities of bioaerosols were diverse, and the lowest bacterial diversity was found at the sampling site just after the rotating brush rotating brush. A large proportion of bacteria in bioaerosols were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Numerous bacteria present in the bioaerosols also emerged in water, indicating that the bacterial community in the bioaerosols was related to that of the aerosols’ sources. The forced aeration of rotating brushes brought about observably distinct bacterial communities between sampling sites situated before and after the rotating brush. Isolation sources of closest relatives in bioaerosols clone libraries were associated with the aqueous environment in the WWTP. Common potential pathogens in bioaerosols as well as those not reported in previous research were also analyzed in this study. Measures should be adopted to reduce the emission of bioaerosols and prevent their exposure to workers.     

三维电极体系电催化氧化效率的研究

使用三维电极反应器处理不同盐量的草酸模拟废水,以IrO_2-Ta_2O_5/Ti为阳极、5 mm的球状活性炭(granular activatedcarbon,GAC)为填料,在电流密度100 A/m²,极板间距50 mm的条件下,进行电催化氧化过程中化学需氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)、电流效率(Average current efficiency)以及能耗(Energy consumption)的对比,实验结果表明在盐量为0.50%～3.00%的范围内,由于双电层电容的储能作用,提高盐量造成COD去除率有所下降,但能够提高反应末期电流效率,同时由于操作电压的降低可减少反应能耗。通过对比苯酚和草酸的电催化氧化过程证明电催化氧化过程具有较强的氧化有机物的能力。